Dark matter presentation by Nerea Wallace, Ángela Vicente and Silvia Lasvignes

1. DARK MATTER

2. DARK MATTER:
• It is called dark matter because it can’t be seen due
to the fact it does not reflect light.
• Dark matter is made up of atoms, molecules and
subatomic particles.
• We know its existence because it can be estimated
based ont he gravitational effects it causes in other
celestial bodies made of ordinary matter.
• It represents almost a 21% of the whole matter of
the universe.

3. TYPES OF DARK MATTER:
• Ordinary matter: made up of protons,
electrons and neutrons. The brown dwarf
stars are also consider to be ordinary dark
matter

4. • Extrordinary dark matter: black holes are
include due to their gravitatory well. Also
neutron stars and black dwarf stars are part of
the extraordinary dark matter.

5. FRITZ ZWICKY
• Dark matter was first
proposed by Fritz Zwicky
in 1933 due to the fact
that there is a type of
energy in the vacunm
that influence the orbit
of the planets and the
expansion of the
universe. Athough he
proposed this almost a
century ago, dark matter
is still a mystery
nowadays.

6. Antimatter, dark matter and dark
energy
Antimatter, dark matter and dark energy are
three absolutely different things, unlike what
many people understand.
We have already explained the concept of
dark matter so now we will develop the
antimatter and the dark energy.

7. ANTIMATTER
• It is like the common and current matter of what we are
done, but made of particles which electrical load is changed
of sign. An anti electron or positron might be an example. The
antimatter is form of antiparticles.
• It was predicted theoretically and discovered experimentally
practically one century ago. It even has technological
applications in medicine .
• It is the least enigmatic of the three concepts that we are
going to differentiate.

8. DARK ENERGY
It is a very complicated physical concept.
The Universe expands more and more rapid
since the Big Bang and so that this is possible
we need something that is accelerating it.
And if there is an acceleration, there has to be
a force. This force is what we call dark
energy.
It represents around 70% of the present
matter of the universe.

9. THE PROBLEM OF DARK MATTER
EQUIPMENTS:
• Many experiments offer opposing results between
them.
• Some experiments face to lighter particles while others
face to heavy particles.
• Technology nowadays is not able to locate dark matter
because lenses doesn’t have enough sensitivity.
• One of the most advanced equipments of the NASA are
Fermi and PAMELA.
• Fermi: spatial telescope of gamma rays.
• PAMELA: European satellite of cosmic rays

10. FERMI
PAMELA

11. Explanation of the problem
• We are in “ the decade of dark matter”
• Although there are many experiments going on none of them
none of them can explain exactly the dark matter.
• It will continue the war between the mass of particles and the
dark matter.
• The problem of dark matter is defined by the difficulty of
being seen due to the fact that it does not reflect light.
• The way to clarify this would be to continue studying galaxies,
supernovas, etc in order to see if it exists so much dark matter
as it seems.

12. Alternative Theory
• Robert H Sanders proposed a hypothesis not very
conventional to explain the disagreements that the
astrophysics find between the matter directly observed in the
galaxies and what should be in the data of the dynamics of
this systems.
• Sanders says, that difference is explained recurring to the
density of the energy of the vacuum more than recurring to
the existence of invisible dark matter for normal telescopes.
• He applies the Modified Dynamic of Newton to predict the
curves of rotation without recurring to dark matter.

13. NEW DARK MATTER GALAXY
• Based on the gravitational perturbations of the gases on the
rims of our Milky Way several scientists came to the
conclusion that there exists a dark matter galaxy not known
up to this moment at approximately 260. 000 distance light
years.
• If it exists, this Galaxy probably is not completely composed
of dark matter , because scientists have stated that there are
some small stars that can help them to find the galaxy

14. If the existence of this Galaxy is confirmed, it would be a
fundamental step in our comprehension of how the universe
became condensed from essential matter and energy after Big Bang.