Predavanje održano 27. septembra 2021. godine u okviru serije naučno-popularnih predavanja povodom obeležavanja 50 godina studija fizike, hemije i matematike na Univerzitetu u Nišu i dana Prirodno-matematičkog fakultetu u Nišu.
The Square Kilometre Array (SKA), even in its first phase (SKA Phase 1, or SKA1) will be the largest ground-based astronomical facility ever built, with unprecedented sensitivity in the frequency ranges for local to highly redshifted HI, and future expansion up to 25 GHz. The range of science cases that the SKA telescopes will cater for will also be the largest of any research facility, from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) and the Cosmic Down (CD), to tests of Einstein’s General Relativity, to finding all detectable pulsars in the Milky Way, and helping with the Cradle of Life case for Astrobiology. In this talk we will go through the different science cases, with emphasis in those with the most cosmological significance, such as EoR, CD, and probing General Relativity. (Talk presented at CosmoAndes 2018.)
Applications Of Computer Science in AstronomyAhmed Abuzuraiq
A presentations I did for an Astronomy course about the role that computer science plays in in astronomy , Examples included are
Adaptive Optics,Automated Ground Observatory,Galaxies Classifications and Simulations.
The Square Kilometre Array (SKA), even in its first phase (SKA Phase 1, or SKA1) will be the largest ground-based astronomical facility ever built, with unprecedented sensitivity in the frequency ranges for local to highly redshifted HI, and future expansion up to 25 GHz. The range of science cases that the SKA telescopes will cater for will also be the largest of any research facility, from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) and the Cosmic Down (CD), to tests of Einstein’s General Relativity, to finding all detectable pulsars in the Milky Way, and helping with the Cradle of Life case for Astrobiology. In this talk we will go through the different science cases, with emphasis in those with the most cosmological significance, such as EoR, CD, and probing General Relativity. (Talk presented at CosmoAndes 2018.)
Applications Of Computer Science in AstronomyAhmed Abuzuraiq
A presentations I did for an Astronomy course about the role that computer science plays in in astronomy , Examples included are
Adaptive Optics,Automated Ground Observatory,Galaxies Classifications and Simulations.
In this presentation we will look at the
Data about Comets
Data about the alleged “Planet X”
Predictions about “The End of The World” – and a history of these predictions.
To help us understand Comets and Planet X, we will look at
Scale of the Solar System
Amateur Astronomer Observations
To understand what comets are and we will look at some data from
Comet Wild 2, Comet Halley, Comet Tempel 1.
Missions to Comets by the “Stardust” and “Deep Impact” Probes.
We will look at the story of Comet Hale Bopp and the troubling way it was linked to an end of world prediction.
We will look at some past impact events on earth
The Tunguska Event of 1908
The Possible Decimation of England in 562AD by a Cometary or Asteroid Impact
A brief look The Feb 2013 Russian Chelyabinsk Meteor
The international Cassini-Huygens spacecraft was launched on October 15, 1997 and had a marathon 7-year 2-billion mile journey to the distant planet Saturn. The 23-foot tall, 14-foot wide, 6-ton spacecraft is the largest most sophisticated outer planet spacecraft ever built, and is in its third year of operation in orbit around the planet Saturn. Cassini-Huygens has been returning extraordinary data about the entire Saturn system: the spectacular rings; the numerous icy satellites with a variety of unique surface features; the giant planet itself; a huge magneto-sphere teeming with particles that interact with the rings and moons; and the intriguing moon Titan, which is slightly larger than the planet Mercury, and whose hazy atmosphere is denser than that of Earth. This talk will be an overview of the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn with a summary of the top science returns of its first three years in orbit.
The Minnesota Space Grant Consortium, run out of the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics at the University of Minnesota, hosts Trina Ray of NASA JPL on January 22, 2008.
Galaxy Forum USA 2016 - Prof Imke de Pater, UC BerkeleyILOAHawaii
Background:
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of ILOA, it is an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development around the world.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Stats:
Almost 70 Galaxy Forums, with a total of about 300 presentations to date.
Held in 26 locations worldwide including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Started with Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008 in Silicon Valley, California.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i.
Astronomy - State of the Art - ExoplanetsChris Impey
Astronomy - State of the Art is a course covering the hottest topics in astronomy. In this section, the dramatic discoveries of exoplanets or extra-solar planets are discussed.
We are in the middle of one of the most exciting moments in history of Astronomy and maybe of mankind. Any minute we will discover our next home. Learn more about the Exoplanet Revolution in this presentation that includes spectacular pictures.
In this presentation we will look at the
Data about Comets
Data about the alleged “Planet X”
Predictions about “The End of The World” – and a history of these predictions.
To help us understand Comets and Planet X, we will look at
Scale of the Solar System
Amateur Astronomer Observations
To understand what comets are and we will look at some data from
Comet Wild 2, Comet Halley, Comet Tempel 1.
Missions to Comets by the “Stardust” and “Deep Impact” Probes.
We will look at the story of Comet Hale Bopp and the troubling way it was linked to an end of world prediction.
We will look at some past impact events on earth
The Tunguska Event of 1908
The Possible Decimation of England in 562AD by a Cometary or Asteroid Impact
A brief look The Feb 2013 Russian Chelyabinsk Meteor
The international Cassini-Huygens spacecraft was launched on October 15, 1997 and had a marathon 7-year 2-billion mile journey to the distant planet Saturn. The 23-foot tall, 14-foot wide, 6-ton spacecraft is the largest most sophisticated outer planet spacecraft ever built, and is in its third year of operation in orbit around the planet Saturn. Cassini-Huygens has been returning extraordinary data about the entire Saturn system: the spectacular rings; the numerous icy satellites with a variety of unique surface features; the giant planet itself; a huge magneto-sphere teeming with particles that interact with the rings and moons; and the intriguing moon Titan, which is slightly larger than the planet Mercury, and whose hazy atmosphere is denser than that of Earth. This talk will be an overview of the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn with a summary of the top science returns of its first three years in orbit.
The Minnesota Space Grant Consortium, run out of the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics at the University of Minnesota, hosts Trina Ray of NASA JPL on January 22, 2008.
Galaxy Forum USA 2016 - Prof Imke de Pater, UC BerkeleyILOAHawaii
Background:
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of ILOA, it is an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development around the world.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Stats:
Almost 70 Galaxy Forums, with a total of about 300 presentations to date.
Held in 26 locations worldwide including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Started with Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008 in Silicon Valley, California.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i.
Astronomy - State of the Art - ExoplanetsChris Impey
Astronomy - State of the Art is a course covering the hottest topics in astronomy. In this section, the dramatic discoveries of exoplanets or extra-solar planets are discussed.
We are in the middle of one of the most exciting moments in history of Astronomy and maybe of mankind. Any minute we will discover our next home. Learn more about the Exoplanet Revolution in this presentation that includes spectacular pictures.
Session 8: A Celebration of the Spitzer Space Telescope - 5 Years and Counting
19 November 2008, Pasadena, California
http://www.astronautical.org/conference/conference-2008
Background
We can search for evidence of past, or even present, life forms within our own solar system, find
evidence of simple life on planets around other stars –- a planet where water could be present has
recently be found –- or even detect an intelligent signal from an alien civilization. The speaker was
a project scientist in the most sensitive search, Project Phoenix, ever undertaken. Sadly, no signals
were detected but a new 10 year search using two of the world’s largest radio telescopes is about
to begin and, during the next decade, a giant radio telescope, the Square Kilometer Array, will have
the sensitivity to detect alien signals from across the galaxy.
Apreciados Amigos de la Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía y de las Ciencias Espaciales en general. Reciban un cordial saludo. El sábado 8 de Junio de 2019 desde las 11:00 Am hasta las 1:00 PM. se tuvo la reunión de la Sociedad Julio Garavito en el Auditorio del Planetario de Medellín "Jesús Emilio Ramírez González"-Antioquia-Colombia con la Charla: EINSTEIN’S THEORY OF GENERAL RELATIVITY GRAVITATIONAL LENSING PHENOMENON SOBRAL (Brazil) – ISLA PRINCIPE OBSERVATION SITES OF TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE MAY 29, 1919" Por: Herman J. Mosquera Cuesta (PhD Astrophysics). Resumen: In this talk we will review the foundational physics arguments for the occurrence of the phenomenon of gravitational lensing as predicted by Einstein’s general theory of relativity (GTR). A short review of the Einstein’s equations formulated by 1915 and the successful observational confirmations of the theory, in particular the August 2017 spectacular direct detection of the spacetime curvature waves, i.e. gravitational waves, from merging of a neutron star binary, as seeing by LIGO and VIRGO gravitational-wave observatories. Some comments on Einstein’s pathway to predict such phenomenon will be offered, and the specific expression to short-hand computing the angular deviation of background stars around the Sun field of view, will be given. In the offing, we shall briefly digest on the overall implications of such an achievement on May 29, 1919 for our understanding of the universe we live in. https://www.slideshare.net/SociedadJu... Nota: Estas charlas promovidas por la Sociedad Julio Garavito son de entrada libre sin costo alguno. La Sociedad Julio Garavito agradece a los Directivos del Parque Explora por permitirle realizar sus reuniones quincenales que han sido tradicionales por más de 44 años en un lugar que se ha convertido en un referente de Ciencia, Ingeniería, Tecnología e Industria AeroEspacial en la Ciudad de Medellín. Por la atención prestada, muchas gracias. Sinceramente: Campo Elías Roldán. Director Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía Medellín-Antioquia COLOMBIA. sociedadjuliogaravito@gmail.com campoelias.roldan@gmail.com 3046633269
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Kako smo videli nevidljivo - od crne rupe do Nobelove nagrade za fiziku
1. Kako smo videli nevidljivo?
(od crne rupe do Nobelove nagrade za fiziku)
Milan Milošević
Departman za fiziku
Prirodno-matematički fakultet
Laboratorija za astronomiju, astrofiziku i astrobiologiju
PMF / Zoom, 27. septembar 2021
50 godina fizike, hemije i matematike na Univerzitetu u Nišu
2. Nobelova nagrada za fiziku
2020. godina
• Rodžer Penrouz (Roger Penrose)
Rođen 8. avgusta 1931. Engleski fizičar, matematičar, filozof
nauke. Prof. emeritus na Univerzitetu u Oksfordu.
• Rajnhard Gencel (Reinhard Genzel)
Rođen 24. marta 1952. Nemački astrofizičar, ko-direktor Maks
Plankovog institua za vanzemaljsku fiziku. Prof. emeritus na
Univerzitetu Berkley, Kalifornija.
• Andrea Gez (Andrea Ghez)
Rođena 16. juna 1965. Američka astronomkinja i profesorka na
Departmanu za fiziku i astronomiju na UCLA.
3. Šta je to crna rupa?
• Objekat čije je gravitaciono polje toliko jako da
nijedan oblik materije ili zračenja ne može da
„pobegne“ iz nje
• Prema opštoj teoriji relativnosti mesto u kome
je prostor-vreme beskonačno zakrivljeno
• Džon Viler (1967) prvi put pojam „crna rupa“
• Grafički opis ideje koja je stara 200+ godina
4. „Ne može da ’pobegne’ iz nje“?
Izvor: Answers magazine.
5. Šta je to crna rupa?
• Prva ideja: Džon Mičel, 1783. godine (Kembridž)
• Ako je zvezda dovoljno masivna i gusta; smatrao je da postoji mnogo
takvih zvezda ali ne mogu da se vide već samo detektuje efekat njihove
gravitacije
• Slična ideja: Pjer Laplas, nekoliko godina kasnije
• Smatrao da malo znamo o prirodi svetlosti da bi mogli da pretpostavimo
kako na nju deluje gravitacija i da nije sasvim na mestu izjednačiti
svetlost sa topovskom đuladi u Njutnovoj teoriji gravitacije, jer je
brzina svetlosti konstantna
• Albert Ajnštajn, novembar 1915. godine
• Opšta teorija relativnosti
6. Skretanje svetlosti
• Pomračenje Sunca: 29. maj 1919. godine
• Britanski astronomi Frenk Dajson i Artur Edington
• Zapadna Afrika, ostrvo Prinsipe
(manje od dva ostrva države Sao Tome i Prinsipe, 136 km2, danas 5000 stanovnika)
• Prva ideja o skretanju svetlosti: Johan Džordž fon Soldner (1801), iz Njutnove
gravitacije
• Prvi Ajnštajnovi proračuni (1911) – pogrešni (rezultati približni Njutnovoj teoriji)
• Pokušaj merenja pomračenje 1912. god. iz Brazila – oblačno!
• Očekivani rezultati – gravitaciono sočivo, skretanje 1,75 lučnih sekundi
(2 puta više od Njutnove teorije gravitacije)
8. Šta je to crna rupa?
• Nekoliko nedelja kasnije
• Karl Švarcšild – rešenja Ajnštajnovih jednačina koja
pokazuju kako masivna tela savijaju prostor-vreme.
• Kasnija istraživanja
• Crna rupa – okružena horizontom događaja
• Veća masa → veća crna rupa
• masa Sunca → prečnik horizonta događaja oko 3 km
• masa Zemlje → 9 mm
9. Kako nastaju crne rupe?
• Robert Openhajmer (1930)
• Prva izračunavanja – gravitacioni
kolaps masivnih zvezda
• Do 1960+ godine
• Smatrano da su ova rešenja samo
teorijske analize idealne situacije
(zvezda i crna rupa savršeno
sferne i simetrične)
• Rodžer Penrouz (1964)
• Prvo rešenje za realan slučaj
kolapsirajuće zvezde!
14. Prvi kandidat Cygnus X-1
• Dvojni sistem, najveći deo zračenja emituje u X
spektru
• Prvi kandidat Cygnus X-1
• Otkrili: Luis Vebster, Pol Murdin i Čarls Bolton (1972)
15. Sudar dve crne rupe…
… gravitacioni
talasi!
GW150914
Nobelova nagrada za fiziku, 2017. godina
18. Sudar dve neutronske
zvezde
• Gravitacioni talasi
• GW170817
• GW170814
• GW170104
• GW151226
• GW150914
• ….
• Nobelova nagrada iz fizike
• za 2017. godinu
24. Kako vidimo crnu rupu?
Izvor: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Jeremy Schnittman
https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13326
25. A može i ovako…
• Simulacija crne rupe objavljena 1979. godine
(autor Jean-Pierre Luminet)
26. Supermasivne crne rupe
• U centru skoro svih galaksija
• U Mlečnom putu – lokacija
Strelac A (najsnažniji radio
izvor u našoj galaksiji)
• Akrecija materije u SMBH je
proces odgovoran za
energiju kvazara i drugih
aktivnih galaksija
Vrsta Masa [𝑴⊙] Veličina
Supermasivna 105
− 1010 0,001 – 10 AJ
Srednjemasivna 102
− 105 103 km
Zvezdana < 102 30 km
Mikro ≪ 𝑀⊙ 0,1 mm
27. Kvazari?
• Quasi-stellar radio source
• Godina 1963 – objekat 3C273
• 2,5 milijardi svetlosnih godina
• Najbliži kvazar, prvi detektovan; najjsjajniji (VIS)
• Liče na zvezde, ali…
• Na 30 ly - sjajan kao Sunce
• Neophodan jak izvor svetlosti!
• Ubrzo nakon otkrića zaključak:
• Energija (svetlost) nastaje kad materija pada u
masivnu crnu rupu
HST Wide Field and Planetary camera;
HST Advance Survey Camera; Chandra X ray
28. Ne možemo da ih vidimo…
• … ali znamo da postoje
• Kretanje drugih objekata
• R. Gencel i A. Gez – nezavisne istraživačke grupe -
istraživanje centara Galaksije
• Oblak međuzvezdanog gasa zaklanja najveći deo VIS
zračenja iz centra
• IC i radio teleskopi omogućili pogled
• Posmatrali orbite zvezda – najubedljiviji dokazi za
postojanje nevidljivog supermasivnog objekta
29. Sagitarius A*
• Jak i kompaktan radio izvor u centru Galaksije
• Blizu granice sazvežđa Strelac i Škorpija
• Još od otkrića kvazara – pretpostavka SMBH u
centru velikih galaksija
• masa par miliona do nekoliko milijardu masa Sunca
• Centar galaksije Harlow Shapley (pre 100 god)
• Kasnije pokazano da je to Sag A*
• 1990+ god
• Projekti R. Gencel i A. Gez – posmatranje orbita
zvezda u centru Mlečnog puta
30. Teleskopi
• R. Gencel i grupa
• New Technology Telescope (La Silla mountain, Čile)
• Very Large Telescope facility, VLT (Čile)
• 4 teleskopa, najveći 8 metara (2 puta veći nego NTT)
• A. Genz i grupa
• Keck opservatorija (Havaji)
• Oko 10 metara (36 šestougaona segmenta)
31. Zvezde pričaju priču
• Ogromni teleskopi ali problem – atmosfera
• Adaptivna optika
• Istraživači pratili oko 30 sjajnih zvezda
• 1 svetlosni mesec oko centra
• velike brzine zvezda
• Veća rastojanja – stabilnije i „standrdnije“ orbite
• Zvezda S2
• Period 16 godina – mapirana cela orbita!
• (Sunce 200 miliona godina)
Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2020
32. Zvezde pričaju priču
• Odlično poklapanje rezultata
oba tima
• SMBH 4 miliona masa Sunca
• Oblast veličine Sunčevog sistema
• Možda je uskoro stvarno
„vidimo“…
33. Kako znamo da postoje?
• 𝐹𝑒 𝐾𝛼 linija u spektru
Fabian, A. C. 2006, AN, 327, 943
Tanaka et al, 1995, Nature, 375, 659
34. Kako znamo da postoje?
M. Milošević, M.A. Pursiainen, P. Jovanović, L.Č. Popović, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A. 33 (2018) 1845016.
P. Jovanović, New Astron. Rev. 56 (2012), pp. 37 - 48.
L. Popović, P. Jovanović, E. Mediavilla, A.F. Zakharov, C. Abajas, J.A. Munoz, G. Chartas, ApJ 637 (2006), pp. 620 - 630.
L. Popović, E.G. Mediavilla, P. Jovanović, J.A. Munoz,, A&A 398 (2003), pp. 975 - 982.
A. Čadež, C. Fanton, M. Calvani, New Astron. 3 (1998), pp. 647 - 654.
35. Galaksija M87
Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/IPAC/Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
36. Galaksija M87
• Daljina 52 miliona svetlosnih godina
• Dimenzije 125.000 x 100.000 s.g.
• Masa 2,6 ∙ 1012 𝑀⨀, 4,5 puta masivnija od
naše galaksije
• „jet“ (mlaz) 5.000 s.g.
• Ogroman broj zbijenih jata, 12.000; u
Mlečnom putu 150-200
37. Kako videti SMBH?
• Da bi kroz teleskop videli neki objekat potrebno
je da prividne dimenzije tog objekta budu veće
od razdvojne moći teleskopa
• Prosečne SMBH - otprilike 10x manja od
mikrolučne sekunde!
• Takvim teleskopom mogla da se vidi jabuka na
površini Meseca
sin 𝛼 = 1,22
𝜆
𝐷
𝛼 =
138
𝐷
Za male uglove i VIS, 𝜆 = 550 𝑛𝑚
𝐷 u milimetrima
39. Teleskop veličine Zemlje
• Takav optički teleskop ne postoji
• Radio teleskop, tačnije radio interferometar
• Početak 1946. godine
• 1970-tih mogućnost povezivanja prijema radio
signala iz celog sveta
• Povezivanje antena zamenilo sinhronizovano
spajanje snimljenih signala (korelacija)
Iztok Bončina/ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)
40. Teleskop veličine Zemlje
• Event Horizon Teleskop, radi od 2007. godine
• 8 radio teleskopa koji se nalaze na različitim kontinentima
• Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array
(ALMA) u Čileu, South Pole Telescope
(SPT) na Antarktiku, IRAM 30 metarski
teleskop u Španiji itd.
• Mreža EHT teleskopa. Žutom bojom
označene su stanice koje su korišćene
2017. i 2018. godine, crvenom oni
teleskopi koji više nisu u upotrebi,
zeleno su označeni teleskopi koji su
se kasnije uključili u mrežu
42. Teleskop veličine Zemlje
• Rastojanja 160 m do 10.700 km
• Posle nekoliko godina pauze EHT ponovo uključen
4. aprila 2017. godine, posmatranje završilo 11. aprila
• Snimali su na talasnoj dužini 1,3 mm
• Za 5 dana svaki teleskop 900 TB podataka
• Obični HDD – 85% otkazalo zbog niskog pritiska
(korišćeni diskovi punjeni helijumom i zatvoreni hermetički)
43. Mnogo podataka ☺
• 200+ istraživača
• ½ tone hard diskova
• Opservatorija Mauna
Kea
• Oko 700 TB podataka
• 8000 km od MIT
• 50.400 sekundi (kamion +
avion)
• Brzina: 14 gigabajta/s (tj.
112 gigabita/s)
• Najbrži internet: nekoliko
gigabita/s ☺
44. Big Data, AI, Mašinsko učenje
• Obrada i analize sačuvanih podataka pomoću
superračunara
• Max Planck institutu za radio astronomiju u Bonu,
Nemačka,
• MIT Haystack opservatoriji u SAD.
• Na ovakav način EHT
postiže oko 2000 puta
bolju rezoluciju od
teleskopa Habl.
45. “Žaba u bunaru”
– Odakle dolaziš?
– Dolazim iz okeana.
– Kakav je taj okean?
– Ogroman.
Krastača skoči pet centimetara.
– Je l’ ovako veliki?
– Ne! Mnogo veći!
Ona skoči do dvadeset centimetara.
– Ovoliko veliki?
– Još veći!
Krastača skoči do polovine bunara.
– Ovoliko?
– Ne!
Krastača pređe čitavo dno bunara.
– Ovoliko?
– Ne. Mnogo veći.
Potom krastača, uzviknuvši besno:
“Lažljivice!” – ujede žabu.
“Mistični kabare”, Alehandro Hodorovski
Žabu koja je živela u okeanu, iznenada izbaci talas i prebaci u bunar. Na dnu
bunara, ona srete krastaču, tu rođenu, koja nikada iz njega nije izašla. Druga
pita prvu:
46. Big Data, AI, Mašinsko učenje
• Obrada i analize sačuvanih podataka pomoću
superračunara
• Max Planck institutu za radio astronomiju u Bonu,
Nemačka,
• MIT Haystack opservatoriji u SAD.
• Na ovakav način EHT
postiže oko 2000 puta
bolju rezoluciju od
teleskopa Habl.
47. Big Data, AI, Mašinsko učenje
https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.01413
Katherine L. Bouman, Michael D. Johnson, Daniel Zoran, Vincent L. Fish, Sheperd S. Doeleman, William T.
Freeman, Computational Imaging for VLBI Image Reconstruction,
IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2016, pp. 913-922
48. CHIRP(Continuous High-resolution
Image Reconstruction using Patch priors)
https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.01413
Katherine
L.
Bouman,
Michael
D.
Johnson,
Daniel
Zoran,
Vincent
L.
Fish,
Sheperd
S.
Doeleman,
William
T.
Freeman,
Computational
Imaging
for
VLBI
Image
Reconstruction,
IEEE
Conference
on
Computer
Vision
and
Pattern
Recognition
(CVPR),
2016,
pp.
913-922
51. SMBH
• Serije “fotografija” snimane 5, 6, 10 i 11 aprila 2017.
godine, a svaka serija snimana je između 3 i 7 minuta.
• Jasno uočljiv sjajan prsten sa tamnom centralnom
oblašću.
• Prečnik prstena iznosi 42, a debljina manje od 20
mikro-lučnih sekundi.
• Upoređivanjem dobijenih fotografija sa simulacijama
dobijenim na osnovu magnetohidrodinamičke teorije
relativnosti (GRMHD) - tzv. Kerova crnoj rupi, tj.
nenaelektrisanoj crnoj rupi koja rotira oko centralne
ose.
• Procenjeno da horizont događaja ima dimenzije od 3,8
mikro-lučnih sekundi i da crna rupa rotira u smeru
kazaljke na satu.
53. Rad: C. Goddi et al. 2019, The Messenger, 177, 25
Izvor: https://blackholecam.org/eht-m87-eso-messenger177/
54. SMBH u M87
• Procena mase ove crne rupe, na osnovu ranijih
posmatranja, kretala se u intervalu od 3,5 do 7,22
milijarde masa Sunca
• Na osnovu posmatranja EHT procenjeno da masa prve
snimljene crne rupe iznosi 6,5 milijardi masa Sunca.
57. • dr Milan Milošević
Departman za fiziku
Prirodno-matematički fakultet
• mmilan@svetnauke.org
www.facebook.com/mmilan
www.linkedin.com/in/mmilann/
• Departman za fiziku PMF-a
http://fizika.pmf.ni.ac.rs
www.facebook.com/fizika.nis
• Astronomsko društvo Alfa
http://www.alfa.org.rs
www.facebook.com/alfa.nis
• Svet nauke
www.svetnauke.org
www.facebook.com/svetnauke.org
Pitanja…