This document discusses the potential uses of graphene in agriculture and food industries. It begins with definitions of graphene as a 2D hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms. It then discusses graphene's history, structure, and chemical reactivity due to its exposed edges. The document outlines several potential applications of graphene in agriculture, such as water treatment filters and enhancing seed germination. In food industries, graphene could improve food packaging to reduce waste and increase safety. It may also enable cheaper and better food processing. The document concludes with advantages like energy storage and conductivity, and disadvantages including toxicity and lack of a bandgap.

2. Topic:
Potential of Graphene in
Agriculture & Food Industry

3. Contents
1. Definition
2. History
3. Structure
4. Chemical reactivity
5.Applications
6. Potential / use in agriculture
7. Potential / use in food industry
8. Advantages
9. Disadvantages
10.References

4. Definition of graphene
Graphene is an allotrope of carbon in the
form of a two-dimensional, atomic-scale,
hexagonal lattice in which one atom forms
each vertex. It is the basic structural element
of other allotropes, including graphite,
charcoal, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes.

5. History of graphene
The theory of graphene was first explored by Wallace in
1947 as a starting point for understanding the electronic
properties of 3D graphite.
Detailed study on few-layer graphite dates to 1962
when Boehm reported producing monolayer flakes of
reduced graphene.
By 2017, 13 years after creation of the first laboratory
graphene electronic device, an integrated graphene
electronics chip was produced commercially and marketed
to pharmaceutical researchers by Nanomedical Diagnostics
in San Diego.

6. Structure of graphene
.

7. Chemical reactivity of
graphene
1. Graphene is the only form of carbon in which every
atom is available for chemical reaction from two sides
(due to the 2D structure).
2. Atoms at the edges of a graphene sheet have
special chemical reactivity. Graphene has the highest
ratio of edge atoms of any allotrope.

8. Applications of graphene
Graphene is a transparent and flexible
conductor that is used in solar cells, light-
emitting diodes (LED), touch panels and smart
windows or phones.
For example, Graphene-based touch panel
modules produced by a China-based company
have been sold in volume to cell phone,
wearable device and home appliance
manufacturers.
Graphene supercapacitors serve as energy
storage alternative to traditional electrolytic
batteries.

9. Potential/Uses in Agriculture
1. Suitable for water treatment: Graphene can
be used as a component in water filters. Such
filters may increase the water supply for
agriculture by making water treatment, such as
desalination.

10. 2. Graphene help to check the amount of
pesticides and insecticides.
3.Enhancing seed germination:
Graphene at a low concentration affected tomato
seed germination and seedling growth.
Graphene-treated seeds germinated much faster
than control seeds.
4. Detection for crop:
Graphene sensors will improve the speed and
quality of detection for crop, food, and water
testing.

11. 7.Ultrafiltration: Graphene is developed to be
used in water filtration systems, desalination
systems and efficient and economically more
viable biofuel creation.
8.Contaminant removal: Graphene is used to
remove contaminants in water and soil. The One
form of graphene is much able to remove
contaminants and that is graphene oxide.

12. Potential Uses in food
industry
1. Improved food packaging: Graphene can be
used to create improved food packaging, which
could help reduce food waste and increase food
safety.
2. Food safety: Flexible, transparent, and moisture
impermeable materials are critical for packaging
applications in the food industry. Packaging can
lengthen the life of a food product by incorporating
a layer of graphene that substantially reduces
permeability.
3. Cheapen food processing: Graphene helps in
food processing that is cheaper and with improved
quality.

13. 4. Graphene role in food quality:

14. 5. Detection of pesticides: Use of these chemicals
has proved very effective, but several concomitant
risks remain . So graphene is there to overcome this
problem.
6.Anti- Bacterial: In 2010, the Chinese Academy of
Sciences has found that sheets of graphene’s form
that is graphe`ne oxide and is highly effective at
killing bacteria such as Escherichia coli.

15. Advantages of graphene
1. Storing Hydrogen for fuel cell powered cars.
2. It is a superb conductor of both heat and
electricity.
3. It is used in the production of high speed
electronic devices responsible for fast
technological changes.
4. Chemical sensors effective at detecting
explosives.
5. Membranes for more efficient separation of
gases. These membranes are made from sheets
from which Nano scale pores have been
created.

16. Disadvantages of graphene
1. Being a great conductor of electricity,
although it doesn’t have a band gap (can’t be
switched off). Scientists are working on
rectifying this.
2. The main disadvantage of graphene as a
catalyst is its susceptibility to oxidative
environments.
3. Research has proven that graphene exhibits
some toxic qualities.
4. Scientists discovered that graphene
features jagged edges that can easily pierce
cell membranes, allowing it to enter into the
cell and disrupt normal functions.

17. References
1. "graphene definition, meaning – what is graphene in the British
English Dictionary & Thesaurus – Cambridge Dictionaries Online".
cambridge.org.
2. "Definition of graphene noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's
Dictionary“.
3. Kusmartsev, F. V.; Wu, W. M.; Pierpoint, M. P.; Yung, K. C. (2014).
"Application of Graphene within Optoelectronic Devices and
Transistors".
4. "Graphene Gazing Gives Glimpse Of Foundations Of Universe".
ScienceDaily. 4 April 2008.
5. Denis, P. A.; Iribarne, F. (2013). "Comparative Study of Defect
Reactivity in Graphene". Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 117 (37):
19048–19055.
6. Begurn P, Ikhtiari R, Fugetsu B (2011) Graphene phytotoxicity in
the seedling stage of cabbage, tomato, red spinach, and lettuce. Carbon
49:3907–3919.