Graphene is a single-atom thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice. It is the thinnest material known and is extremely strong and lightweight. Graphene has many potential applications due to its exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity as well as its mechanical properties. Some potential uses of graphene include use in optoelectronics, energy storage devices like supercapacitors, biomedical devices, and aerospace technology due to its strength and lightweight properties. Major companies are researching applications of graphene which could revolutionize many industries by 2030 and lead to a graphene-based world.

1. Jayasubin.J
EEE 3rd year

2.  A single thin layer of pure carbon.
 Single, tightly packed layer of carbon atoms.
 Bonded together in a hexagonal honeycomb
lattice.
 It is the thinnest compound known to man at
one atom thick.

4.  Graphite-commonly used everyday.
 Pencil lead that makes grey markings.
 Both materials are made of carbon atoms.
 Graphite has multiple layers of carbon, while
graphene has only a single layer.
 Basically, graphite is made by multiple layers
of graphene itself.

5. Multilayer graphene (Graphite)

6.  The first successful way of producing
graphene was by mechanical exfoliation
(adhesive method).
 The most common way to create graphene
is by chemical vapour deposition (CVD).
 Method of using heat to reduce graphite oxide
to graphene is famous due to the minimal cost
of production.

7.  The most simple method of creating
graphene is by adhesive separation- the way
they invented.
 It needs a substrate to be grown. Commonly
used substrate is polysilicon layer and
method used is cathode vapour deposition
(CVD).

8.  Thickness: 0.452 nm .
 It is the strongest material ever discovered,
with an ultimate tensile strength of
130,000,000,000 Pascals
 About 130 times strong, compared with steel
(1,860,000,000 pascals)
 Transparent and very much light in weight.

9. Graphene layer, grown on polysilicon sheet

10.  Graphene has very high electrical conductivity.
 Experimentally verified mobility:
15,000 cm2.v-1.s-1
 The highly-mobile electrons are called π
electrons and located between the
graphene sheet.
 The electronic properties are decided by the
bonding and anti-bonding of pi orbitals.

12.  Honda shows interest in graphene!
 Kia and Hyundai are interested in research!
 Samsung researches with graphene!
 Even I had interest on it and started reading!
 D’You wanna know why?

13.  The amazing properties of graphene, means
that it can be integrated into a huge number of
applications, such as:
 Optoelectronics,
 Energy storage,
 Electrode for chemical cells,
 Bioengineering,
 Ultrafiltration.

14.  Optoelectronics in daily life are,
touchscreens, LCDs, OLEDs, and more.
 Graphene transmits 97.7% of light and also
highly conductive, compared to IndiumTin
Oxide(ITO).
 So, graphene would work very well in
optoelectronic devices.

15.  Batteries occupy huge space and long
charging time.
 Supercapacitors are used instead of batteries
in weight-sensitive equipment.
 The charge stored by these capacitors
depends on the surface area of material
exposed to input voltage.
 So, activated carbon is used nowadays.

16.  Graphene can be used instead of activated
carbon in supercapacitors.
 As it has relatively more surface area than
activated carbon.
 Graphene capacitor is 3.6 times better than
activated carbon-based capacitors.
 Carbon supercapacitors: 150 F/gram.
 Graphene supercapacitors: 550 F/gram.

17.  The more the surface area, the faster is ion
transfer rate in electrochemical cells.
 Conventional carbon electrodes are less
efficient, because of less surface area.
 As said earlier, graphene has very large area
per unit mass.
 Graphene electrodes doped with boron
atoms, give high charging rates.

18.  Graphene allows water to pass through, but
acts as a barrier to other particles.
 Standard pore size is 30-40 nm(Al2O3), but
researchers at columbia university made pore
size 5 nm using graphene.
 Graphene is less brittle, so ultrafiltration can
be carried out in low pressure.

19.  Properties of graphene suggest that it can
revolutionize biomedicals.
 Graphene can be used in making fast and
efficient biomedical sensory devices.
 Due to molecular arrangement and
biomedical compatibility, it can be
successfully used in treatments to diseases
like cancer

21.  Carbon fibre is used in aerospace technology,
due to high strength and light weight.
 Graphene, being more stiff, strong, and even
lighter, is a material of interest for aerospace
researchers.
 This material is also expected to be used in
military-grade shielding.

22. By the way it goes, one can say, the
future is based on graphene. It has good
scope in almost every discipline of science,
man has created. It is estimated that, by
2030, we will be living in a graphene-based
world.

24. THANKYOU