Graphene is a one-atom thick sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. It is the strongest material known and has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. There are two main methods to synthesize graphene - mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition. Mechanical exfoliation uses adhesive tape to peel off layers of graphene from graphite, while chemical vapor deposition grows a graphene layer on a copper substrate by decomposing methane gas at high temperatures. Graphene has many potential applications due to its unique properties, but large-scale production remains a challenge that must be overcome for widespread commercial use.

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DONE BY:-
P.V.SREEGEETH VARSHA
18101248
SEMINAR
ON

2. Content
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Synthesis
Advantages and disadvantages
Companies in the Graphene Space
Applications
Conclusion
1) Introduction
2)Properties of Graphene
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8) Reference

3. INTRODUCTION
• Graphene is a one-atom-thick planar
sheet of carbon atoms.
• Graphite itself consists of many
graphene sheets stacked together.
• It is an allotrope of carbon that are
packed in a honeycomb crystal
lattice.
• Graphene is thin, transparent and
flexible substance.
• It is the strongest material ever
discovered. 3

4. PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE
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 C-C bond length is about 0.142nm.
 High tensile strength about 130GPa.
 It is 200 times stronger than steel.
 Graphene absorbs 2.3% of white light; i.e. it is almost
transparent.
 It is Very light material i.e. 0.77mg/sq. m which is 1000
times lighter than same size of paper.
 It is Hexagonal structural element of carbon allotropes.
 Graphene is the highly conductive material than silver and
copper.

5. GRAPHEN : SYNTHESIS
Two basic technique used are :
1. MECHANICAL EXFOLIATION (ME)
2. CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITON(CVD)
Graphene layer formed using Scotch tape(ME)
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6. 1. MECHANICAL EXFOLIATION (ME):
Mechanical exfoliation separates different layers of graphene from a
graphite. Adhesive tape is pressed onto the graphite and peeled away
when some layers stick to the surface.This tape is pressed onto the
surface of the target substrate. The tape is peeled off when the layer stick
to the target surface.
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7. 2.CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION :
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Chemical vapour deposition is a well known process in
which a substrate is exposed to gaseous compounds. These
compounds decompose on the surface in order to grow a
thinfilm . Graphene can be grown by exposing the copper
foil to a gas i.e.CH4 at about 1000°C.The methane
decomposes on the surface, so that the hydrogen
evaporates. The carbon diffuses into cu foil. After cooling
down in an atmosphere, a graphene layer grows on the
surface. These graphene layers can be transferred via
polymer support, which will be attached onto the top of the
graphene. After etching the copper, the graphene can be
stamped onto the required substrate and the polymer
support gets peeled off.

8. 1000°C
CH4 CONCENTRIC TUBE
c
H2
CABON IS DEPOSITED OVER
THE CU. FOIL
Absence of
Air
Cooling with N2
GRAPHEN IN CU. FOIL
H2
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Flow
sheet

9. 9Fig. chemical vapour deposition

10. HOW CVD IS DONE
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13. ADVANTAGES
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 High heat conductivity, greater than copper and silver.
 No heat loss or it gives 100% output.
 It is transparent and lighter material.
 Stronger than diamond & steel.
 Can make very light weight parts for auto bodies.
 Used to make batteries that recharge faster as compare to lithium-
ion battery.

14. DISADVANTAGES
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 Single sheet of graphene is hard to produce.
 Research has proven that graphene exhibits some toxic.

15. Companies in the Graphene Space
NAME OF COMPANIES
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MKT CAPACITY
34m Pound
E800m
$61m
$1bn
E43m
$100m
Applied Graphene Material Ltd. UK
Aixtron SE, Germany
CVD Equipment Corp., US
Graftech International, New York
Graphene Nanochem , UK
Dongxu Optoelectronics, Beijing
Talga Resources Ltd .,US
$40m

16. • Solar panels
• Water purifiction
• Graphene battery
• Super Capacitors
• Automobile sector
• Composites material for cars, airplanes, space shuttles, satellite.
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18. CONCLUSION
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1. The quality and availability of “Synthetic graphene”
will continue to improve.
2. Science must have ample access to improve graphene
material & integrate it to the present day gadgets.

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