This word presentation is prepared for DIET Daryaganj ETE trainees while keeping in view their Health and Physical Education curriculum and they are free to use this presentation in anyway as they like.
The document discusses the importance of postural analysis in physiotherapy. It defines posture as a dynamic pattern of reflexes, habits, and responses to resist gravity and other challenges. Poor posture develops from genetics, injuries, jobs, aging, and other factors and can lead to injuries. Assessing posture is important for treatment and includes visual observation, measurements, and advanced methods. While posture may be associated with pain, much of poor posture results from long-term biological adaptation that is difficult to change. Earlier evaluation and correction of posture can help maintain fitness and physical capability.
The document discusses posture, including the development and curvature of the spine, definition of normal and poor posture, types of posture, advantages of good posture, causes of poor posture, and evaluation of posture. It defines normal posture and outlines how to analyze posture from the front, back, and side views by examining spinal curves, pelvic tilt, leg alignment, and other factors. Deviations from normal alignment like kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis are also described.
This document provides an introduction to linear kinematics. It discusses key linear kinematic variables like distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. It defines these variables and the units used to measure them. It also describes the difference between scalar and vector quantities as they relate to motion. Examples of single-point and multi-segment models for describing motion are provided. Equations for calculating speed, velocity, and acceleration from changes in distance, displacement, and time are shown. Projectile motion is also summarized, including the independent vertical and horizontal components of projectile motion.
This document discusses recovery and fatigue in athletes. It describes different types of fatigue including muscular fatigue caused by fuel depletion and buildup of metabolic byproducts. It also discusses how increased body temperature and dehydration can lead to fatigue. Recovery processes are outlined including active recovery, rest, replenishing energy stores, rehydration, and various therapies like hydrotherapy, cryotherapy, massage and specialists who can aid recovery. Ethical considerations in sport medicine are also mentioned.
Posture is a “position or attitude of the body a relative arrangement of body part
for a specific activity or a characteristic manner of bearing the body”.
This document discusses correct and bad postures of standing and sitting. It defines good posture and explains concepts of correct posture. Advantages of correct posture include physical appearance, graceful movement, fitness, and disease prevention. Causes of bad posture include improper diet, accidents, fatigue, and lack of exercise. Common postural deformities are spinal curvature, flat foot, knock knees, bow legs, and round shoulders. The document concludes by describing physical exercises that can help correct different postural issues.
Anil Dahiya ... PPT on chapter-6 Test & Measurement in SportsANIL DAHIYA
This document provides information about various fitness tests used to measure motor abilities, cardiovascular fitness, and flexibility in sports and for senior citizens. It describes tests that measure general motor abilities like the standing broad jump, zig zag run, and medicine ball throw. It also explains how to administer tests of cardiovascular fitness like the Harvard step test and Rockport test. Finally, it outlines the six tests that make up the Rikli and Jones senior fitness test battery: chair stand, arm curl, chair sit and reach, back scratch, eight foot up and go, and the six minute walk.
Plyometric training involves explosive exercises that use the stretch-shortening cycle of muscles to improve speed, strength, and power. It works by elastic energy being stored in tendons and muscles during eccentric contractions and released during subsequent concentric contractions. A proper plyometric program considers factors like exercise mode, intensity, frequency, volume, progression over time, and safety precautions. Short-term plyometric training of 2-3 sessions per week for 4-16 weeks can improve athletic performance measures like jump height, sprinting, and agility.
The document discusses the importance of postural analysis in physiotherapy. It defines posture as a dynamic pattern of reflexes, habits, and responses to resist gravity and other challenges. Poor posture develops from genetics, injuries, jobs, aging, and other factors and can lead to injuries. Assessing posture is important for treatment and includes visual observation, measurements, and advanced methods. While posture may be associated with pain, much of poor posture results from long-term biological adaptation that is difficult to change. Earlier evaluation and correction of posture can help maintain fitness and physical capability.
The document discusses posture, including the development and curvature of the spine, definition of normal and poor posture, types of posture, advantages of good posture, causes of poor posture, and evaluation of posture. It defines normal posture and outlines how to analyze posture from the front, back, and side views by examining spinal curves, pelvic tilt, leg alignment, and other factors. Deviations from normal alignment like kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis are also described.
This document provides an introduction to linear kinematics. It discusses key linear kinematic variables like distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. It defines these variables and the units used to measure them. It also describes the difference between scalar and vector quantities as they relate to motion. Examples of single-point and multi-segment models for describing motion are provided. Equations for calculating speed, velocity, and acceleration from changes in distance, displacement, and time are shown. Projectile motion is also summarized, including the independent vertical and horizontal components of projectile motion.
This document discusses recovery and fatigue in athletes. It describes different types of fatigue including muscular fatigue caused by fuel depletion and buildup of metabolic byproducts. It also discusses how increased body temperature and dehydration can lead to fatigue. Recovery processes are outlined including active recovery, rest, replenishing energy stores, rehydration, and various therapies like hydrotherapy, cryotherapy, massage and specialists who can aid recovery. Ethical considerations in sport medicine are also mentioned.
Posture is a “position or attitude of the body a relative arrangement of body part
for a specific activity or a characteristic manner of bearing the body”.
This document discusses correct and bad postures of standing and sitting. It defines good posture and explains concepts of correct posture. Advantages of correct posture include physical appearance, graceful movement, fitness, and disease prevention. Causes of bad posture include improper diet, accidents, fatigue, and lack of exercise. Common postural deformities are spinal curvature, flat foot, knock knees, bow legs, and round shoulders. The document concludes by describing physical exercises that can help correct different postural issues.
Anil Dahiya ... PPT on chapter-6 Test & Measurement in SportsANIL DAHIYA
This document provides information about various fitness tests used to measure motor abilities, cardiovascular fitness, and flexibility in sports and for senior citizens. It describes tests that measure general motor abilities like the standing broad jump, zig zag run, and medicine ball throw. It also explains how to administer tests of cardiovascular fitness like the Harvard step test and Rockport test. Finally, it outlines the six tests that make up the Rikli and Jones senior fitness test battery: chair stand, arm curl, chair sit and reach, back scratch, eight foot up and go, and the six minute walk.
Plyometric training involves explosive exercises that use the stretch-shortening cycle of muscles to improve speed, strength, and power. It works by elastic energy being stored in tendons and muscles during eccentric contractions and released during subsequent concentric contractions. A proper plyometric program considers factors like exercise mode, intensity, frequency, volume, progression over time, and safety precautions. Short-term plyometric training of 2-3 sessions per week for 4-16 weeks can improve athletic performance measures like jump height, sprinting, and agility.
Habitual physical activity provides numerous health benefits including improved cardiovascular function, reduced risk of heart disease and stroke, enhanced muscle function, increased bone density, weight management, and protection against diabetes. Therapeutic exercises include range of motion, resistance training, aerobic exercise, flexibility exercises, and techniques like proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation to address specific medical conditions and injuries. Contraindications for exercise include certain cardiovascular conditions and acute illnesses.
This document discusses periodization in athletic training. Periodization involves dividing annual training into phases (micro, meso, and macro cycles) with targeted overloads and recoveries. The micro cycle lasts up to 7 days and focuses on intensity. The meso cycle is 2 weeks to months and allows effects of micro cycles to accumulate. The macro cycle represents a year or more and includes preparatory, competitive, and transitional periods designed around peaks. Periodization optimizes performance while preventing injuries and overtraining by systematically planning training over various time periods.
Posture - a perquisite for functional abilities in daily life. Posture is a combination of anatomy and physiology with inherent application of bio-mechanics and kinematics. Sitting, standing, walking are all functional activities depending on the ability of the body to support that posture to carry out each activity. Injuries and pathologies either postural or structural can massively change the bio-mechanics of posture and thus affect functional abilities.
knowledge about kinesiology and biomechanics.pdfEgonMoshi
The document discusses kinesiology and biomechanics, defining them as the study of human motion and the application of mechanical principles to living organisms respectively. It also covers the importance of biomechanics in physical education, describing how knowledge of biomechanics can help with understanding sports performance, improving motor skills, preventing injuries, and more. Joint movements, planes of motion, centers of gravity, and equilibrium are also introduced.
Physiotherapy for Physical Education traineesrkalidasan
The document discusses various physiotherapy techniques including hydrotherapy, cryotherapy, thermotherapy, and contrast baths. It provides details on:
- Hydrotherapy uses water applications including baths, jets, and massage to improve circulation and relieve pain.
- Cryotherapy uses cold applications like ice packs to reduce swelling, pain, and muscle spasm from injuries.
- Thermotherapy applies heat through hot packs, ultrasound, or baths to increase blood flow, reduce stiffness and pain.
- Contrast baths alternate soaking in hot and cold water to decrease pain and swelling from injuries or restricted blood flow.
Dear all,
This ppt includes the acute and chronic effect of exercise on different body system which includes musculoskeletal systems, cardiovascular systems, respiratory system, endocrive system, psychological effects etc. I hope this is helpful for you.
Thank you
This document discusses principles of therapeutic exercise and its physiological effects. It defines therapeutic exercise as movement prescribed to correct impairments and restore function. It outlines common training principles like overload and specificity. It describes the physiological effects of exercise on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal systems. Exercise causes acute effects like increased cardiac output and blood flow to muscles. It causes chronic adaptations like muscle fiber hypertrophy and increased bone mineral density. The document provides an overview of therapeutic exercise interventions and their impact on the disablement process.
This document discusses posture and postural alignment. It defines posture and describes the development of spinal curvature from birth. Good posture is defined as a position with stability, balance and minimal effort. Poor posture results from deviations from good alignment. Factors like muscles, nerves, reflexes and the central nervous system contribute to postural control. Techniques for assessing and correcting posture include exercises, stretching, strengthening, taping and myofascial release. Maintaining mobility, muscle balance and retraining awareness can help improve poor posture.
Biomechanics is the scientific study of the mechanics of living beings, specifically focusing on the musculoskeletal system. It is the application of mechanical principles to movement of the human body. Biomechanics can be divided into kinematic (descriptive analysis of motion) and kinetic (causal analysis considering forces) categories. The key components of the musculoskeletal system that biomechanics analyzes are bones, joints, and muscles.
Training load must be optimized to improve performance but is difficult to precisely measure. There are objective and subjective methods to assess training load. Objectively, factors like heart rate, body weight, oxygen consumption, and biochemical changes can be monitored. Subjectively, a coach observes external symptoms like behavior, skin color, sweating, respiration rate, and pain to judge load based on their experience. The optimal training load depends on the athlete's level, from lower volume once daily for beginners to higher volume twice daily for advanced athletes.
Kinetics and Kinematics of Gait summarizes gait terminology, phases, joint motion, determinants, and the kinetics and kinematics of the trunk and upper extremities during gait. It describes the six determinants of gait including pelvic rotation and tilting, knee flexion in stance, and foot and knee mechanisms which function to minimize center of gravity displacement. The document also outlines the muscle activity, internal joint moments, and energy requirements including potential and kinetic energy exchange during the gait cycle.
A 100% free course for passionated cyclists, trainers, coaches, bikefitters that want to apply a scientific know-how on bike fittings and pedalling style evaluation to enhance performance and comfort
Yoga is an ancient practice that harmonizes the physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of an individual. It originated in India over 5,000 years ago. The aim of yoga is to bring balance to the body and mind through poses, breathing, and meditation techniques. There are eight basic elements of yoga, including poses, breathing exercises, and meditation. Yoga and physiotherapy both use similar techniques and positions to improve strength, flexibility, and function of the body. Practicing yoga can provide therapeutic benefits for conditions like hypertension, asthma, back pain, and more.
Sports medicine deals with physical fitness and injury prevention for athletes. The sports medicine team includes physicians, surgeons, athletic trainers, physical therapists, and coaches who work together to prepare athletes for optimal performance while maintaining safety. Sports injuries can be acute from trauma or overuse from repetitive motions. They affect soft tissues like muscles and ligaments as well as hard tissues like bones. The causes of injuries can be intrinsic factors like anatomy and age or extrinsic factors like training errors, equipment issues, environment, nutrition, and psychology.
The document defines and describes various aspects of resistance exercises. It discusses types of muscle contractions like isotonic, isometric and eccentric. It explains principles of resistance training like overload and specificity. It describes adaptations to resistance training including neural, muscular and bone changes. Determinants of resistance training programs are outlined including intensity, time, volume and periodization. Guidelines for progressive resistance exercises and precautions are provided.
Posture is maintained through a combination of muscle tone and reflexes. The muscles that maintain posture contain a high proportion of slow-twitch fibers to allow for sustained contraction. Postural reflexes integrate inputs from proprioceptors, the vestibular system and visual system to make continuous corrections to muscle activity and maintain balance. The spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum are involved in regulating these reflexes. Upright human posture relies on minimal muscle activity but reflex adjustments of antigravity muscles in response to sway to oppose the effects of gravity.
Human posture is influenced by mechanical, anatomical, and physiological factors. A good posture protects the body from injury by maintaining balanced alignment. It differs between individuals based on their body type and environment. Posture is dynamic and changes with body position and movement throughout life. It involves control systems to counteract gravity and stabilize body segments during both static and dynamic activities.
Habitual physical activity provides numerous health benefits including improved cardiovascular function, reduced risk of heart disease and stroke, enhanced muscle function, increased bone density, weight management, and protection against diabetes. Therapeutic exercises include range of motion, resistance training, aerobic exercise, flexibility exercises, and techniques like proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation to address specific medical conditions and injuries. Contraindications for exercise include certain cardiovascular conditions and acute illnesses.
This document discusses periodization in athletic training. Periodization involves dividing annual training into phases (micro, meso, and macro cycles) with targeted overloads and recoveries. The micro cycle lasts up to 7 days and focuses on intensity. The meso cycle is 2 weeks to months and allows effects of micro cycles to accumulate. The macro cycle represents a year or more and includes preparatory, competitive, and transitional periods designed around peaks. Periodization optimizes performance while preventing injuries and overtraining by systematically planning training over various time periods.
Posture - a perquisite for functional abilities in daily life. Posture is a combination of anatomy and physiology with inherent application of bio-mechanics and kinematics. Sitting, standing, walking are all functional activities depending on the ability of the body to support that posture to carry out each activity. Injuries and pathologies either postural or structural can massively change the bio-mechanics of posture and thus affect functional abilities.
knowledge about kinesiology and biomechanics.pdfEgonMoshi
The document discusses kinesiology and biomechanics, defining them as the study of human motion and the application of mechanical principles to living organisms respectively. It also covers the importance of biomechanics in physical education, describing how knowledge of biomechanics can help with understanding sports performance, improving motor skills, preventing injuries, and more. Joint movements, planes of motion, centers of gravity, and equilibrium are also introduced.
Physiotherapy for Physical Education traineesrkalidasan
The document discusses various physiotherapy techniques including hydrotherapy, cryotherapy, thermotherapy, and contrast baths. It provides details on:
- Hydrotherapy uses water applications including baths, jets, and massage to improve circulation and relieve pain.
- Cryotherapy uses cold applications like ice packs to reduce swelling, pain, and muscle spasm from injuries.
- Thermotherapy applies heat through hot packs, ultrasound, or baths to increase blood flow, reduce stiffness and pain.
- Contrast baths alternate soaking in hot and cold water to decrease pain and swelling from injuries or restricted blood flow.
Dear all,
This ppt includes the acute and chronic effect of exercise on different body system which includes musculoskeletal systems, cardiovascular systems, respiratory system, endocrive system, psychological effects etc. I hope this is helpful for you.
Thank you
This document discusses principles of therapeutic exercise and its physiological effects. It defines therapeutic exercise as movement prescribed to correct impairments and restore function. It outlines common training principles like overload and specificity. It describes the physiological effects of exercise on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal systems. Exercise causes acute effects like increased cardiac output and blood flow to muscles. It causes chronic adaptations like muscle fiber hypertrophy and increased bone mineral density. The document provides an overview of therapeutic exercise interventions and their impact on the disablement process.
This document discusses posture and postural alignment. It defines posture and describes the development of spinal curvature from birth. Good posture is defined as a position with stability, balance and minimal effort. Poor posture results from deviations from good alignment. Factors like muscles, nerves, reflexes and the central nervous system contribute to postural control. Techniques for assessing and correcting posture include exercises, stretching, strengthening, taping and myofascial release. Maintaining mobility, muscle balance and retraining awareness can help improve poor posture.
Biomechanics is the scientific study of the mechanics of living beings, specifically focusing on the musculoskeletal system. It is the application of mechanical principles to movement of the human body. Biomechanics can be divided into kinematic (descriptive analysis of motion) and kinetic (causal analysis considering forces) categories. The key components of the musculoskeletal system that biomechanics analyzes are bones, joints, and muscles.
Training load must be optimized to improve performance but is difficult to precisely measure. There are objective and subjective methods to assess training load. Objectively, factors like heart rate, body weight, oxygen consumption, and biochemical changes can be monitored. Subjectively, a coach observes external symptoms like behavior, skin color, sweating, respiration rate, and pain to judge load based on their experience. The optimal training load depends on the athlete's level, from lower volume once daily for beginners to higher volume twice daily for advanced athletes.
Kinetics and Kinematics of Gait summarizes gait terminology, phases, joint motion, determinants, and the kinetics and kinematics of the trunk and upper extremities during gait. It describes the six determinants of gait including pelvic rotation and tilting, knee flexion in stance, and foot and knee mechanisms which function to minimize center of gravity displacement. The document also outlines the muscle activity, internal joint moments, and energy requirements including potential and kinetic energy exchange during the gait cycle.
A 100% free course for passionated cyclists, trainers, coaches, bikefitters that want to apply a scientific know-how on bike fittings and pedalling style evaluation to enhance performance and comfort
Yoga is an ancient practice that harmonizes the physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of an individual. It originated in India over 5,000 years ago. The aim of yoga is to bring balance to the body and mind through poses, breathing, and meditation techniques. There are eight basic elements of yoga, including poses, breathing exercises, and meditation. Yoga and physiotherapy both use similar techniques and positions to improve strength, flexibility, and function of the body. Practicing yoga can provide therapeutic benefits for conditions like hypertension, asthma, back pain, and more.
Sports medicine deals with physical fitness and injury prevention for athletes. The sports medicine team includes physicians, surgeons, athletic trainers, physical therapists, and coaches who work together to prepare athletes for optimal performance while maintaining safety. Sports injuries can be acute from trauma or overuse from repetitive motions. They affect soft tissues like muscles and ligaments as well as hard tissues like bones. The causes of injuries can be intrinsic factors like anatomy and age or extrinsic factors like training errors, equipment issues, environment, nutrition, and psychology.
The document defines and describes various aspects of resistance exercises. It discusses types of muscle contractions like isotonic, isometric and eccentric. It explains principles of resistance training like overload and specificity. It describes adaptations to resistance training including neural, muscular and bone changes. Determinants of resistance training programs are outlined including intensity, time, volume and periodization. Guidelines for progressive resistance exercises and precautions are provided.
Posture is maintained through a combination of muscle tone and reflexes. The muscles that maintain posture contain a high proportion of slow-twitch fibers to allow for sustained contraction. Postural reflexes integrate inputs from proprioceptors, the vestibular system and visual system to make continuous corrections to muscle activity and maintain balance. The spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum are involved in regulating these reflexes. Upright human posture relies on minimal muscle activity but reflex adjustments of antigravity muscles in response to sway to oppose the effects of gravity.
Human posture is influenced by mechanical, anatomical, and physiological factors. A good posture protects the body from injury by maintaining balanced alignment. It differs between individuals based on their body type and environment. Posture is dynamic and changes with body position and movement throughout life. It involves control systems to counteract gravity and stabilize body segments during both static and dynamic activities.
This document defines cerebral palsy as a heterogeneous group of motor and posture disorders caused by damage to the developing brain. Common causes include cerebral malformations, infections, prenatal stroke, multiple pregnancies, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Cerebral palsy is typically nonprogressive but clinical manifestations may change with brain development. Types include spastic, dyskinetic, hypotonic, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy. Problems commonly associated with cerebral palsy are mental retardation, learning disabilities, seizures, feeding and gastrointestinal issues, and behavioral/emotional problems.
This document discusses various modes of renal replacement therapy, including hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and renal transplantation. It provides details on how and when each therapy is used to treat both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Hemodialysis is the most common treatment for acute kidney injury and involves removing waste through a dialyzer via vascular access points. Peritoneal dialysis utilizes the peritoneal membrane through a catheter and frequent infusions of dialysate. Renal transplantation provides the best outcomes but requires an organ donor and lifelong immunosuppression.
Motor neurone disease (MND) involves the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and motor cortex. It is usually sporadic with an unknown cause, though genetics and oxidative damage may play a role. There is no sensory involvement and it has a prevalence of 5 per 100,000 people per year. Common patterns include progressive muscular atrophy starting in hands, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with mixed upper and lower motor signs, and primary lateral sclerosis confined to upper motor neurons. MND is diagnosed clinically and has no cure, but treatments can help with symptoms and slow progression. The disease gradually spreads and most patients die within 3-5 years due to respiratory complications.
Scoliosis 101 describes the condition of scoliosis, how it is evaluated, traditional treatment recommendations,andt he most recent developments in non-invasive
rehabilitation based treatment. For more information visit http://www.treatingscoliosis.com or call
Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine visible from the front or side with an accompanying abnormal twisting. It is classified by degree of curvature as mild, moderate, or severe. The main types are congenital, neuromuscular, degenerative, and idiopathic scoliosis. Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common and has no known cause. Treatment depends on the type and severity, and may include bracing, exercise, or surgery. Schroth exercises are a conservative treatment that aim to correct posture and reduce the curve through stretching and strengthening techniques. A case study found Schroth therapy combined with bracing successfully reduced scoliosis curves in an adolescent patient.
This document defines tests and measurements in sports, and describes procedures for several common anthropometric measurements. It defines tests as tools used to measure characteristics, and measurements as the collection of numeric data. Key anthropometric measurements discussed include height, weight, arm length, leg length, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and skin folds. Body types are also categorized based on levels of endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy. Detailed procedures are provided for accurately conducting several common skin fold measurements.
Motor neurone disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potentialmeducationdotnet
Motor Neurone Disease (MND), also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes the death of motor neurons. While most research has focused on mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), recent evidence suggests abnormal SOD1 folding may be present in both familial and sporadic ALS. This could provide a unifying pathogenesis and help develop more targeted treatments. Current drug trials primarily target downstream effects like glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, but emerging research on gene silencing and stem cells may lead to therapies that address the underlying causes of MND.
This document provides an overview of scoliosis, including:
- Definitions and classifications of scoliosis types like idiopathic, congenital, neuromuscular, etc.
- Descriptions of curve patterns, measurements, and radiographic assessments.
- Clinical features and evaluations like trunk examination, scoliometer use, and Adams forward bend test.
- Etiology, progression risks, and long-term effects of different scoliosis types.
- Common curve classifications including King's type and Cobb angle measurement method.
It serves as a reference for the clinical presentation, evaluation, and management considerations for different scoliosis conditions.
Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigability. It is caused by antibodies that block acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, preventing muscle contraction. Symptoms vary widely and can include weakness of the eye muscles, facial muscles, limbs, and respiratory muscles. Diagnosis involves physical exams, blood tests to detect antibodies, and electrodiagnostic tests. Treatment options include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, immunosuppressants, plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin, and thymectomy.
Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine. It can be classified based on cause as idiopathic, congenital, neuromuscular, or syndromic. Treatment depends on the type and severity of scoliosis and may include bracing, casting, growing rod instrumentation, spinal fusion, or observation. The goal of treatment is to prevent progression and allow continued spinal and lung growth in children and adolescents.
The document summarizes the examination of the spine and scoliosis. It discusses inspection and palpation of the spine, range of motion tests, and special tests like compression and distraction. Neurological examination of the upper and lower limbs is described. Scoliosis is defined as a lateral curvature of the spine. Postural and structural scoliosis are distinguished. Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is described in detail clinically. Treatment options like bracing and surgery are outlined.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The document discusses the pathology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of ALS. Key points include that ALS causes the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations. The average age of onset is in the mid-50s. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and requires the exclusion of other potential causes through laboratory testing. Currently, riluzole is the only approved treatment and modestly prolongs survival. Management involves a multidisciplinary approach to address symptoms like weakness, fatigue, nutrition, and
This document discusses idiopathic scoliosis, which is defined as a spinal deformity characterized by lateral bending and fixed rotation of the spine without a known cause. It is divided into subgroups based on age of onset, including infantile, juvenile, and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Treatment options include observation for mild curves, bracing to prevent progression of moderate curves, and surgery to correct severe or progressive curves. Surgical techniques have advanced from Harrington instrumentation to segmental fixation with hooks and more recently pedicle screws, allowing for improved three-dimensional correction while fusion fewer vertebrae.
Motor neuron disease (MND) refers to conditions characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of MND and involves both upper and lower motor neurons. ALS is clinically defined based on involvement of motor neurons and includes features such as muscle weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, and stiffness. The pathology of ALS involves degeneration and death of motor neurons in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord leading to muscle denervation and atrophy. While the cause of ALS is largely unknown, factors such as oxidative stress, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and glutamate excitotoxicity are hypothesized to contribute to motor neuron de
Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine. It is classified as structural or non-structural. Treatment options include conservative approaches like bracing for mild curves or operative approaches like spinal fusion for more severe curves. Factors like curve degree, progression risk, skeletal maturity and patient symptoms are considered for treatment decisions. Surgery aims to halt progression, straighten the curve and fuse the spine. Complications can include neurological issues, decompensation or pseudarthrosis.
The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the neck. It produces thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism and thyrocalcitonin, which regulates calcium levels. The thyroid has two lobes connected by an isthmus and is located in the front of the neck, below the larynx. It receives blood supply from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and drains into thyroid veins that connect to the internal jugular vein. The recurrent laryngeal nerve passes behind the inferior thyroid artery and is at risk during thyroid procedures.
This document discusses motor development in children and women, including types of motor development, factors affecting it, and exercise guidelines at different growth stages. It also covers common postural deformities like knock knees, flat feet, and scoliosis, and their corrective measures. Functional deformities can be corrected through physical activities and exercises, while structural issues may require surgery. The document provides exercises and activities to address specific postural issues at each growth phase.
Correct posture involves balancing the body in a proper, vertical alignment when sitting, standing, walking, or moving. This allows for efficient muscle and joint function with minimal fatigue. Correct standing posture places the feet hip-width apart with equal weight distribution, straight legs, and alignment from ears through shoulders and hips. Proper sitting posture keeps the back straight against the chair with feet flat on the floor and eyes an arm's length from reading material. Walking requires parallel foot placement with heel-toe motion and smooth, balanced steps. Maintaining good posture provides physical, mental, and social benefits while preventing injuries and disorders. Common postural deformities include spinal curvatures, flat feet, knock knees, and bow legs.
This document discusses correct posture and common postural deformities. It defines good posture as the position that allows the body to function effectively with minimal fatigue. Correct standing posture involves keeping the skeleton erect with the center of gravity in line. Correct sitting posture maintains the natural spinal curve without stress. Bad posture can be caused by various factors and leads to issues like back pain and breathing difficulties. Common postural deformities discussed include kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, flat foot, knock knees, and bow legs. Physical activities are recommended as corrective measures for postural issues.
The document discusses World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for physical activity across different age groups. It then covers various postural deformities like knock knees, flat foot, kyphosis, lordosis, rounded shoulders, and provides corrective exercises and measures for each. It also discusses benefits of women's participation in sports including physical, psychological and social benefits, and how sports promote gender equality, empowerment and development. Finally, it covers menarche (first menstruation) which marks the onset of sexual maturity in girls usually between ages 8-15.
It provides basic information about ergonomical issues faced by students. Not a detailed presentation as the topic posture and ergonomics is wide spread.
Poor posture can develop from injuries, diseases, habits, weakness, improper clothing, lack of exercise, occupation, pregnancy, pain, obesity, joint dysfunction, stress, central nervous system disorders, overwork, prolonged postures, and muscle fatigue. Poor posture can lead to sore muscles, spinal curvature changes, subluxations, blood vessel constriction, and nerve compression. Physiotherapy can help assess, diagnose, educate, and treat poor posture through manual therapy, exercises, and activity modifications. Maintaining good posture involves sitting, standing, lifting, and lying in ways that keep the spine's natural curves in alignment. Immediate attention to poor posture is needed to prevent long-term postural defects.
This document outlines teaching units on physical wellness, balance, and posture from an Erasmus+ project involving several European countries. It discusses the importance of correct posture, stretching, and postural education to prevent injuries. The units provide information on identifying healthy postures, evaluation criteria, and exercises to improve muscle control and trunk stability in order to enhance postural control. The goal is for students to become more aware of their own posture.
posture, cause, effect and remedial measures of bad postureTahir Ramzan Bhat
This document discusses posture from multiple perspectives. It defines posture as the alignment of the body parts when standing in a relaxed stance. Good posture involves balancing the body segments in a way that places minimal strain while maximizing support. However, there is no single best posture as it is an individual matter. Poor posture can develop from muscle imbalances caused by daily activities and result in decreased function and increased risk of injury over time. The document recommends developing good posture habits through exercises and adjustments to prevent issues.
This document discusses common postural deformities in children and women, including kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, knock knees, bow legs, flat foot, and rounded shoulders. It provides information on the causes and corrective exercises for each condition. The document also covers special considerations for females, including menarche, menstrual dysfunction, and the female athlete triad of osteoporosis, amenorrhea, and eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
The document discusses good posture and common postural deformities. It defines good posture as a balanced position that causes least fatigue. It then discusses advantages of good posture like comfort, health, appearance and efficiency. Common postural issues covered include kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, flat feet, knock knees and bow legs. For each issue, it defines the problem, causes, and exercises or precautions to correct it. Maintaining good posture through exercises and lifestyle is important for long term health and well-being.
The lesson plan aims to teach students about proper posture. The objectives are for students to distinguish between poor and proper posture, describe proper posture when standing and sitting, and understand the importance of good posture. Examples of poor posture will be examined in photos and the key aspects of proper posture will be defined as having natural and balanced alignment of the body. Maintaining good posture is significant as it promotes overall physical well-being, appealing personality, and success in fields involving appearance.
Posture is important for people with advanced multiple sclerosis (MS) to improve function and quality of life while minimizing secondary complications. A basic posture assessment examines the position of the pelvis, legs, trunk and other body areas both sitting and lying down. Simple strategies like using foam supports can help correct poor posture and maintain good alignment. Regularly changing position is also important to prevent damage, especially when lying down. With early intervention and management, posture can be optimized to maximize an individual's abilities despite the progression of MS.
kinesiology :(about muscle wasting )
Prevention of muscle wasting
(Spastic paralysis : Rigidity of muscles ) and (Flaccid paralysis : Flaccidity of muscles )
Postures
Pattern of posture
Static posture
Dynamic posture
Types of postures
Poor posture ( due to poor sitting or standing positions may lead to poor postures)
Poor postures may causes :
Forward head
Swayback
kymphosis
Good postures :
(Good posture adopt naturally or by essential mechanisms and adjustment should be intact to adopting a good postures)
Mental attitude also affect of postures:
Emotional condition ,unhappiness , joy ,confidence also affect of posture
How you improve your posture?
Stand up straight and tall
keep your back
Put your stomach in
Keep your feet about shoulder width apart
The document discusses various fundamental and auxiliary movements of the body including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and specific movements at joints like the elbow and ankle. It provides definitions and explanations of each movement, describing the axis and plane in which they occur. A variety of joints in the human body are also classified based on their type of movement, structure, and anatomical location.
Posture refers to the alignment of the body parts when standing in a relaxed stance. Good posture involves training the body to stand, sit and lie in positions that place the least strain on supporting muscles and ligaments. There is no single definition of "normal" posture as everyone's body is different. Maintaining proper posture can help decrease joint stress and strain, prevent back pain, and contribute to a good appearance. Poor posture is corrected through exercises and therapies that realign the body and strengthen weak muscles. Daily posture exercises can help reinforce good habits and balance.
EFFECT OF EXERCISES ON POSTURAL DEFORMITIES AND QUALITY OF LIFEBhawna Baghel
The document discusses posture, common postural deformities, and corrective exercises. It defines posture and lists factors that contribute to good posture like normal muscle function and neuro-muscular control. Common postural issues are then described like kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, knock knees, and bow legs. The causes of poor posture are outlined as well as the long-term effects of carrying heavy backpacks. A variety of corrective exercises are presented that target the musculoskeletal, respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems. Maintaining good posture through exercise is said to improve overall quality of life.
This document discusses the history and key aspects of the Right to Education Act 2009 in India. It notes that in 1910, Gopal Krishna Gokhale proposed a resolution for free and compulsory primary education in India. Several other initiatives followed in different states and provinces. The Right to Education Act of 2009 was passed to make education from ages 6-14 a fundamental right for all children. It outlines norms such as neighborhood schools within 1-3 km, no fees or screening for admissions, 25% reservations for disadvantaged students, teacher qualifications, and curriculum standards. The roles and duties of school principals are also summarized.
Olympism in Education:A Pilot Project Initiated in DIET Daryaganj in IndiaNEERAJ KUMAR MEHRA
1) A pilot project called "Olympism in Education" was initiated at the District Institute of Educational Research & Training in Daryaganj, India to promote Olympic values of respect, friendship, and honesty among students.
2) The project aims to bring about behavioral changes in students and develop their overall personalities by fusing different subjects and activities like sports, art, and work experience. This allows students to explore various dimensions and enjoy unique learning experiences.
3) Teachers play an important role by planning age-appropriate and interest-driven lessons that combine subjects in innovative ways, such as teaching values through bulletin boards and embroidered dusters. The goal is to make the future of the world worth living by cult
United nations, Olympism and International Understanding in SportsNEERAJ KUMAR MEHRA
Due to typographical error it is written that I am working with Department of Physical Education ,University of Delhi which needs to be read as Department of Pre Service Teacher Education,District Institute of Education & Training,Daryaganj.
This document defines near drowning and summarizes its symptoms, treatment, and prevention. Near drowning occurs when someone submerges in water and may or may not breathe in water, resulting in confusion, lack of breathing or heartbeat, and pale skin. Proper treatment includes CPR and encouraging swimming safety. With early rescue and medical care, full recovery is possible, but complications like infection or brain damage can occur without treatment.
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This document discusses sports for disabled people in India. It provides context on disability and defines it. It explains the role of sports for people with disabilities, noting benefits like improved health, self-esteem, and empowerment. Two main organizations promoting disability sports in India are discussed: the National Paralympic Committee of India and Special Olympics Bharat. Both organizations work to provide opportunities for disabled athletes and have had success in international competitions. The document also outlines some Indian policies supporting disability sports participation.
The document summarizes different teaching methods, including the whole-part-whole method, progression/gradual build-up method, and demonstration method.
The whole-part-whole method involves performing the whole skill, then breaking it into parts to focus on individually, before putting the whole skill back together. This allows difficult parts to be practiced in isolation to master each component.
The progression/gradual build-up method involves learning a skill progressively, mastering each part before introducing a new one.
The demonstration method is a visual approach where the teacher actively models the skill for students, rather than just explaining it, in order to stimulate interest and provide an example for students to emulate.
This word presentation is prepared for DIET Daryaganj ETE trainees while keeping in view their Health and Physical Education curriculum and they are free to use this presentation in anyway as they like.
This word presentation is prepared for elementary teacher trainees of DIET Daryaganj while keeping in view the curriculum of subject Teaching of Health and Physical Education and they are free to use this presentation in anyway as they like.
1. Defects relating to Posture 2012
If the school going children are examined in relation to body postures, at least fifty percent of
them will be found adopting faulty posture in one way or other. These defects are of the
following:
Spinal Curvature: This defect is generally found in a large number of children. Excessive strain
during childhood on the vertebral column makes it curve and the following defects arise”
Appearances of Kyposis
Lordosis
Scoliosis
The following deformities appear in the Kyposis:
1. Bending of head and body in forward direction
2. Round Back
3. Flat Chest
4. Round Shoulders
5. Round hollow back
6. Bulging out of the belly
The above mentioned defects are caused by nonnutritive and unbalanced diet, lack of fresh air
and inadequate physical exercises. Besides faulty desk sitting posture, myopia, excessive strain
on shoulders and rickets also deform the waist region. The teacher in order to remove these
defects should impress upon the students the importance of adopting correct postures while
standing, reading and writing .Boys with deformities should be advised to take proper physical
exercises in order to remove their defects.
Lordosis
The defect causes the back to bend in either direction. Curvature also appears in the waist region.
The shoulder bones in the back also seem to be bending towards the sides. Hips also bulge out.
In this state of body, occasionally the child experiences pain in the back and walks like a lame
person.
For removing this defect, the child should be made to stand in the correct posture. Special
physical exercises, too, cure this defect. In sever complication cases, proper treatment should be
undertaken on the expert advice of a doctor.
Flat Foot
This defect is found in the early years in weal children. This is caused by over work and by
putting on heavy shoes. This weakens the body bonds which keep, the foot muscles and foot
bridge in order. Consequently, the foot becomes flat. Continuously standing or walking also tries
1 Prepared by Neeraj Kumar Mehra, Lecturer(Health and Physical Education|
DIET Daryaganj
2. Defects relating to Posture 2012
out the muscles as the results of which these muscles find themselves unable to function properly
and the foot turns flat.
The foot should be rested as soon as symptoms of this defect appear. They should be saved from
fatigue. This defect is also overcome by walking on toes. It is also useful to apply pressure on the
edges of sole while walking.
Summary
Correct body posture represents a healthy and strong body. Faulty postures on the on the other
hand, mean a week and sick body. There are two causes of faulty postures:
Relating to home
Relating to school
Many deformities in the body appear due to faulty postures adopted while standing, sitting,
reading or writing e.g. spinal curvature, flat foot etc.
The students while reading a book should sit in an upright position and keep the book at a
distance of at least twelve inches from the eye. An angle of 45 degree should be formed while
reading a book in hand.
Special attention should be paid on the manner of holding the paper position, the hand writing
and the way of writing.
The head, shoulders and the hips should form a straight line while sitting.Veretbral column
should also be straight.
The body weight should fall equally on both the legs while standing for a short time, but for a
longer duration, the body weight should fall alternately on legs,i.e. ,one leg should remain
stretched forward.
Reference
Please be thankful to “School Health Education and Public Health”, written by Dr.S.P.Chaube
and Dr.Akhilesh Chaube (Available in DIET Daryaganj Library)
2 Prepared by Neeraj Kumar Mehra, Lecturer(Health and Physical Education|
DIET Daryaganj