This document discusses bacterial diseases that affect plants. It describes the various symptoms that can be caused by bacterial pathogens, including leaf spots, blights, wilts, galls and overgrowths. It provides examples of specific bacterial genera and species that cause different symptoms. The document also summarizes several common bacterial diseases, their symptoms, and the pathogens that cause them. These include bacterial spots, blights, wilts and a detailed overview of bacterial wilt of solanaceous plants.
Symptoms of bacterial infection in plants are much like the symptoms in fungal plant disease.
They include
leaf spots,
blights,
wilts,
scabs,
cankers and a
soft rots of roots,
storage organs and fruit,
Symptoms of bacterial infection in plants are much like the symptoms in fungal plant disease.
They include
leaf spots,
blights,
wilts,
scabs,
cankers and a
soft rots of roots,
storage organs and fruit,
Fire blight of apple; one of the viral plant bacterial diseaselekhnathgaire7
Fire blight is a destructive bacterial disease affecting apple and pear trees. It's characterized by wilting, blackening, and "scorched" appearance of blossoms, shoots, and branches. It spreads rapidly, especially in warm, moist conditions, posing a significant threat to orchards. Control measures include pruning infected parts, using resistant varieties, and applying antibiotics or copper-based sprays during the growing season.
The broadest definition of plant disease includes anything that damages plant health. This definition can include such diverse factors as pathogens, insufficient nitrogen, air pollution, lawnmower damage, and deer damage.
Vascular wilt, Anthracnose and Black arm or angular leaf spot disease of Cotton dinesh kumar pancheshwar
Major diseases of cotton viz: Vascular wilt (F. oxysporum f. sp. Vasinfectum), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gossypii) and Black arm or Bacterial blight X. axonopodis pv. malvacearum (Xam) symptoms caused by Seedling blight, Angular leaf spot, Vein blight or vein necrosis or black vein, Black arm or Bacterial blight and Square rot / Boll rot diseases of Cotton.
The Integrated Disease Management (IDM) involves the need based use of pesticide only when the disease incidence reach economic threshold levels and this will promote the build up of many bio-control agent in the crop ecosystems.
Thus IDM, a greener alternative to the conventional use of chemicals, is an attempt to promote natural, economic and sociological farming methods through the most effective combination of farming techniques and judicious and limited use of fungicide.
In other words, IDM programme implies all the available disease management approaches including cultural, biological and chemical control with the main objective to keep the disease incidence below economic threshold level.
Fire blight of apple; one of the viral plant bacterial diseaselekhnathgaire7
Fire blight is a destructive bacterial disease affecting apple and pear trees. It's characterized by wilting, blackening, and "scorched" appearance of blossoms, shoots, and branches. It spreads rapidly, especially in warm, moist conditions, posing a significant threat to orchards. Control measures include pruning infected parts, using resistant varieties, and applying antibiotics or copper-based sprays during the growing season.
The broadest definition of plant disease includes anything that damages plant health. This definition can include such diverse factors as pathogens, insufficient nitrogen, air pollution, lawnmower damage, and deer damage.
Vascular wilt, Anthracnose and Black arm or angular leaf spot disease of Cotton dinesh kumar pancheshwar
Major diseases of cotton viz: Vascular wilt (F. oxysporum f. sp. Vasinfectum), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gossypii) and Black arm or Bacterial blight X. axonopodis pv. malvacearum (Xam) symptoms caused by Seedling blight, Angular leaf spot, Vein blight or vein necrosis or black vein, Black arm or Bacterial blight and Square rot / Boll rot diseases of Cotton.
The Integrated Disease Management (IDM) involves the need based use of pesticide only when the disease incidence reach economic threshold levels and this will promote the build up of many bio-control agent in the crop ecosystems.
Thus IDM, a greener alternative to the conventional use of chemicals, is an attempt to promote natural, economic and sociological farming methods through the most effective combination of farming techniques and judicious and limited use of fungicide.
In other words, IDM programme implies all the available disease management approaches including cultural, biological and chemical control with the main objective to keep the disease incidence below economic threshold level.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
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Chapter_ 8 specific bacterial disease and control.ppt
1. Symptoms Caused by Bacteria
• Plant pathogenic bacteria induce as many kinds of symptoms on
the plants they infect as do fungi.
• They cause leaf spots and blights, soft rots of fruits, roots, and
storage organs, wilts, overgrowths, scabs, and cankers
• Any given type of symptom can be caused by bacterial pathogens
belonging to several genera, and each genus may contain
pathogens capable of causing different types of diseases.
2. Symptoms Caused by Bacteria
• Species of Agrobacterium, however, can cause only
overgrowths or proliferation of organs.
• However, overgrowths can also be caused by certain
species of Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas.
• Also, the plant pathogenic species of Streptomyces
cause only scabs or lesions of belowground crops.
3. Symptoms Caused by Bacteria
• Species of Rhizobium and the related genera
Azorhizobium and Bradyrhizobium are gram-negative,
soil-inhabiting bacteria that induce the formation of
nodules on the roots of legume plants, but these bacteria
are beneficial rather than pathogenic to the plant because
they fix nitrogen that is used by the plants.
• Parts of the DNA of the three latter genera are nearly
identical to parts of the DNA of Agrobacterium bacteria
4. Types of Symptoms caused by Bacteria: Cause various symptoms = five groups
Types of diseases Invaded tissue Kind of symptoms Pathogen
Leaf spot Invasion of inercellualry space and
necrotization of
parenchymatous tissues
Water soaked spots Bacteria
exudates or ooze Angular
leaf spot halo blight
chlorosis of young leaves
leaf blight fruit spots
Pseudomonas Xanthomonads
Canker and die back Invasion of bark and woody tissues
through wounds , buds and
leaf scars, young leaves and
blossoms
Bark necrosis canker, gummosis,
die back (apopelexy) shoot
blight shot hole on leaves
bud blast bark necrosis
canker, bacterial ooze die
of blossom and twig blight
Pseudomonas syringae Pv syringae
group
Erwina amylovora
Vascular wilt Invasion of vascular elements Wilting dwarfing browing of
vascular tissue ring rot of
potato Bird’s eye spots on
tomato fruits
Coryneform bacteria, R.
solanacerum a few
xanthomonads
Soft rot diseases Maceration of middle lamella and
primary cell wall
Soft rot of tubers and onions and
others, Black leg disease
Soft rotting erwinias few
pseudomonas
Proliferation and tumer Stimulation of plant cells and tissues
to grow abnormal
Crown gall, twig gall, hair
root, fascination
Agrobacteria, R. fascians, P.
syringae pv savastanoi
5. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL SPOTS AND BLIGHTS…continued
• Almost all bacterial spots and blights of leaves, stems,and fruits are
caused by bacteria in the genera Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas.
• Pseudomonas syringae, pathovars (pv.) causing wildfire of tobacco
(P. syringae pv. tabaci),
• angular leaf spot of cucumber (P. syringae pv. lacrymans),
• Halo blight of beans (P. syringae pv. phaseolicola),
• Citrus blast, pear blast, bean leaf spot, and lilac blight (P.syringae
pv. syringae), and bacterial speck of tomato (P. syringae pv. tomato)
6. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL SPOTS AND BLIGHTS… continued
• Xanthomonas compestris, pathovars causing common blight of beans
(X. campestris pv. phaseoli),
• angular leaf spot of cotton (X. campestris pv.malvacearum),
• bacterial leaf blight of rice (X.campestris pv. oryzae), bacterial blight or
stripe of cereals (X. campestris pv. translucens),
• Bacterial blight of cassava (X. campestris pv. manihotis),
• bacterial spots of stone fruits (X. arboricola pv.pruni) and of tomato and
pepper (X. campestris pv. vesicatoria)
7. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL SPOTS AND BLIGHTS… continued
• In bacterial spots and blights, routine diagnosis of the disease
depends on the morphology of the symptoms, the absence of
pathogenic fungi, and the presence of bacteria in recently infected
tissue.
• Microscopic distinction among these pathogens is impossible, as it is
among most plant pathogenic bacteria.
• The bacteria overwinter on infected or healthy parts, especially buds,
of perennial plants, on or in seeds, on infected plant debris, on
contaminated containers or tools, and on or in the soil.
8. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL SPOTS AND BLIGHTS… continued
• Their spread from the place of overwintering to their hosts
and from plant to plant takes place by means of rain, runoff,
rain splashes, windblown rain, direct contact with the host,
insects such as flies, bees, and ants, handling of plants, and
tools.
• Penetration takes place through stomates, hydathodes, and
injuries.
9. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL SPOTS AND BLIGHTS… continued
• Water soaking of tissues during heavy rains greatly favors penetration
and invasion by bacteria.
• Bacteria multiply on walls of host cells, which collapse after disruption of
the cell membrane.
• The control of bacterial spots and blights can be obtained to some extent
by the use of resistant varieties, crop rotation, and sanitation.
• Some control can be obtained by spraying several times during the period
of plant susceptibility with chemicals such as copper compounds mixed
with zineb, maneb, or mancozeb antibiotics such as streptomycin and
tetracyclinesand, in some cases, with plant defense activators
10. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL VASCULAR WILTS
• Vascular wilts caused by bacteria affect mostly herbaceous plants such
as several vegetables, field crops, ornamentals, and tropical plants.
• The bacteria and the most important vascular wilts they cause are listed.
• Clavibacter (Corynebacterium), causing ring rot of potato (C.
michiganense subsp. sepedonicum) and
• bacterial canker and wilt of tomato (C. michiganense subsp.
michiganense)
• Curtobacterium (Corynebacterium) flaccumfaciens, causing bacterial
wilt of bean
11. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL VASCULAR WILTS…continued
• Erwinia, causing bacterial wilt of cucurbits (E.
tracheiphila),
• and fire blight of pome fruits (E. amylovora)
• Pantoea, causing Stewart’s wilt of corn (P. stewartii)
• Ralstonia, causing the southern bacterial wilt of
solanaceous crops and the Moko disease of banana (R.
solanacearum)
• Xanthomonas, causing black rot or black vein of
crucifers (X. campestris pv. campestris)
12. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL VASCULAR WILTS…continued
• In vascular wilts, bacteria enter, multiply in, and move through the xylem
vessels of the host plants.
• In the process, they interfere with the translocation of water and nutrients,
resulting in the drooping, wilting, and death of the aboveground parts of the
plants.
• In these respects, bacterial vascular wilts are similar to the fungal vascular
wilts caused by Fusarium, Verticillium, Ophiostoma, and Ceratocystis.
• However, whereas in fungal wilts the fungi remain almost exclusively in the
vascular tissues until the death of the plant, in bacterial wilts the bacteria
often destroy (dissolve) parts of cell walls of xylem vessels or cause them to
rupture quite early in disease development.
13. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL VASCULAR WILTS…continued
• Subsequently, the bacteria spread and multiply in adjacent
parenchyma tissues at various points along the vessels, kill and
dissolve the cells, and cause the formation of pockets or cavities full of
bacteria, gums, and cellular debris.
• In some bacterial vascular wilts, e.g., those of corn and sugarcane,
the bacteria, once they reach the leaves, move out of the vascular
bundles, spread throughout the intercellular spaces of the leaf, and
may ooze out through the stomata or cracks onto the leaf surface.
14. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL VASCULAR WILTS…continued
• Similarly, in some cases, as in the bacterial wilt of
carnation, bacteria ooze to the surface of stems through
cracks formed over the bacterial pockets or cavities.
• More commonly, however, wilt bacteria are confined
primarily to the vascular elements and do not reach the
plant surface until the plant is killed by the disease.
15. Some common bacterial diseases
• BACTERIAL VASCULAR WILTS…continued
• Bacterial vascular wilts can sometimes be determined by cutting an
infected stem with a sharp razor blade and then separating the two
parts slowly, in which case a thin bridge of a sticky substance can
be seen between the cut surfaces while they are being separated.
• Better still, small pieces of infected stem, petiole, or leaf can be
placed in a drop of water and observed under the microscope, in
which case masses of bacteria will be seen flowing out from the cut
ends of the vascular bundles
16. Some common bacterial diseases
• BACTERIAL VASCULAR WILTS…continued
• Wilt bacteria overwinter in plant debris in the soil, in the seed, in vegetative
propagative material, or, in some cases, in their insect vectors.
• They enter the plants through wounds that expose open vascular elements and
multiply and spread in the latter.
• They spread from plant to plant through the soil, through handling and tools,
through direct contact of plants, or through insect
• vectors.
• Control of bacterial vascular wilts is difficult and depends primarily on the use
of crop rotation, resistant varieties, bacteria-free seed or other propagative
material, control of the insect vectors of the bacteria when such vectors exist,
removal of infected plant debris, and proper sanitation.
17. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL WILT OF SOLANACEOUS PLANTS
• Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum
• present in the tropics and in the warmer climates throughout the world.
• It causes severe losses on tobacco, tomato, potato, and eggplant in
some warm areas outside the tropics.
• Bacterial wilt on solanaceous crops appears as a sudden wilt. Infected
young plants die rapidly.
• Older plants first show wilting of the youngest leaves, or one sided wilting
and stunting, and finally the plants wilt permanently and die
18. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL WILT OF SOLANACEOUS PLANTS…continued
• In some plants, such as tomato, excessive adventitious roots may
form.
• The vascular tissues of stems, roots, and tubers turn brown, and in
cross sections they ooze a whitish bacterial exudate.
• Bacterial pockets develop around the vascular bundles in the pith
and in the cortex, and roots and especially tubers often rot and
disintegrate and by the time the plant wilts permanently.
25. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL WILT (BLACK ROT) OF CRUCIFERS
• Black rot of crucifers is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv.
campestris. The disease is present throughout the world.
• It affects all members of the crucifer family and often causes
severe losses. The disease affects primarily the aboveground parts
of plants of any age.
• In hosts such as turnip and radish, however, the fleshy roots may
also be affected and may develop a dry rot.
• Infected young seedlings show dwarfing, one-sided growth, and
their lower leaves droop.
26. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL WILT (BLACK ROT) OF CRUCIFERS…continued
• The first symptoms, however, usually appear in the field as large, often
V-shaped, chlorotic blotches at the margins of the leaves.
• The chlorosis progresses toward the midrib of the leaf, while some of the
veins and veinlets within the chlorotic area turn black.
• The affected area later turns brown and dry. In the meantime, the
blackening of the veins advances to the stem and from there upward and
downward to other leaves and roots.
• When leaves become invaded systemically from bacteria moving upward
through the midvein, chlorotic areas may appear anywhere on the
leaves.
27. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL WILT (BLACK ROT) OF CRUCIFERS…continued
• Infected leaves may fall off prematurely one after the other.
• The stem and the stalks of infected leaves in cross section show
blackening of vascular tissues, yellow slime droplets of bacteria, and,
sometimes, cavities full of bacteria in the pith and cortex.
• Cabbage and cauliflower heads are also invaded and discolored, as are
the fleshy roots of turnip and radish.
• Infected areas are subsequently invaded by soft-rotting bacteria, which
destroy the tissue, and a repulsive odor is given off.
28. Typical symptom of black leg
Black rot (Bacterial soft rot ) on cabbage head,
30. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL WILT (BLACK ROT) OF CRUCIFERS…continued
• Black rot bacteria over-winter in infected plant debris and on or in the
seed.
• The bacteria infect cotyledons or young leaves through stomata,
hydathodes, or wounds and spread through them intercellularly until
they reach the open ends of outer vessels, which they invade.
• The bacteria then multiply in the vessels and spread in them throughout
the plant, reaching even the seeds.
• .
31. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL WILT (BLACK ROT) OF CRUCIFERS…continued
• The xylem disintegrates in places, and the bacteria spread between the
surrounding parenchyma cells.
• These cells are soon killed and disintegrate, and cavities are formed.
• Bacteria often ooze to the surface of the leaves through hydathodes or
wounds and are subsequently spread by rain splashes and wind or are
carried by equipment, to other leaves, which they infect
32. Some common bacterial diseases
BACTERIAL WILT (BLACK ROT) OF CRUCIFERS…continued
• In wet, warm weather, infection develops rapidly, and visible
symptoms may appear within hours.
• The control of black rot depends on the use of bacteria-free
seed and transplants planted in soil free of black rot for at
least two years.
• Seed treatment with hot water (50°C for 30 minutes) and
tetracycline or streptomycin helps ensure bacteria-free
seed.
• Sprays with copper fungicides at 10-day intervals help
reduce spread of the disease.
33. Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Beans
Bacterial brown spot Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
Bacterial wilt (Murcha-de-Curtobacterium in
Portuguese)
Curtobacterium flaccumfasciens pv.
flaccumfasciens
= Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp.
flaccumfaciens
Common bacterial blight (Crestamento-bacteriano-
comum in Portuguese)
Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli
= Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli
Fuscous blight Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli
Halo blight Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola
Wildfire Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci
34. Symptoms caused by the bean common blight bacterium Xanthomonas phaseoli and on
bean leaves.
39. Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Crop Causative agent
Potato
Bacterial wilt = brown rot
Ralstonia solanacearum
= Pseudomonas solanacearum
Blackleg and bacterial soft rot
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum
= Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum
= E. carotovora subsp. carotovora
Pectobacterium chrysanthemi
= E. chrysanthemi
Pink eye Pseudomonas fluorescens
Ring rot
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus
= Corynebacterium sepedonicum
Common scab
Streptomyces scabiei
= S. scabies
Streptomyces acidiscabies
Streptomyces turgidiscabies
Zebra chip = Psyllid yellows? 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum'
40. Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Crop Causative agent
Sorghum
Bacterial leaf spot Pseudomonas syringae
Bacterial leaf streak Xanthomonas campestris pv. holcicola
Bacterial leaf stripe Burkholderia andropogonis
41. Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Citrus
Bacterial spot Xanthomonas campestris pv. citrumelo
Black pit (fruit) Pseudomonas syringae
Blast Pseudomonas syringae
Citrus canker
Xanthomonas axonopodis =
Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri
Citrus variegated chlorosis Xylella fastidiosa
Huanglongbing =Greening
Candidatus Liberobacter asiaticus
Candidatus L. africanus
42. Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Banana
Bacterial wilt
Pseudomonas solanacearum (race 1)
Ralstonia solanacearum
Blood disease Pseudomonas spp.
Bugtok
Pseudomonas solanacearum (race 2)
Ralstonia solanacearum
Finger tip rot (gumming) Pseudomonas spp.
Rhizome rot
Erwinia carotovora
Erwinia chrysanthemi
Javanese vasular wilt Pseudomonas spp.
43. Important Bacterial diseases of Some common
Crops
Cotton
Bacterial blight
Xanthomonas campestris pv.
malvacearum
Crown gall Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Lint degradation
Erwinia herbicola = Pantoea
agglomeran
44. Angular spots and necrotic veins on cotton leaves (A) and sunken circular spots on cotton bolls
(B) caused by the cotton blight bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum.
45. Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Crop Causative agent
Rapeseed and canola(B. napus and
Brassica rapa (= B. campestris
Bacterial black rot
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
=Xanthomonas campestris pv. aberrans
Bacterial leaf spot Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani
Bacterial pod rot Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola
Bacterial soft rot
Erwinia carotovora
Pseudomonas marginalis pv. marginalis
Scab
Streptomyces spp.
Streptomyces scabiei = Streptomyces
scabies
Crown gall Agrobacterium tumefaciens
46. Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Crop Causative agent
Tomato
Bacterial canker
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.
michiganensis
Bacterial speck Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
Bacterial spot
Xanthomonas campestris pv.
vesicatoria
Bacterial stem rot and fruit rot Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora
Bacterial wilt Ralstonia solanacearum
Pith necrosis Pseudomonas corrugata
Syringae leaf spot Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
47. Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Crop Causative agent
Rice
Bacterial blight
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae = X.
campestris pv. oryzae
Bacterial leaf streak Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola
Foot rot Erwinia chrysanthemi
Grain rot Burkholderia glumae
Pecky rice (kernel spotting)
Damage by bacteria (see also underfungal and
miscellaneous diseases)
Sheath brown rot Pseudomonas fuscovaginae
48. 48
Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Crop Causative agent
Potato
Bacterial wilt = brown rot
Ralstonia solanacearum
= Pseudomonas solanacearum
Blackleg and bacterial soft rot
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum
= Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum
= E. carotovora subsp. carotovora
Pectobacterium chrysanthemi
= E. chrysanthemi
Pink eye Pseudomonas fluorescens
Ring rot
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus
= Corynebacterium sepedonicum
Common scab
Streptomyces scabiei
= S. scabies
Streptomyces acidiscabies
Streptomyces turgidiscabies
Zebra chip = Psyllid yellows? 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum'
49. 49
Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Crop Causative agent
Sorghum
Bacterial leaf spot Pseudomonas syringae
Bacterial leaf streak Xanthomonas campestris pv. holcicola
Bacterial leaf stripe Burkholderia andropogonis
50. 50
Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Maize
Bacterial leaf blight and stalk rot Pseudomonas avenae subsp. avenae
Bacterial leaf spot Xanthomonas campestris pv. holcicola
Bacterial stalk rot Enterobacter dissolvens = Erwinia dissolvens
Bacterial stalk and top rot
Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora
Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae
Bacterial stripe Pseudomonas andropogonis
Chocolate spot Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens
Goss's bacterial wilt and blight (leaf freckles and
wilt)
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis =
Corynebacterium michiganense pv. nebraskense
Holcus spot Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall
Purple leaf sheath Hemiparasitic bacteria
Seed rot-seedling blight Bacillus subtilis
Stewart's disease (bacterial wilt) Erwinia stewartii
Corn stunt (achapparramiento, maize stunt,
Mesa Central or Rio Grande maize stunt)
Spiroplasma kunkelii
51. 51
Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Citrus
Bacterial spot Xanthomonas campestris pv. citrumelo
Black pit (fruit) Pseudomonas syringae
Blast Pseudomonas syringae
Citrus canker
Xanthomonas axonopodis =
Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri
Citrus variegated chlorosis Xylella fastidiosa
Huanglongbing =Greening
Candidatus Liberobacter asiaticus
Candidatus L. africanus
52. 52
Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Banana
Bacterial wilt
Pseudomonas solanacearum (race 1)
Ralstonia solanacearum
Blood disease Pseudomonas spp.
Bugtok
Pseudomonas solanacearum (race 2)
Ralstonia solanacearum
Finger tip rot (gumming) Pseudomonas spp.
Rhizome rot
Erwinia carotovora
Erwinia chrysanthemi
Javanese vasular wilt Pseudomonas spp.
53. 53
Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Beans
Bacterial brown spot Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
Bacterial wilt (Murcha-de-Curtobacterium in
Portuguese)
Curtobacterium flaccumfasciens pv.
flaccumfasciens
= Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp.
flaccumfaciens
Common bacterial blight (Crestamento-bacteriano-
comum in Portuguese)
Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli
= Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli
Fuscous blight Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli
Halo blight Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola
Wildfire Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci
55. 55
Important Bacterial diseases of Some common
Crops
Cotton
Bacterial blight
Xanthomonas campestris pv.
malvacearum
Crown gall Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Lint degradation
Erwinia herbicola = Pantoea
agglomeran
56. 56
Important Bacterial diseases of Some common
Crops
Pea
Bacterial blight Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi
Brown spot
Pseudomonas syringae subsp.
syringae
57. 57
Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Crop Causative agent
Rapeseed and canola(B. napus and
Brassica rapa (= B. campestris
Bacterial black rot
Xanthomonas campestris pv.
campestris
=Xanthomonas campestris pv.
aberrans
Bacterial leaf spot Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani
Bacterial pod rot Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola
Bacterial soft rot
Erwinia carotovora
Pseudomonas marginalis pv.
marginalis
Scab
Streptomyces spp.
Streptomyces scabiei = Streptomyces
scabies
Crown gall Agrobacterium tumefaciens
58. 58
Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Crop Causative agent
Tomato
Bacterial canker
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.
michiganensis
Bacterial speck Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
Bacterial spot
Xanthomonas campestris pv.
vesicatoria
Bacterial stem rot and fruit rot Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora
Bacterial wilt Ralstonia solanacearum
Pith necrosis Pseudomonas corrugata
Syringae leaf spot Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
59. 59
Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Crop Causative agent
Barley
Black chaff and bacterial streak Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens
Bacterial kernel blight Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
Bacterial leaf blight Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
Bacterial stripe Pseudomonas syringae pv. striafaciens
Basal glume rot Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens
Bacterial blight Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens
60. 60
Important Bacterial diseases of Some common Crops
Crop Causative agent
Rice
Bacterial blight
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae = X.
campestris pv. oryzae
Bacterial leaf streak Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola
Foot rot Erwinia chrysanthemi
Grain rot Burkholderia glumae
Pecky rice (kernel spotting)
Damage by bacteria (see also underfungal and
miscellaneous diseases)
Sheath brown rot Pseudomonas fuscovaginae
