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POST-COLONIAL CRITICISM education(1).pptx
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- 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Understand the impactof colonialism on literature and culture. 01. Appreciate the importance of post- colonial perspectives in expanding literary analysis. 02. Engage in articulate and constructive discussions about post-colonial perspectives. 03.
- 3. INTRODUCTION Post-colonial Criticism isparticularly effective at helping us see connections among all the domains of our experience. The psychological, ideological, social, political, intellectual, and aesthetic in ways that show us just how inseparable these categories are in our life experience of ourselves and our world.
- 4. In addition, post-colonialtheory offers us a framework for examining the similarities among all critical theories that deal with human oppression, such as Marxism, Feminism, Gay, Lesbian, and Queer Theories, and African American Theory.
- 5. Post-colonial Criticism issimilar to cultural studies but it assumes a unique perspective on literature and politics that warrants a separate discussion.
- 6. What isPost ColonialCriticism? ""...refers to a field of intellectual inquiry that explores and interrogates the situation of colonized people both during and after colonization. Post-colonial literature and theory are often, but not always, anti- imperialist in character." (Bedford, 394)
- 7. KEY CONCEPTS/TERMS • Diaspora:The displacement and scattering of a people, often caused by colonialism and its aftermath. • Mimicry: Imitation of the dress, manners, and language of the dominant culture by the oppressed one. (Bhabha) • Hybridity/Syncretism: The quality of cultures that have characteristics of both the colonizers and the colonized. Marked by tension and conflicts, they are continually changing and evolving. • Double vision/Double consciousness: A sense of being part of both the colonized and the colonizing cultures, with all the conflicts and contrasts that involves. It is characteristic of indigenous peoples and later settlers.
- 8. • Subalterns: Peopleof inferior status. Subaltern writers seek to make their marginalized cultures known and valued for their past and present. From a British military term that refers to a low-ranking subordinate officer; it is used in postcolonial theory to designate the colonized, whom Europeans considered to be subject races. • "Othering": The assumption that those who are different from oneself are inferior beings. • "The Other": One who is different from oneself and thus inferior. • Unhomliness: The sense of belonging to neither the world of the colonizer or the colonized, of being culturally displaced (Bhabha)
- 9. • Eurocentrism: Theassumption that European ideals and experiences are the standard by which all other cultures are to be measured and judged inferior. • Hegemony-Antonio Gramsci suggested the ruling classes were able to dominate other classes and the agenda because they successfully argued their elite interests were the interests of everyone. • Orientalism – Edward Said: describes a tradition, both academic and artistic, of hostile and deprecatory views of the east by the west. This often implies essentialising and prejudiced outsider interpretations of Eastern cultures and peoples. • (Orient = Not western / not Eurocentric ; Occident – west.)
- 10. KEY THEORISTS •Edward Said -Theory:Orientalism •Franz Fanon -Theory: Colonialism and its Effects on Identity •Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak -Theory: Subaltern Studies and "Can the Subaltern Speak?"
- 11. KEY THEORISTS EDWARD SAID •Theory:Orientalism - refers to the way Western cultures have historically represented the East (primarily the Middle East and Asia) in a manner that reinforces Western dominance and superiority. It involves the exoticization, stereotyping, and simplification of Eastern cultures, often to serve colonial interests and justify imperialist agendas.
- 12. KEY THEORISTS FRANTZ FANON •Theory:Colonialismand its Effects on Identity - It explores the psychological and existential effects of colonialism on both the colonizer and the colonized.
- 13. KEY THEORISTS GAYATRI SPIVAK •Theory:Subaltern Studies and "Can the Subaltern Speak?" - It focuses on the voices and experiences of marginalized groups, particularly women and the subaltern.
- 14. WHAT POST-COLONIALCRITICS DO? ►Reject claims of universalism ► Examine representation of other cultures ► Show how literature is silent on matters of imperialism and colonialism ► Foreground questions of diversity and cultural difference ► Celebrate 'cultural polyvancy (belonging to more than one culture) ► Assert that marginality, plurality and 'Otherness' are sources of energy and potential change
- 15. Effectsof colonizationin thefollowingaspects: Postcolonial criticism in the Philippines examines the impact of colonial history on literature, culture, and identity. Scholars analyze how the Philippines' history of Spanish and American colonization influences narratives, power structures, and the construction of national identity in literature and other forms of expression. This approach aims to deconstruct colonial ideologies and explore the complexities of postcolonial experiences in the Filipino context.
- 20. The plot revolvesaround Crisostomo Ibarra, mixed-race heir of a wealthy clan, returning home after seven years in Europe and filled with ideas on how to better the lot of his countrymen. Striving for reforms, he is confronted by an abusive ecclesiastical hierarchy and a Spanish civil administration by turns indifferent and cruel. The novel suggests, through plot developments, that meaningful change in this context is exceedingly difficult, if not impossible.
- 22. NOTABLECHARACTERS • JuanCrisostomoIbarra:The maincharacterandthesonofDonRafael Ibarra.Herepresentsthe idealisticandprogressiveFilipinowho wantsto reformthesociety. • MariaClara:The love interestofIbarraandthe daughterofCaptainTiago andDoña PiaAlba.She representstheimageof theFilipinain thenovel. • PadreDamaso:The formerparishpriestof SanDiegowho is thebiological fatherofMariaClara.He representsthecorruptandabusiveSpanishfriars who oppress theFilipinos.
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- 24. PRESENTEDBY: Madaiton, Elliah FebeMarie Mondares, Rosalie Naparan, Rhea Jean Pangan, Abegail Rayo, Rommel Sajo, Kimberly Seballa, Nicole Yanos, Christine BSED-ENGLISH-3B
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