1. Post-calving metabolic and inflammatory diseases are common problems in dairy farms that cause economic losses. 2. Common metabolic diseases include milk fever, ketosis, fatty liver syndrome, and grass tetany which are often related to minerals and energy imbalances. 3. Inflammatory diseases like mastitis, metritis, and retained placenta can be prevented through proper nutrition, body condition, and calving management. 4. Treatment of diseases involves rehydration, calcium supplementation, anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, and supportive care depending on the specific condition. Prevention through nutrition and herd health management is important to reduce post-calving diseases in dairy farms.

1. Post calving problems
in dairy farms
Dr/Hamed Attia
Professor of Vet. Internal Medicine,
Zagazig University,Egypt

2. 1-Problems related
to dames
A-Metabolic
diseases
B-Inflammatory
disease

3. AA--Metabolic DisordersMetabolic Disorders
2- Hypo-magnesemia
1- Hypo-calcemia (Milk Fever)
1-Minerals & Vitamins Disorders

4. 1- Ketosis (Acetonemia)
2- Fatty Liver Syndrome
2--Energy-Related
Disorders

5. Group of diseases that mostly occur afterGroup of diseases that mostly occur after
parturitionparturition
i. Sub acute or acute acidosis
ii. Laminitis
iii. Ketosis
iv. Fatty liver
v. LDA
vi. Milk fever
vii. Downer cow
viii. Retained placenta
ix. Liver abscesses
x. Metritis
xi. Mastitis
xii. Bloat
xiii. Grass tetany

6. Metabolic diseases are relatedMetabolic diseases are related
to one anotherto one another
Animals affected from milk fever is
more prone to
– Mastitis
– Left Displacement of abomasam
– Dystokia
– Udder odema
– Ketosis

7. Cow related to acidosis is moreCow related to acidosis is more
prone toprone to
– Lamininitis
– LDA
– Milk fever
– Mastitis
– Fatty liver

8. Retained placenta is moreRetained placenta is more
prone toprone to
– Metritis
– LDA
– Ketosis

9. 11-- Milk FeverMilk Fever

10. Milk Fever (MF)Milk Fever (MF)
Disease of high producing animals
Etiology:
– Onset of lactation (usually first 72 hr postpartum)
Normal calcium level in
blood:10mg/dL
MF: 5 mg/dL
– Affects older cows and Jersey breed more often
--Hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesiemia can also
be present

13. TreatmentTreatment
• (A) Hygienic treatment:
• 1) Ample space should be provided with soft
clean bedding under sternum.
• 2) Clean water supply.
• 3) Easy digested food. Using stomach tube to
avoid aspiration pneumonia.

14. • 4) Rotate the
affected animal from
side to side to avoid
tympany and
hypostatic
congestion.

15. (B)(B)--Medical treatmentMedical treatment
• 1)Source of Calcium
A-Small cow(300-
400 Kg):
R/500 ml (375 ml IV
very slowly and
125 ml SC after 30
min. at different
sites.

16. • Large cow( More
than 500 Kg B .w.)
• 1 Liter:
• ½ Liter at morning
• ½ Liter at evening

17. Examples of Ca preparationExamples of Ca preparation
• R/Ca boro-gluconate (20% or 25%)
• Or
R/ Cal. D. Mg (Ca & Dextrose & Mg)
R/Calcium amino-plex (Ca & amino acids).
NB:
• I/v Ca solution should be slowly to
prevent cardiac arrest.
• Continue for 3-5 days days or till complete
recovery

18. (2) Compounds which increasing calcium
level in blood:
R/ AD3E&C (15 ml / daily IM).
& R/ACTH 400-500 IU I/M
3) Anti-inflammatory (Non Steroidal)
R/Declo-phenac Na 2.5% 4 ml/100 Kg B W.
(4) Supportive treatment:
R/Dextrose 25% or 40% 2 liter IV.

19. (5) Udder insufflations:
Insufflating of the udder with
air was an alternative for
treatment for cows which
continued to relapses
followed repeated ca
injection.

20. Ketosis and Fatty liverKetosis and Fatty liver
• ketosis and Fatty liver are most likely to
occur during periods when blood NEFA
concentrations are elevated.
• Incomplete oxidation of NEFA leads to
formation of ketones – aceto acetate and
beta-hydroxy butyrate
 Mobilization of body reserves ensues

21. Ketosis (freshKetosis (fresh--cow disease)cow disease)
Etiology:
– Occurs during the postpartum
– Ketone bodies accumulate in the body
fluid
– Affects high producing cows and cows
that are over conditioned during dry period

23. Treatment of ketosisTreatment of ketosis
– 500 mL of 50% Dextrose solution (i.v.)
– Glucocorticoid injection (Dexametasone)
– Oral administration Propylene Glycol (PG)
7 days before calving
PG increase gulcose, reduces insulin>>
reduces fat mobilization
Feeding 3-12g of niacin per day may reduce
blood ketones
Salts of propionic acid may be effective in lowering
blood ketones

24. Management and PreventionManagement and Prevention
 Must not be compromised before and
after caving
 Be aggressive in treating other fresh-cow
diseases
(e.g. milk fever, retained placenta,etc.)
 Adjusting the diet ----------by increasing
appropriate amount of concentrates in the
ration.

25. DisplacedDisplaced AbomasumAbomasum (DA)(DA)
Refers to repositioning of abomasum from
the right ventral abdominal wall
– Twisting and displacement slows or stops
flow
of digesta leads to bloat appearance
• “Pinging” detected with stethoscope by
thumping the cow near the last rib and
listening on the left flank
– Displacements may be left or right sided
(RDA,LDA)
 Most are left sided

26. DisplacedDisplaced AbomasumAbomasum
 Symptoms
– Dramatically changes in the position of
abomasum
– Drastic decrease in milk
– Cows appear to be in pain/restless
 Most often diagnosed within 14 days
postpartum

27. DisplacedDisplaced AbomasumAbomasum TreatmentTreatment
 Non-surgical treatment
– Rolling cow over, taking on rough trailer ride
– Locating the abomasum, remove gas from
abomasum, toggle
– May only provide temporary relief
 Surgical treatment
– Pull abomasum into place and attach it
surgically to body wall

28. DisplacedDisplaced AbomasumAbomasum
• Prevention
• Increasing the forage to concentrate ratio in
diet fed in late gestation and early lactation
will decrease the incidence
• Grain intake after calving should be
increased slowly (0.25 kg/day)
• Decline in the calcium around parturition
linearly decrease abomasal contractility,
which is suspected to lead to distension and
abomasal atony so supply ca in excess

29. DystociaDystocia
Over-conditioning 􀃏 risk substantially
• Due to:
• High stress, Twins, etc.
• 12x as likely to retain placenta
• 4.9x as likely to have metritis
• Most often accompanied by the cascade
of fresh problems

30. AcidosisAcidosis
• Rumen acidosis is associated with the feeding of diets
with higher grain amounts
• It commonly occurs in the first month of lactation
• Dry-off a cow is fed a high forage ration that is less
energy dense and higher in NDF than the lactation ration,
it affects rumen function
• Ruminal populations ill-suited to dense
rations after ~8 weeks on a dry cow diet
• Gram toxins 􀃏 immune function

31. Retained Placenta (RP)Retained Placenta (RP)
• Failure of fetal membranes to be expelled
from the uterus within 12 to 24 hours
– Dystocia and twinning increases incidence of
retained placenta
– More common in older cows
– Increased incidence with fat cow syndrome
and hypocalcemia, among other things
RP is indirectly associated with the higher
occurence of cystic ovaries

32. Retained PlacentaRetained Placenta
• Prevention
 Proper nutrition specially during dry period
• Supplementation with selenium
• Adequate amounts of vitamin A and fiber
 Proper body condition at calving
• Over-conditioned cows are at an increased risk
 Reduce dystocia– by proper managment
• Assisted deliveries increase risk of RP’s

33. Udder edemaUdder edema
• Characterized by excessive accumulation
of fluids in the intercellular tissue spaces of
the mammary gland.
• Excessive intakes of sodium and potassium
were implicated as causative agents
• Oxidative stress of mammary tissue resulting
in reactive oxygen metabolites may play a role
in udder edema
• A diet must supply adequate vitamin E, copper,
magnesium, zinc, manganese and selenium.

34. GrassGrass tetanytetany
•It is most often associated with cows in early lactation
grazing in pastures high in potassium and nitrogen
and low in magnesium and sodium
•The disease will be more severe if accompanied by
hypocalcemia.
•For prevention get an additional 10-15 g of Mg into
each pregnant cow and 30 g into each lactating cow
per day usually prevents further hypomagnesemic
tetany.
•Magnesium is readily acceptable in grain
concentrates.
•For 60 g of magnesium oxide just 0.5-1 kg of grain will
be effective.

35. LAMINITISLAMINITIS
• The lactic acid, endotoxins and histamine
released as the rumen flora die, are
absorbed systemically and affect the
microvasculature of the growing hoof wall,
which then result in clinical laminitis
• Avoiding an abrupt switch from dry-off
ration to high lactation ration will be a good
start for the prevention of laminitis.

36. B-Inflammatory diseases
1-Mastitis 2-Metritis

37. 11--MastitisMastitis
•It is inflammation of one or more quarters of
the udder
Normal
Inflamed
Swelling
pain
warm
redness

38. Economic ImportanceEconomic Importance
of mastitisof mastitis
•Animal health
–Loss of functional quarter
–Lowered milk production
–Death of cow
•Human health
–Poor quality milk
–Antibiotic residues in milk

39. Types of MastitisTypes of Mastitis
• Contagious
• Environmental

40. OrganismsOrganisms
• Contagious microorganisms
– Staphylococcus aureus
– Streptococcus agalactiae
– Mycoplasma bovis
– Corynebacterium bovis
• Environmental microorganisms
– Environmental E Coli ( Coliform Mastitis)

41. Mastitis Clinical SyndromesMastitis Clinical Syndromes
1-Peracute Mastitis:
– Sudden onset,
– severe inflammation of the udder, and serous
milk-
– Systemic illness often precedes the
symptoms manifested in the milk and
mammary gland.

42. Coliform Mastitis

43. Clinical signs of contageous mastClinical signs of contageous mast
Normal temperature with no systemic reaction
Inflammation of the udder, decreased production.
Milk clots. (‫اللبن‬ ‫تجبن‬)
Decrease in milk production.

48. To Success in Treatment
Correct
Diagnosis
Drug Used
Dose
&
Route of adm.
Duration
‫النجاح‬ ‫عوامل‬
‫حالة‬ ‫عالج‬ ‫قى‬

49. Main Line of Treatment
Of Masititis
Hyagenic Medical Supportive T

50. Line of
Treatment of
Coliform Mastitis
2-Anti-
Inflamm.
3-Antibiotic
1-Fluid
therapy
5-Vitamin
A&C4-Oxytocine

51. Teat orifice)LocalSystemic antibiotics
Mastilex
(Gent +Cephalo.)
Marbfloxacine
Amoxiclline
Cefalosporine
Neomastipra
Penicilline+
Streptomycine
Tetradelta
or Lincosin
Flurphinicol
(Gent +Cephal
Gentamycin

52. Line of
Treatment of
Contagious Mastitis
2-Anti-
Inflamm.
1-Local
Antibiotic
4-Vitamin
A&C3-Antihistamnic

53. 2-Bloody milk due to leptospira
Clinical Signs ( ‫حلمات‬ ‫اربع‬ ‫من‬ ‫ينزل‬ ‫الدم‬
C*flaccid udder & flappy
*the blood come from all quarter
*no inflammation of the udder
*has bloody urine
treatment :
1-Antibiotic
 Or R/Streptomycine 5Gm I/M for 14 days
2-I/M mammary infusion of epinephrine alone or with
saline (1 - 2 amp.)
2-I/V injection of Ca 50-100 cm
3- I/M injection of Vit.K→ amri K 1 amp. / 70 kg B.wt
 4-Phosphorus preperation:

54. 3-bloody milk due to trauma
)‫فقط‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫ربع‬ ‫)من‬
( One or two quarter):
* blood only without milk
*treatment of traumatic bloody milk:
1-I/ mammary infusion of epinephrine alone
or with saline (1 - 2 amp.)
2-I/V injection of Cal-D-Mag → 50-100 cm
3- I/M injection of Vit.K→ amri K 1 amp. /
70 kg B.wt
4- cold application