This document discusses diseases caused by parasites in livestock. It covers: 1) The main causes of parasitic diseases which are internal parasites like trematodes, nematodes, and cestodes, as well as external parasites like ticks, lice, and mites. 2) Predisposing factors like poor nutrition, housing management, and anemia that increase susceptibility. 3) The pathological damage parasites can cause through mechanical damage, obstruction, pressure, and depletion of the host's resources. 4) Methods of control including good nutrition, housing management, protective treatment, and seasonal treatment. 5) Various drugs used to treat internal and external parasites in livestock and their indications, dosages, and administration routes.

1. DISEASES CAUSED
BY PARASITES
Prof.Hamed Attia

2. 1-Etiology:
A- Main Causes:
1.Internal Parasities
I-Tremadodes :( Fascioliasis and
Paramphistomiasis)
II-Nematodes
(:Ascaris- Lung worm- Parasitic gastritis-
Parasitic enteritis)
III- Cestodes: (Monieziasisis- Avitellina
2.External Parasities( Ticks- Lice - Mites)

3. 2.External Parasities:
Ticks
Lice
Mites

8. B-Predisposing factors:
Nutrition:--1
A) Poorly fed animals are more
susceptible because their
failure to throw off infestation
quickly.
Ex.:
In calves lung worm.

9. B) A dietary deficiency of a
specific nutrient such as:
cobalt, copper, phosphorus led
to reduction of animal’s
resistance
C) Anemia.
D) Poor growth.

10. :Housing management-3
Fecal contamination of feed.
Crowding.
 Insufficient bedding .
 Inadequate nutrition.

11. II-Pathological Damage
of the parasite on the Host:
I-Mechanical Damage:
•Destroy tissue and causing wounds
ulcers and bleeding.
• as:
• in Haemonchus contortus (Stomach)
•Paramphistomum Cervix
• Immature rumen flukes in the small
intestine .

12. .
2- Obstruction.
may occur in the
small airways of
lungs infected by:
Dictyocaulus spp.
2-Ascaris

13. .
3- Pressure:
on the liver or lungs from:
Echinococcus granulosus hydatid
cysts.
Tissue under excessive pressure is
not well nourished with blood and
may become inactive.

14. III-Depletion of the animal:
Parasites absorb food that the
host has already ingested for
its own use.
(tapewormsMoniezia expansa

15. IV-Allergic reaction:
-Chemical components of parasites
are foreign to the host and can
cause allergic reactionsDictyocalus
-Bunostomum

16. ● Acute, subacut or chronic snail-born disease
● Affecte liver and bile ducts of herbiverous
mammals and man
● Caused by Fasciola Spp
● Characterized by sudden death in acute form
bottle-jaw
paller of mucosa
shedding of hair or wool
chronic
form
Sep. 05 AB
1-Fascioliasis

17. ~8 weeks
in snail to
release of
infective
fluke
~12 weeks
from infection
to adult fluke
(G) Life Cycle:

18. (a) Clinical findings (1)
i- Acute fascioliasis
This is a more common occurance in
sheep and goats and less commonly
found in cattle.
1- Sudden death without any clinical signs
2- If the disease observed, there are:
- Dullness, weakness & anorexia
- Recumbancy & subnormal temperature
- Pain on palpation on the liver
- Death occurs rapidaly & may be accompanied
with passage of blood-stained discharges from
nostril & anus
Sep. 05 AB

19. (a) Clinical findings (2)
Sep. 05 AB
This is a more common occurance in
sheep and goats and less commonly
found in cattle.
1- Loss of weight
2- Paller of mucous membrane
3- Submandibular oedema seen only on few cases
ii- Subacute fascioliasis

20. (a) Clinical findings (3)
iii- Chronic fascioliasis
This is a more common occurance
in cattle and less commonly found
in sheep and goats
1- Loss of weight
2- Pallor of mucosae
3- Bottle-jaw
4- Sheeding of wool may occur
5- Some die after 2-3 m & other
survive with emaciation
Sep. 05 AB
In sheep:
2
3

22. III-Control:
:Nutrition)1
Good nutrition status and
freedom specific nutritional
deficiencies increase the
resistance of live stock to the
effects of helminth parasites.

23. :Housing management-2
Avoid over crowding.
Remove manure frequently, provide
plenty of bedding.
Feed and water should be high enough
off the floor to avoid fecal contamination
Maintain the plan of nutrition .
Avoid moving of animals from area free
from internal parasites to area heavy
infested with parasites.

24. 4) protective treatment :
*Protective dosing with
anthelminthics prevent infestation
against clinical or subclinical
parasitic disease.
A-Indication:
1-treatment for individual animal
exhibiting clinical signs.

25. How can you choose anthelmintic
1 -Mode of action, spectrum of
activity,
2 -Duration of effect and its efficacy
(i.e. kill adult or larvae, suppress the
parasitic egg production, or promote
the expulsion of worm from GIT.
3-The frequency of treatment .

26. The ideal anthelmintic has the
following properties:
(a)A broad spectrum activity against adult
and larval helminth parasites.
(b)A rapid metabolism in the body.
(c)A low toxicity in the target species.
(d)No side-effects to the animal.

28. Administration
of
Anthelmintics:

29. 1-Dosing by mouth
 The majority of anthelmintics are given by
mouth as:
 liquid preparations
 pastes
 boluses
 tablets

30. 2-Dosing by injection
The size of needles
the site of injection

31. Control
3- Seasonal treatment:-
* Timed by seasonal transmission
factor can reduce the number of
treatment but may fail if
environmental factors changed.

32. 8. Drugs used for treatment of :
internal and external
parasites.

33. In sheep and goats 1 tablet/ 25 kg
per osImmature and adult Fasciola
Spp.
Cattle 14/50, sheep 2/10 as
drench
)Pharma-Swead(
Tape, round and lung worm,
and adult liver fluke
Albendazole
1g / 10 kg Bwt. orally
)Pfizer(
Gastro-intestinal nematodesBanminth
1ml/ 5 kg per os
)Upjohn(
Parasitic gastroenteritis, lung
worm and tape worm
Tyvert
3ml /10 kg orally
)ADWIA(
Fascioliasis, and all type of
nematodes .
Thibendazole and
Rafoxanide mixture
12.5ml /100 kg orally
(ADWIA(
Fascioliasis, wire worms and
oestrus ovis .
Rafoxanide
Suspension
1ml/a50 kg S/C
)Bio trading(
Internal and external
parasites.
Genesis)
7ml / 100 kg Bwt. S/C in different
area in the neck
)Byer(
Gastro-intestinal nematodes
and lung worm
Citarine
1ml / 25 kg Bwt. S/C
)Cid(
Liver flukeFasciolid
1ml / 25 kg Bwt. S/C
(MSD)
Liver fluke and round worms.Ranide
cattle and sheep 0.5 ml / 10 kg
Bwt. S/C & I/M.
(NVESA(
Immature and mature
fascioliasis and GIT
nematodes
Rolenol
1ml /25 kg S/C
)ADWIA(
Fascioliasis, round worms
and oestrus ovis .
Rafoxanide 7.5%
1ml/25 kg S/C
(RHONE MERIEUX)
Fascioliasis, gastro-intestinal
parasites and oestrus ovis.
Dovenix
Dose, route of adminstration &
company
Indication
Drug & active
principle
Fasinex250

34. Dose, route of adminstration &
company
IndicationDrugs & active principle
5ml/15 kg oral drench
)Pharma-Swead(
Broad spect. Anthelmentics
against round worm of GIT,
Lung of cattle, sheep and goat.
Levamisole
15ml/100 kg Bwt
paramphist. 40 ml/100 kg
)Schering-plough(
GIT Nematodes, Cestodes,
fasciolahepatica &
Paramphistomum
Hapadex
4 ml / 10 kg Bwt orally
for GIT nematodes & adult
fascioliasis) Pfizer(
GIT Nematodes, round, tape
worms and Fasciola
Valbazinesus
(Albendazole)
1TABLET / 80 kg Bwt orally(Pfizer)GIT Nematodes, round, tape
worms and Fasciola
Valbazine tab
Albendazole))
40g / 100 kg Bwt. orally( Uccma)Ascaridia and oxyuris in cattle
and horses
Piperazine
citrate 50%
10g / 100 kg Bwt. orally
)ADWIA(
Ascaridia and oxyuris in cattle
and horses
Piperazine
DHC 52%
Cattle, sheep & dog 1 tablet / 10 kg
Bwt. orally
(Byer(
Taenia spp. and
paramphistomum.
Yomesan
)Niclozamid(
Past syring / 600 kg Bwt. on the base
of the tongue
)MSD Agvet(
Internal parasites of horseEquvalan
)Ivermectin(