India has the second highest population in the world. Some key causes of population growth in India include high birth rates due to factors like universality of marriage and low standards of living, as well as decreased death rates due to better healthcare. This population explosion leads to issues like overexploitation of natural resources, increased environmental pollution, and poverty. India's population is characterized by its age structure, sex ratio, and dependency ratio. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) works on issues related to population dynamics worldwide.

1. Dr. Sunayana
Asst. Professor
Dept. of Community Medicine

2. Definition
Population Explosion is defined as-
“the rapid increase in the world population
beyond the normal limits.”

3. 1.High Birth Rate :
Causes of High Birth Rate are :
• Universality of Marriage
• Early Marriage
• Low standards of living

4. • Low level of Literary
• Traditional customs and habits
• Absence of family planning

5. The declining death rate has been attributed to:
• Absence of natural checks , eg., famines and large
scale epidemics.
• Better control of diseases like small pox, plague ,
cholera , COVID-19 etc.

6. • Better health facilities eg. Establishment of primary
health centres and other treatment centres.
• Improvement in food supply
• International aid in several directions
• Advances in medical science

7. Better Health and
Nutrition
Better Sanitation and Hygiene
Better Education
3. Increase in Life Expectancy:

8. 🔸Japan , Switzerland , Singapore - highest life expectancy in the
world – 83 yrs
🔸 India has a life expectancy of 68yrs
India
68

9. 4. Increase In Immigration :
• It happens when a large amount of people migrate to a
already populated place with intensions to reside
permanently.

10. 5. Increase in Density of Population
•The population density is the
population per unit area .
🔸The population density of India
is 416 people per square km,
Rank- 31st in the world.

11. Causes Of Population Explosion:
 High Birth & Fertility Rate
 Decrease in Death Rate
 Increase in life expectancy
 Increase in Immigration
 Increase in Population Density

12. Consequences of Population
Explosion
Overexploitation of Natural Resources
Industrialisation and Urbanisation
Economic effects
Social effects
Environmental Pollution
Poverty , Malnutrition and Famines

13. 1. Overexploitation of Natural Resources
High rate of population
Requirements of people
increased at a tremendous
rate
Natural resources were
unexpectedly
overexploited
Depleted.

14. • The Earth has limited amount of
resources in the form of water,
flora,fauna, minerals , fossil fuels .
• Out of them some are renewable
and some are non renewable .
Thee Non renewable resources are
being extinct because of over
utilisation of resources

15. 2. Industrialisation n Urbanisation :
• As the country develops
from primarily
agricultural to an
industrial economy, large
scale emigration of rural
residents to towns and
cities take place.

16. 3. Environmental Pollution :
• The tremendous growth of
population has led to the
degradation of environment.
• Air, Water and soil is getting
polluted.

17. • Poverty and malnutrition is a growing and
common phenomenon in the underdeveloped
countries.
• Millions of people live in hunger and suffer from
MALNOURIMENT as they cannot afford food ,
nutritious food or cannot provide farming supplies
on their own.

18. 5. Economic Effects
• Economic Crisis
• Unemployement
• Loss of equilibrium
between demand
and supply

19. 6. Social Effects
• Increasing social tension and
conflict
• Intergeneration dispersion of
wealth
• Large family networks

20. Population Dynamics of India
 Changes in population size

21. Dyna
mics
Natalit
y
Mort
ality
Emigr
ation
Immig
ration

22. Age Structure Diagram
• Refers to the distribution of males and females
according
to age.
• Three age categories are:
(A) Pre-reproductive Age (0-14)
(B) Reproductive Age (15-44)
(C) Post – reproductive age (45 and above )

24. Sex ratio
• Sex ratio is "the number
of females per 1000 male

25. Dependency ratio:
It is the ratio of the combined age groups of 0-14
years and 65 years and above to the age group 15-
65 years. Age group 15-65 is considered to be
economically productive.
It is also called societal dependency ratio.
This is a relatively crude ratio.

26. Others
•Education
•Urbanisation
•Family Size
•Life expectancy

29. Q. What is India’s global rank in population?
a) First
b) Second
c) Third
d) Fourth
(b) Second

30. Q. Which of the following is not a cause of
population dyanamics?
a. Emigration
b. Mortality
c. Morbidity
d. Number of births
(c) Morbidity

31. Q. Which of the following migration of population
does not change the size of Population?
(a) External migration. (b) Internal migration
(c) International migration. (d) National migration
(b) Internal migration

32. Q. Which one of the following is a result of
overpopulation?
a) Adequate storage of natural resources
b) Pressure on land and other renewable resources
c) Increasing the amount of forest
d) Decrease the shortage of water
b) Pressure on land and other renewable resources

33. Q. Reproductive age group includes :
(a) 0-14 yrs (b) 45 and above
(c) 15-44 yrs (d) 20-30 yrs
(c) 15-44 yrs

34. Q. All are causes of high birth rate, except :
(a) Early Marriage (c) Low levels of literacy
(b) Traditional customs. (d) High standards of living
(d) High standards of living

35. Q. Identify the shown logo...

37. Q. Identify the shown logo...

38. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly
the United Nations Fund for Population Activities.

39. Q. The highest life expectancy is seen in .............
Japan , Switzerland , Singapore
Q. World Population day is celebrated on...
 11th July