This document discusses population growth in India and methods for population control. It notes that India's population has grown significantly in recent decades and now exceeds 1.2 billion people. Several factors have contributed to India's population explosion, including decreasing death rates and high birth rates driven by poverty, illiteracy, and cultural norms. The large population is straining resources and causing issues like increased pollution, food and water shortages, and unemployment. The document advocates for planned population control methods like increasing education and marriage ages and expanding family planning programs to help reduce birth rates and stabilize India's population.

1. POPULATION AND ITS CONTROL
Md Yusuf Ali
Senior tutor
K. J. Somaiya college of nursing

2. INTRODUCTION
 Population explosion a boon or a curse? For the
European developed countries like Spain and
Italy, where the population is decreasing, this
might be considered as a boon. However, for the
developing countries like India, population
explosion is a curse and is damaging to the
development of the country and it’s society.

3. MEANING
 The literal meaning of population is “the whole
number of people or inhabitants in a country or
region”.
 The literal meaning of population explosion is “a
sudden, large increase in the size and number of
population”.
 In simple words, it could be defined as increase in
birth rates and decrease in death rates.

4. FORMULA
 Population change = (Births + Immigration) –
(Deaths + Emigration)
 Migration is the number of people moving in
(immigration) or out (emigration) of a country,
place or locality

5. POPULATION GROWTH IN INDIA
 According to 2001 census India's total population
has crossed 1,028,737,436 out of which
532,223,090 are males and females are
496,514,346.
 Of this number, 157,863,145 are children up to
the age of six years out of which 81,911,041 are
males and 75,952,104 are females.

6.  According to the 15th Indian Census in 2011
spread across 29 states and 7 union territories that
covered 640 districts,5,767 tehsils,7,933 towns
and more than 600,000 villages.
population Total
Male
Female
1,210,193,422
623,724,248
586,469,174
Literacy Total
Male
female
74%
82.10%
65.10%

7. POPULATION TRENDS FOR MAJOR RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN
INDIA(2001-2011)
Religion 2001 population % 2011 population %
Hindu 80.46 79.80
Muslim 13.46 14.23
Christianity 2.34 2.30
Sikhism 1.87 1.72
Buddhism 0.77 0.70
Jainism 0.41 0.37
Other religions/No religion 0.72 0.9

8. REASONS FOR THE POPULATION
 The increase in birth rates due to medical
improvements and illiteracy.
 The decrease in death rates due to better medical
facilities and advancements in the field of
medicine.
 Immigration to better developed countries due to
several reasons like better job opportunities, war,
and natural causes like hurricanes, earthquakes,
and so on.

9. REASONS FOR INCREASE IN POPULATION IN INDIA
 Birth rate
 Poverty
 Illiteracy, traditions and cultural Norms. Death rates
 Advanced medical treatments.
 Migration plays an important role in the population
increase.
 However, in countries like India, migration plays a
big role in the population change.

10. SOME OTHER FACTORS
 Place of women in society
 Value of children in society
 Widow marriage
 Custom and belief
 Industrialization
 Urbanization
 Better health facilities
 Better health facilities
 Good housing condition

11. EFFECTS OF POPULATION EXPLOSION:
 Already India is containing 17.5%of the world’s
population. The current rate of population growth
in India is 1.2% and the total fertility rate is 2.1%.
 Air Pollution
 Water Pollution
 Increase in Demand For Food Resources
 Deforestation
 Unemployment and Illiteracy

12. CONSEQUENCES OF OVERPOPULATION.
 Land or Space
 Housing problems
 Food supply
 Water supply
 Sewage disposal
 Sanitation
 Health care and education
 Unemployment and poverty
 Crimes
 Traffic problem
 Fuel and energy problems

13. POPULATION CONTROL
 There are two ways of controlling human
population
 1 planned
 2. catastrophic
 Planned control of population:- the only
practicable method to control world population
is to reduced the birth rate. It can be achieved
by
* Education * increasing marriageable age
* family planning

14. EDUCATION
 Young people of reproductive age group should
be educated about the benefits of small family.
Mass media ( radio ,television , newspaper,
magazines, poster) and educational institutions
can play an important role in this campaigning.

15. MARRIAGEABLE AGE
 Present marriageable age is 18 years for female
and 21 years for males . Population experts
explain that raising marriageable from 18 to 20 or
22 would bring down the birth rate by 20-30% An
ICMR report has shown that about 49% women
in India are married before the legal age of 18
years.

16. FAMILY PLANNING
 Adopting government sponsored family planning
programme since 1951, birth rate in India has
came down only slightly (from 41.7 to 28.3 per
1000 per year in about 50 years)
 In 1975 , India Govt made a tentative programme
of compulsory sterilization that required one
parents to undergo sterilization after two children
. But due to public resistance , it was again
changed to voluntary approach.