Background of PRA, Origin, the difference between survey research and PRA, Johari window, principles of PRA, uses of PRA, tools of PRA, references, Social mapping of our Harshnagar area, thank you.
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) is a family of approaches and methods to enable rural people to share, enhance & analyze their knowledge of life & conditions, to plan & to act. Also known as Participatory Learning and Action (PLA).these slides will help you to understand the concept behind the PRA tools used in the extension surveys, to acquaint themselves with the knowlegde of village, town or area of interest.
This slide contains information regarding PRA and RRA tools. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) is a family of approaches and methods to enable rural people to share, enhance & analyze their knowledge of life & conditions, to plan & to act. Also known as Participatory Learning and Action (PLA).these slides will help you to understand the concept behind the PRA tools used in the extension surveys, to acquaint themselves with the knowlegde of village, town or area of interest.
This slide contains information regarding PRA and RRA tools. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
Space related tools and techniques of participatory rural appraisalDudaRam1
To study the Space related tools and techniques of participatory rural appraisal. By Duda Ram Gurjar, M.Sc (Agriculture) Final year, SKN college of agriculture jobner jaipur
Participatory Rural Appraisal are more of Methods of Interacting with the people of villages, rural areas whose data and countings are rarely done, but need to be looked at, after all they contribute for the GDP. A branch of Extension Education, Each one should be Cared For and shouldn't be overlooked.
rapid rural appraisal and participatory rural appraisalpooja garg
Rapid Rural Appraisal consists of a series of techniques for "quick and dirty" research that are claimed to generate results of less apparent precision, but greater evidential value, than classic quantitative survey techniques
A growing combination of approaches and methods that enable rural people to share, enhance and analyze their knowledge of life and conditions, to plan and act and to monitor and evaluate.
Participatory rural appraisal tools and techniquesAshish Murai
Lack of participation from the intended users of technologies leads to technological, management and extension gaps in the field of agriculture. Therefore, participatory techniques and tools have evolved to capture the farmer’s perspective for technology development and extension. Participatory Rural Appraisal is a mix of tools and techniques that help in looking at the farms from farmer's perspective.
An academic study of young Brisbane mothers exploring the connection between health and location. Conducted by Dr Julie-Anne Carroll (School of Public Health, QUT) and Dr Orit Ben-Harush (Creative Industries, QUT).
Space related tools and techniques of participatory rural appraisalDudaRam1
To study the Space related tools and techniques of participatory rural appraisal. By Duda Ram Gurjar, M.Sc (Agriculture) Final year, SKN college of agriculture jobner jaipur
Participatory Rural Appraisal are more of Methods of Interacting with the people of villages, rural areas whose data and countings are rarely done, but need to be looked at, after all they contribute for the GDP. A branch of Extension Education, Each one should be Cared For and shouldn't be overlooked.
rapid rural appraisal and participatory rural appraisalpooja garg
Rapid Rural Appraisal consists of a series of techniques for "quick and dirty" research that are claimed to generate results of less apparent precision, but greater evidential value, than classic quantitative survey techniques
A growing combination of approaches and methods that enable rural people to share, enhance and analyze their knowledge of life and conditions, to plan and act and to monitor and evaluate.
Participatory rural appraisal tools and techniquesAshish Murai
Lack of participation from the intended users of technologies leads to technological, management and extension gaps in the field of agriculture. Therefore, participatory techniques and tools have evolved to capture the farmer’s perspective for technology development and extension. Participatory Rural Appraisal is a mix of tools and techniques that help in looking at the farms from farmer's perspective.
An academic study of young Brisbane mothers exploring the connection between health and location. Conducted by Dr Julie-Anne Carroll (School of Public Health, QUT) and Dr Orit Ben-Harush (Creative Industries, QUT).
As a part of internship at MGNCRE, I have prepared this report on a village in Andhra Pradesh. This report typically includes PRA tools to document the problems of the village. I am currently pursuing MBA in Rural Management at KIIT School of Rural Management.
Disaster Prevention & Preparedness: Landslide in NepalKamlesh Kumar
This report is detailed study of the field survey conducted in Sindhupalchowk, Nepal. The basic objective of this report is to get a tough insight in the use of field techniques regarding disaster management. Geography deals with human interaction with nature. This phenomenon can be better understood through field studies. Geography, being a field science, a geographical enquiry always need to be supplemented through well planned field surveys. Field is an essential component of geographic enquire. It is a basic procedure to understand the earth as a home of humankind. It is carried out through observation, sketching, measurement, interviews, etc. Field work takes the children out of the class and enables them to better understand the subject by visiting the areas practically giving an insight into the social, cultural and economic lives of the people. This also adds up the advantage of visiting the grass root levels of the society and ameliorative comprehension of the GLOCAL lives. It also has instilled various research making techniques in the budding geographers and shaping their thinking perspectives. The field surveys facilitate the collection of local level information that is not available through secondary sources.
In this report, various methodologies have been employed such as mapping, digitization, measurement and interviewing (questionnaires designing), the collection and gathering of information at the local level by conducting primary surveys and later, tabulating and computing them is an important part of the field survey.
Furthermore, the field study report has been prepared in concise form alongside with maps and diagrams for giving visual impressions. Moreover, it contains all the details of the procedures followed, methods, tools and techniques employed and the modern technology of navigation, satellite connections, GIS software have been very helpful in the pre-field drills.
Disaster Prevention & Preparedness: Earthquake in NepalKamlesh Kumar
This report is detailed study of the field survey conducted in Kathmandu and Sindhupalchowk in Nepal on the earthquake disaster. The basic objective of this report is to get a tough insight in the use of field techniques regarding disaster management. Geography deals with human interaction with nature. This phenomenon can be better understood through field studies. Geography, being a field science, a geographical enquiry always need to be supplemented through well planned field surveys. Field is an essential component of geographic enquire. It is a basic procedure to understand the earth as a home of humankind. It is carried out through observation, sketching, measurement, interviews, etc. Field work takes the children out of the class and enables them to better understand the subject by visiting the areas practically giving an insight into the social, cultural and economic lives of the people. This also adds up the advantage of visiting the grass root levels of the society and ameliorative comprehension of the GLOCAL lives. It also has instilled various research making techniques in the budding geographers and shaping their thinking perspectives. The field surveys facilitate the collection of local level information that is not available through secondary sources.
In this report, various methodologies have been employed such as mapping, digitization, measurement and interviewing (questionnaires designing), the collection and gathering of information at the local level by conducting primary surveys and later, tabulating and computing them is an important part of the field survey.
Furthermore, the field study report has been prepared in concise form alongside with maps and diagrams for giving visual impressions. Moreover, it contains all the details of the procedures followed, methods, tools and techniques employed and the modern technology of navigation, satellite connections, GIS software have been very helpful in the pre-field drills.
The report has the following headings and sub-headings:
Introduction
Study area
Transit: Table & Maps
Disaster scenario of Nepal
Earthquake: Timeline
Causes
Impact
Who is helping Nepal?
Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Status
Objectives & Methodology
Literature review
Data representation and Analysis
Findings and Suggestions
Conclusions
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Annotated Bibliography
Engstrom, R., Hersh, J., & Newhouse, D. (2016). Poverty in HD: What Does High Resolution Satellite Imagery Reveal about Economic Welfare. Working paper.
This paper was a joint effort between researchers and seminar participants at the Boston University Development. The researchers got a financial support from the Strategic Research Program and World Bank Innovation. They selected areas for the sample, and they used some statistics of GN poverty and got some estimated from census of population to understand and prediction of the prevalence of poverty. They compared between the data which created spatial features from high resolution satellite imagery.
Moreover, the researchers made a classification for the objects such as of density and height of buildings, numbers of cars, type of roads and agriculture. The poverty has many correlates, some in urban areas and other in rural areas. Also, they used many indexes and indicators for modeling. They validated the poverty by using high resolution features and they explained the variation the extent of poverty. Finally, they concluded to many results, which indicated to a strong correlation between satellite indicators and predicted welfare. Also, the variables measuring were the strongest predictors of variation in poverty, Finally, they asserted the valuable of satellite imagery to help governments and stakeholders to elimination the poverty.
In sum, it is a useful paper, which has an explanation and analysis of how satellite images were used in poverty research, and what features can be extracted for analysis.
Engstrom, R. (2018). Linking pixels and poverty: Using satellite imagery to map poverty, Panel contribution to the population-environment research network cyber seminar,10516.
The author presented the importance of this topic and how many researchers in different disciplines have worked on poverty. The main goal for these researches is ending poverty in all its forms everywhere, that by defined its location. Recently, the researchers are starting to map the poverty. They performed mapping in traditional way by either using survey of household data or by combining them with census data. They faced many troubles in time, cost, and labors to collect data in many areas. Furthermore, the safety in the unstable areas. They avoided these problems by using satellite imagery. They started with images in night time lights to recognize the variations in poverty between countries. The researcher found "that areas with greater wealth have higher NTL light emissions and poorer areas have fewer light emissions." Since the results were limited to urban areas only. He focused on using high-resolution spatial images of less than 5 meters although they were expensive for researchers. Also, he used other approaches to map poverty areas including simple visual interpretation. He concluded to that the satelli.
A Geographical Study of Working Women from Kinwat Regioninventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Studying the tendency of citizens to participate in the protection and develo...IJEAB
Today, as an essential part and parcel of urban landscape that they play a major role in metabolism and create a lack of serious damage to urban life. This study performed to investigate the willingness of citizens to participate in activities to protect and develop landscapeof Tehran district 4. The research was descriptive and correlation method that is used for collecting information. The statistical population consisted of district 4 of Tehran. The sample size was determined 230 by using Cochrane method. A questionnaire was used to collect data. According to the research, 63.04 percent of citizens showed participation in a high level. Among the variables investigated how citizen participation in conservation and development of landscape, effective strategies to motivate citizens to participate,the reasons for lack of cooperation and participation of citizens learn about gardening and landscaping,introductory training centers with the desire of citizens to participate in municipal plants open landscape had a significant relationship and stepwise regression analysis results showed that four variableseffective strategies to motivate citizens to participate,method to involve citizens in the landscape,the reasons for lack of cooperation and participation of citizens familiar with gardening and landscaping activities have on the willingness of citizens to participate effectively.
Nutrition, food items, deficiency disorders, instruments related to nutrition, nutritive value of cereals, nutritive value of pulses, methods of pasteurization of milk, nutritive value per 60gm of egg, bitot's spot, angular stomatitis, scurvy, casal's necklace, rickets, protein energy malnutrition, kwashiorkar, marasmus, neuro lathyrism, salters scale, infantometer, stadiometer, body mass index, shakirs tape, harpendens calliper, ended with question answer session on two slides
NPCDCS, NP-NCDs, recent updates in national program for non-communicable diseases, components under NPCDCS, Objectives, strategies, behavioral changes, health activities at sub-center, at community health center, at district hospital, urban health check up scheme, cancer component, tobacco control legislation, provisions under COTPA act, NTCP.
Population explosion,definition,causes of population explosion,high birth rate, low death rate, life expectancy,immigration,density of population,consequences of population explosion,overexploitation of natural resources,industrialisation and urbanisation, environmental pollution, poverty,malnutrition & famines,economic effect,social effect,population dyanamics of india,natality,mortality,emigration,immigration,age structure,sex ratio,dependency ratio,birth control methods. lastly question answer session and Thank You
ACUTE GASTRO-ENTERITIS (AGE), TYPES, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD, MODE OF TRANSMISSION, CONTROL MEASURES, ORS THERAPY, ResMol, Assessment of dehydration, IV, MAINTAINANCE THERAPY, foods to eat and to avoid, APPROPRIATE FEEDING, CHEMOTHERAPY, ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION, better MCH care, preventive strategies & ends with questions on this topic.
PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH EDUCATION, INTRODUCTION, DEFINITION, AIM, PRACTICE OF HEALTH EDUCATION, INDIVIDUAL APPROACH, GROUP APPROACH, MASS APPROACH, CREDIBILITY, MOTIVATION, INTEREST, PARTICIPATION, REINFORCEMENT, COMPREHENSION, FEEDBACK, KNOWN TO UNKNOWN, LEARNING BY DOING, SETTING AN EXAMPLE, GOOD HUMAN RELATIONS, LEADER.
WHO five keys to safer food, food additives, food processing, effects of food processing, sanitation of food establishment & of food handlers, conservation of nutrients before-during & after cooking, food fortification, examples of fortified foods, how to choose fortificant.
health education, audio-visual aids, methods of health education, individual approach, group approach, demonstrations, group discussions, panel discussion, symposium, workshop, conference, role play, mass approach, billboards, health exhibition, folk media, thank you.
natural history of the disease, primordial prevention, primary prevention, health promotion, specific protection, 8 early sign of cancer, targets of health education, secondary prevention, tertiary prevention, disability inclusion education, rehabilitation, levels of prevention, lastly question-answer session.
Definition of health, determinants of health, the galenic concept of health, modern health concepts, biological, ecological, psychological & holistic concept, lastly question-answer session.
mortality indicator, IMR, MMR, disease-specific mortality, uses of mortality data, morbidity indicator, disability rates, nutritional status indicators, health care delivery indicators, utilization rates, social health indicators, mental health indicators, environmental indicators, socio-economic indicators, health policy indicators, indicators of quality of life, other indicators
introduction of food hygiene, food additives, food processing, sanitation of food establishment, food handlers, conservation of nutrients, before, during and after food preparation, food fortification, food adulteration, food standards, PFA act, milk hygiene, pasteurization of milk, tests of pasteurization, meat hygiene, slaughterhouse hygiene, fish hygiene, egg hygiene, along with references.
Summary of DART (Detect Adulteration with Rapid Tests), tests how to detect food adulteration at home, adulteration of milk, oil, sugars, grain, spices, etc. food standards, PFA act.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
COVID-19 PCR tests remain a critical component of safe and responsible travel in 2024. They ensure compliance with international travel regulations, help detect and control the spread of new variants, protect vulnerable populations, and provide peace of mind. As we continue to navigate the complexities of global travel during the pandemic, PCR testing stands as a key measure to keep everyone safe and healthy. Whether you are planning a business trip, a family vacation, or an international adventure, incorporating PCR testing into your travel plans is a prudent and necessary step. Visit us at https://www.globaltravelclinics.com/
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to CareVITASAuthor
This webinar helps clinicians understand the unique healthcare needs of the LGBTQ+ community, primarily in relation to end-of-life care. Topics include social and cultural background and challenges, healthcare disparities, advanced care planning, and strategies for reaching the community and improving quality of care.
This document is designed as an introductory to medical students,nursing students,midwives or other healthcare trainees to improve their understanding about how health system in Sri Lanka cares children health.
Letter to MREC - application to conduct studyAzreen Aj
Application to conduct study on research title 'Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer and precancer among dental outpatient in Klinik Pergigian Merlimau, Melaka'
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
2. Content
1. Background of PRA
2. Origin
3. Difference between Survey research & PRA
4. Johari Window
5. Principles
6. Uses
7. Tools
8. Reference
9. Social mapping in Harshnagar
3. Definition OF PRA
It is the process of involving local people
on the analysis and interpretation of their
own situation of a given rural area.
4. Background
Principles of Primary Health Care
Community Participation
Inter-sectorial coordination
Equitable distribution
Appropriate technology
5. PRA Origin (Time Line)
1950-60 1980
RRA
(RAPID RURAL APPRAISAL)
PRA
(Participatory Rural Appraisal)
Robert Chambers
Introduction of
the term
1970
Community
Development
Program (CDP)
6. Survey Research
1. Long time.
2. High cost
3. Fixed
4. Low participation
5. Heavy statistical
analysis
6. Formal questionnaire.
PRA
1. Short time.
2. Low cost
3. Flexible
4. High participation
5. On-the-spot analysis
6. Semi-structured
interviews and group
discussion.
7. Johari Window
A techniquethat helps people better
understand their relationship with
themselves and others.
It was created by psychologists Joseph Luft
and Harrington Ingham .
16. Social Map
Social mapping is one of the most popular tool in
PRA.
There are two main types of maps, sketch map &
scale map.
Use- To show data in community layout, health
patterns, demography, infrastructure of
community so on.
18. Resource Map
Social map focuses on habitation, community
facilities, roads, temples, etc.,
While resource map focuses on the natural
resources in the locality and depicts land, hills,
rivers, fields, vegetation etc.
It provides a bird’s eye view of the locality with a
focus of natural resources.
20. Transect Walk
It is popularly used for natural resource
management.
It is generally done after a resource map and,
therefore, helps in triangulation.
Use- To explore the spatial dimensions of
people’s realities.
22. Time Line
Time line captures the chronology of events as
recalled by local people.
It is not history as such but events of the past as
perceived and recalled by the people in
community.
Use- To understand from the community the
historical perspective on current issues.
25. Seasonal Map
It reflects the perceptions of the local
people regarding seasonal variations on a
wide range of items.
It has proved to be useful in project
planning, i.e., when to implement various
activities.
36. References
1. Sontheimer, S., et al. 1999. Conducting a PRA Training and Modifying PRA Tools to
Your Needs. An Example from a Participatory Household Food Security and Nutrition
Project in Ethiopia.
2. Ganapathy Kalaiselvan., et al. Sharing an Experience of Social Mapping Exercise at
Peri-urban Area of Puducherry. Nat.J.Res.Com.Med .,1(2), 2012.Soundappan
Kathirvel., et al. Social mapping: A potential teaching tool in public health. ISSN:
0142-159X (Print) 1466-187X (Online).
3. Ampt, P.R., 1988, "Rapid Rural Appraisal", Forbes Shire, February 1988 Initial Report,
School of Crop Sciences, University of Sydney.
4. Chambers, Robert (July 1994). "The origins and practice of participatory rural
appraisal" (PDF). World Development. 22(7): 953–969. doi:10.1016/0305-
750X(94)90141-4 .
5. Narinder Paul., Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) report of Village Kursari Tehsil
Bhaderwah,District Doda (J&K).
6. Ganesh Chandra., PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL . Issues and Tools for Social
Science Research in Inland Fisheries. Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute.
Bulletin 163. Pp. 286-302
7. Szymanski, M., L. Whitewing, and J. Colletti., (1998) The Use of Participatory Rural
Appraisal Methodologies to Link Indigenous Knowledge and Land Use Decisions
Among the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska. Indigenous Knowledge and Development
Monitor 6(2):3-6.