This document discusses polymer-matrix nanocomposites, which consist of a polymeric matrix with nanoscale particles dispersed within. Nanoparticles can control the fundamental properties of materials without changing their chemical composition. Polymer nanocomposites are classified as thermoplastic, thermoset, or elastomer based. They are prepared through methods like solution casting or melt blending. Polymer nanocomposites demonstrate improved electrical, optical, mechanical and barrier properties compared to conventional composites. Applications include the automobile sector, energy storage, coatings, and products requiring low flammability.