Polymers are large molecules formed by bonding many smaller molecules called monomers together in chains. There are natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic polymers classified based on origin. Polymers can also be classified based on monomer type, thermal response, formation method, structure, application, tacticity, and other parameters. Some important polymers include polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, nylon, and synthetic rubber.

1. INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
GLA UNIVERSITY
MATHURA
TOPIC – POLYMER
Presented by: Supervisor:
Chandan Arya Dr. Anuj Garg
M.Pharm 1st Sem
Roll no. 04

2. POLYMER ?
→Polymers are very large molecules made when hundreds of
monomers join together to form long chains.
→The word ‘polymer’ comes from the Greek words poly
(meaning ‘many’) and meros (meaning ‘parts’).
→Example: POL
YETHYLENE=
(ETHYLENE+ETHYLENE+......)
Where n =4,000

3. MONOMER ?
❖The small individual repeating units/molecules
are known as monomers(means singlepart).
❖Imagine that a monomer can be representedby
the letter O.Then a polymer made of that
monomer would have the structure:
-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-

4. CLASSIFICATION OF POLYMER
1. By Origin
2. By Monomer
3. ByThermal Response
4. ByMode OfFormation
5. By Structure
6. ByApplication &Physical Properties
7. By Tacticity

5. ON THE BASIS OF THEIR ORIGIN
❖Natural Polymers
➢Polymers which are isolated from natural
materials are called as natural polymers.
E.g. Silk, Wool, Natural rubber, Cellulose,
Starch, Proteins etc.

6. ❖Semisynthetic Polymers
➢The polymers obtained by simple chemical
treatment of natural polymers to improve their
physical properties like lustrous nature, tensile
strength are called semisynthetic polymers
E.g.Cellulose acetate, Cellulose nitrate

7. ❖Synthetic Polymers
➢Polymers synthesized in laboratory from low
molecular weight compounds, are called as,
synthetic polymers.
E.g.Nylon, Terylene, Polyethylene, Polystyrene,
Synthetic rubber, Nylon, PVC, Bakelite, Teflon etc.

8. MONOMER
❖Homo Polymers
➢Apolymer consist of identical monomers is
called homo polymer.
E.g.Polyethylene, PVC,Polypropylene, Nylon6
❖Co Polymers
➢Apolymer consist of monomers of different
chemical structure are called copolymers.
E.g.Nylon 6,6

9. THERMAL RESPONSE
❖Thermoplastic Polymers
➢They are easily moulded in desired shapes by
heating and subsequent cooling at room
temperature.
➢They are soft in hot and hard on colling.
➢They my be linear or branched chain polymers.
E.g. PE,PVC,PS,PP

10. ❖Thermosetting Polymers
➢This polymer is hard and infusible on heating.
➢These are not soft on heating under pressure and
they are not remolded.
➢These are cross linked polymers and are not
reused.
E.g. Bakelite

11. MODE OF FORMATION
❖Addition Polymers
➢The polymers formed by the addition of
monomers repeatedly without removal of by
products are called addition polymers.
➢These polymers contains all the atoms of
monomers hence their molecular weight are
integral multiple of monomer unit.
E.g. Teflon, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, PVC.

12. ❖CONDENSATION POLYMERS
➢They are formed by the combination of two
monomers by removal of small molecules like
H2O, Alcohol or NH3. Their molecular mass is not
the integral multiple of monomer units.
➢They have ester and amide linkage in their
molecules.
E.g. Polyamides(Nylons), Polyesters(PET)

13. BY STRUCTURE
❖Linear Polymers
➢In these polymers monomers are linked with
each other andform a long straight chain.
➢These chains has no any sidechains.
➢Their molecules are closely packed and have high
density, tensile strength, and melting point.
E.g.HDPE, Nylons

14. ❖Branched Polymers
➢They have a straight long chain with different side
chains.
➢Their molecules are irregularly packed hence they
have low density, Tensile strength and melting
point.
E.g.LDPE, LLDPE

15. APPLICATION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
❖Fibers
➢If polymer is drawn into long filament like
materiel whose length is at least 100 times it’s
diameter, are said to be converted intofiber.
➢They have high tensile strength because of high
intermolecular attractive force like Hydrogen
bonding.
➢Highly crystalline.
E.g.Nylon, Terylene.

16. ❖Plastics
➢Polymer is shaped into hard and tough utility
articles by application of heat and pressure, is
known as plastics.
➢Here the intermolecular force between
polymeric chains are intermediate between
elastomers and fibers.
➢They are partially crystalline.
E.g.Polystyrene, PVC, PMMA

17. ❖Elastomers
➢They are solids with rubber like elastic
properties.
➢Here the polymeric chains are held together by the
weakest intermolecular forces so they are highly
amorphous in nature.
➢These weak binding forces permit them to be
stretched.
E.g. Natural rubber, BUNA-S, BUNA-N,
Vulcanised rubber

18. ON THE BASIS OF TACTICITY
→Tacticity simply means deposition of side groups
in space
❖The head to tail configuration in which the functional
groups are all deposited on the same side of the chain,
is called isotactic polymers.
❖If the deposition of side groups is in alternating
fashion, it is called synditactic polymers.
❖If the deposition of side groups are at random around
the main, it is called atactic polymers.

19. ON THE BASIS OF PARAMETERS
❖ByCrystallinity
1. Crystalline – Monomers arranged in ordered way.
2. Amorphous – Monomers arranged in random way.
❖ByBackbone Atom
1. Organic – Polymer Backbone is made-up of
carbon atom.
2. Inorganic – Polymer Backbone is made-up of
other atoms