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Pollution
- 1.
- 2. Pollution Pollutionis the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms.
- 3. Types of pollution AirPollution Water Pollution Thermal Pollution Soil Pollution Radioactive Pollution
- 4. Air pollution Imbalance inthe quality of air so as to cause adverse affects on the living organisms existing on earth.
- 5. Causes of airpollution 1.Natural sources Volcanic eruptions Forest fires Pollen grains of flowers 2.Man-made sources Increase in pollution Deforestation Burning of fossil fuels and fires Emission from vehicles Rapid industrialization Wars
- 6. Control Measures – Removalof pollutants – Reduce sulphur content before burning – Use of energy sources other than fossil fuels – Legal measures from authorities – Increased planting of vegetation
- 7. Water Pollution – Contaminationof water by addition of undesirable organic, inorganic or biological substances to water sources – Natural sources: soil erosion, leaching of minerals from of rocks and decay matter. – Industrial effluents – Destroys ecosystem and effects human health
- 8. Sources of waterpollution • Community waste waters • Industrial wastes • Agricultural sources • Under ground water pollution • Marine pollution • Thermal pollution
- 9. Control of waterpollution • Treatment of garbage and sewage. • Chemical treatment. • Reduction of temperature of waste water. • Minimize the use of non - degradable pesticides. • Proper enactment of laws by government.
- 10. Soil pollution • Undesirablechange in the physical, chemical or biological property which adversely affects its productivity • Caused by dumping of wastes, agrochemicals and as indirect result of air pollution
- 11. Sources of SoilPollution • Domestic wastes • Agricultural wastes • Industrial wastes • Excretory products • Salination
- 12. Control of soilpollution • Proper disposal of industrial and agricultural wastes • Recycling and recovery of materials • Minimize the manufacture and use of chemical fertilizers • Reduce the use of pesticides
- 13. Radioactive pollution • Physicalpollution that affects air, water and soil. Caused by ionizing radiations of harmful nature emitted from disintegrating atomic nuclei. • The natural sources include cosmic rays that reaches the earth surface and radiations from radium 224, uranium 235 thorium 232 etc
- 14. Man made sources • Nuclear weapons • Reactors and Nuclear fuel • Waste waters containing these wastes • X-rays used in medical practices • Ultra violet rays present in solar radiations
- 15. Effects • Mutation • Cancer •Radioactive substances in food chain cause retarded growth and bone cancer. • Increases infant mortality rate
- 16. Control measures • Preventionof leakage of radioactive elements from nuclear reactors. • Proper storage and disposal of nuclear wastes • Regular monitoring • Increasing the use of non harmful energy sources
- 17. Noise pollution • Unwantedhigh pitch sound that pollutes the environment. • Maximum tolerable intensity of sound is 85 decibels • The main sources are automobiles, aero planes, loudspeakers, industries and other electro-mechanical devices.
- 18. Effects of noisepollution • Damage to ear drum and impairment to hearing. • Damages heart, liver and brain • Emotional disturbances and behavioral changes • Leads to anxiety and stress
- 19. Control measures • Designmachines with minimum sound • Proper lubrication maintenance of machines and installation of silencers. • Use of sound absorbing materials • Use of noise protective devices
- 20. Thermal Pollution The termthermal pollution has been used to indicate the detrimental effects of heated effluents discharged by various power plants.
- 21. Causes of thermalpollution Nuclear power plants Coal fired power plants Industrial effluents Domestic sewage
- 22. Control Measures Cooling towers Coolingponds Artificial lakes