Land pollution occurs as a result of human activities like deforestation, overuse of chemicals, and improper waste disposal. This damages soil and reduces forest cover. Key causes are degenerative human actions, misuse of land, soil pollution, and land conversion. Effects include increased climate issues, extinction of species due to lost habitats, and disruption of food chains. To prevent further land pollution, proper waste management, recycling, reuse, and growing more trees is needed at personal and industrial levels.

1. LAND POLLUTION
BIOLOGY PROJECT
MADE BY HAMMAD.SHARIQ.AHMED
GRADE IX-S

2. WHAT IS LAND POLLUTION ? ? ?
• Land pollution may be understood as
the deterioration of the earth’s land
surfaces, often directly or indirectly as
a result of man’s activities.

3. CAUSES OF LAND
POLLUTION
TOPIC # 1

4. DEGENERATIVE ACTIONS
• Include a lot of human
actions, like
deforestation, overuse of
pesticides and chemical
fertilizers, desertification, mining
, inefficient and / or
inadequate waste
treatment, landfill, litter, etc.
Many of these are
unavoidable;
however, definitely the severity
of these actions in terms of the
effects they have on the land
can be reduced by taking
appropriate and adequate

5. MISUSE OF LAND
• Mainly refers to cutting
trees to clear land for
agriculture, as well as
processes like
desertification and land
conversion.
• Desertification is when effects
of human development or
other actions convert a piece
of fertile land into desert-land
or dry-land. Land once
converted to desert-land can
never be reclaimed by any
amount of corrective
measures.

6. INEFFICIENT USE OF LAND
• Inefficient use of land as such is not
going to cause land pollution.
However, inefficient use of land
amounts to wastage, and hence
shortage of land; and it is precisely
during such conditions that man has to
resort to measure such as deforestation
and others to meet his needs. It is an
indirect cause of land pollution that is
often largely neglected.

7. SOIL POLLUTION
• When the top-most 'soil' layer of land is destroyed or
polluted. Soil pollution is again another cause of
land pollution that affects not only the land, but
also a lot of other things such as forest cover of a
region, productivity of land in terms of agriculture,
grazing etc. Soil pollution is also caused by wrong
agricultural practices, such as overuse of chemical
fertilizers and pesticides.

8. LAND CONVERSION
• When a piece of land is converted from its
indigenous form to a form used for either agriculture
or infrastructure. Land conversion is especially a
growing problem that we possibly do not have a
good solution for. Using a piece of land to its
maximum potential is the key to eliminate many of
the causes of land pollution, such as this one.

9. OTHER …
• … key causes of land
pollution include -
urbanization, improper
waste
disposal, industrial
activities, nuclear
research, chemicals
released by all sorts of
heavy industries, coal-
fired power
plants, metals
production
industries, etc.

10. EFFECTS OF LAND
POLLUTION
TOPIC # 2

11. EFFECTS ON CLIMATE
• Land pollutions leads to loss in the forest cover of
Earth. This is in turn going to affect the amount of
rain. Less rain mean lesser vegetation. The effect of
all different kinds of pollution will eventually lead to
problems like acid rains, greenhouse effect, global
warming.

12. EXTINCTION OF SPECIES
• Species are pushed towards
endangerment and extinction
primarily by two processes. Habitat
fragmentation is the fragmentation
of the natural habitat of an
organism; cause primarily by urban
sprawl. Habitat destruction, on the
other hand, is when land clearing
adversely affects animals special
such that their natural habitat is
lost. Both the actions can cause
some species to go extinct and
others to become invasive.

13. BIO MAGNIFICATION
• Process in which certain non-biodegradable
substances go on accumulating in the food-chain.
The most common example is of methyl mercury in
fish and mercury in eagles. Not only does bio
magnification put the particular species at risk, it
puts all the species above and below it at risk, and
ultimately affects the food pyramid.

14. EFFECTS ON BIODIVERSITY
• Species extinction and bio magnification is
going to overthrow the balance of nature
very significantly. The main reason for this is
disturbance created in the food chain. To
give you a very simple example - on
account of bio magnification of mercury in
eagles, they might go extinct in the
subsequent years. However, we know
eagles prey on snakes. Less (or no) eagles
will then result in more number of snakes!

15. PREVENTION OF LAND
POLLUTION
TOPIC # 3

16. PERSONAL LEVEL
• As you may have realized, land pollution is indeed
going to affect a lot more things than we thought it
will. Hence, I leave you with some corrective
measure you can take on a personal level to
reduce land pollution.
• Encourage organic farming - buy organic food.
• Proper garbage disposal - separate your garbage
before you give it to the garbage collector; and
strictly say NO to plastic.
• Encourage recycling - buy recycled
products, notebooks, paper, etc.
• Restrict use of herbicides and pesticides - they are
not only used in farm, but in your own backyard as
well.

17. DISPOSAL OF WASTES
• Proper waste management is the most important
thing to do for the prevention of land pollution.
Several steps should be taken to ensure that the
waste gets disposed in the most harmless way, i.e.
produces less or no toxins.

18. DISPOSAL OF WASTES
• One of the ways of doing this is by separating dry
and wet waste. Dry waste should be recycled or it
can be burned. On the other hand, wet waste
should be decomposed.

19. DISPOSAL OF WASTES
• This decomposed waste should be further dumped
in pits so that it can be converted into compost and
used for agriculture. When disposing of waste, the
authorities should treat it with various kinds of
chemicals, so that it has a very low level of toxicity.

20. RECYCLING AND REUSE
• People should buy and use products that have
been recycled. For instance, plastic bags should be
given up; instead, jute bags should be used.
Reusing old items is another good way to reduce
the stress on various resources.
Clothes, paper, glass, everything should be
recycled and reused, as far as possible.

21. BIODEGRADABLE PRODUCTS
• People should buy
biodegradable
products. Go organic
- that's the mantra for
avoiding land
pollution. Organic
farming, lessening the
use of
pesticides, buying
organic fruits and
vegetables and other
products, will keep
land pollution in
check.

22. GROW MORE TREES
• Initiative should be
taken to grow more
trees. Researches
show that trees can
actually fertilize the
soil. This means that
by growing
trees, soil will
become
fertile, agriculture
will get boosted
and land pollution
will greatly reduce.

23. EFFICIENT USE OF RESOURCES
• There should be minimal wastage. There should be
no littering. Oil and petrol should be used
judiciously. So should all the other products and
resources made from glass, plastic, metal and
paper.

24. SOME MORE … …
• Both individuals and authorities have to make
positive changes in the way they conduct
things. Spreading awareness, amongst the
common people, to use
organic, biodegradable products and to
efficiently use resources, should be taken up
seriously by the government. The industries too
should follow proper procedures of industrial
waste disposal. In addition to this, trees should
be saved and more plants should be grown. All
these initiatives are mandatory for any project
on the prevention of land pollution, to be
successful.

25. CITATION
• http://www.buzzle.com/articles/c
auses-and-effects-of-land-
pollution.html
• http://www.buzzle.com/articles/pr
evention-of-land-pollution.html
• http://www.all-recycling-
facts.com/cause-of-land-
pollution.html