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The document discusses the main types of pollution: air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, and noise pollution. It provides details on the causes and effects of each type of pollution. Air pollution is caused by the introduction of chemicals and particulate matter into the atmosphere from sources such as vehicle emissions and industrial activities. Water pollution occurs when pollutants contaminate bodies of water. Land pollution degrades the earth's surface through improper waste disposal and misuse of land. Noise pollution is disruptive, excessive noise that affects humans and animals. The document also suggests some ways to reduce each type of pollution, such as using alternative energy sources to prevent air pollution.
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- 3. ENVIRONMENT • The naturalenvironment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth or some region thereof. • • It is an environment that encompasses the interaction of all living species. • Complete ecological units that function as natural systems without massive human intervention, including all vegetation, microorganisms, soil, rocks, atmosphere, and natural phenomena that occur within their boundaries. • Universal natural resources and physical phenomena that lack clear-cut boundaries, such as air, water, and climate, as well as energy, radiation, electric charge, and magnetism, not originating from human activity.
- 4. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES • Environmentalissues are harmful aspects of human activity on the biophysical environment. • Environmentalism, a social and environmental movement that started in the 1960s, addresses environmental issues through advocacy, education and activism • For example the carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has already exceeded 400 parts per million. This level is considered a tipping point. • The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is already above the threshold that can potentially cause dangerous climate change. We are already at risk...It's not next year or next decade, it's now.
- 5. Air pollution Water pollution Noisepollution Land pollution
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- 7. AIR POLLUTION • introductionof chemicals, materials into the atmosphere particulates, or biological • cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as food crops, or damage the natural environment or built environment. • Atmosphere - complex dynamic natural gaseous system which is essential to support life on planet Earth. • Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems. • Indoor air pollution and urban air quality are listed as two of the World’s Worst Toxic Pollution Problems in the 2008 Blacksmith Institute World's Worst Polluted Places report.
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- 9. WATER POLLUTION • Waterpollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). • Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. • Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. • In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.
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- 11. NOISE POLLUTION • Noisepollution is displeasing or excessive noise that may disrupt the activity or balance of human or animal life. • The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines and transportation systems, motor vehicles, aircrafts, and trains. • In animals, noise can increase the risk of death by altering predator or prey detection and avoidance, interfere with reproduction and navigation, and contribute to permanent hearing loss.
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- 13. LAND POLLUTION • Brownfieldland • Habitat destruction • Land degradation • Litter • Soil contamination • Dumping of rubbish and chemical products
- 15. The term Pollutionrefers to as any change in the natural quality of the environment brought about by chemical physical or biological factors.
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- 20. Effects on humanbeings • Increase in respiratory diseases. • Cardiovascular diseases and coma. Effects on animals • Animals that feed on grass are affected by arsenic poisoning. Effects on climate • increase in temperature of the earth. • This leads to melting of glaciers and icecaps.
- 21. Car Pool: Formingand implementing a car pool will reduce the number of cars, thereby, preventing air pollution by cutting down the use of fossil fuels. Vehicle Care: Timely servicing of the car helps to keep it in a good condition, and also minimizes fuel exhaust. Driving the car at an average speed and turning off in traffic are the thumb rules to save fuel. Make sure to use unleaded petrol and opt for regular pollution checking of your car
- 22. Alternative Energy Source:Another effective way to prevent air pollution is to use alternative energy sources such as solar energy, hydroelectric energy, and wind energy. Minimize Air Pollutants: Always try to minimize smoke emission, as it contributes a lot to air pollution. One way is to compost dried leaves and kitchen waste, instead of burning them. Smart Purchasing: Remember to carry paper bags and minimize using plastic bags.
- 24. Water pollution canbe defined as alteration in physical , chemical or biological characteristics of water, making it unsuitable for use in it’s natural state.
- 25. • Household detergents •Industrial waste • Offshore drilling and oil spills • Radioactive wastes • Thermal pollution
- 26. •Pathogens causes Diseases likecholera, typhoid, diarrhoea, polio and jaundice. •Eutrophication
- 27. • Plant treesto reduce pollution by sediments. • Prevent run-off of manure. • Use nitrogen fixing plants to supplement the use of fertilizers. • Have a separate drainage for sewage and one for rainwater to prevent overflow of sewage with rainwater.
- 31. • Many pesticidesare absorbed by plants and reach animals and humans via food chains. • Nitrogenous fertilizers produce toxic concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the leaves. • Sewage sludge contains many pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and intestinal worms which causes
- 32. WAYS TO CONTROLSOIL POLLUTION • Open dumping : in this method waste materials are dumped in the open low lands far away from the city. • Sanitary landfills : In this method the waste is packed and dumped at the site and is covered with the earth to prevent insect or rodents from entering into the landfill. The waste is subjected to bacterial decomposition.
- 36. SOURCES OF RADIOACTIVEPOLLUTION X-rays waste Nuclear weapons Atomic reactors and nuclear fuel Radioactive isotopes
- 37. EFFECTS OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION Geneticvariation : the damaged caused by radiations is often seen in the offspring's and may be transmitted to many generations. Somatic variation: short term exposures to radiation can
- 38. EFFECTS OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTIONCONT. Biggest radioactive disaster : A.BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY B.CHERNOBYL DISASTER
- 39. WAYS TO CONTROL RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION Radiationexposure protection : keeping a safe distance from the source of radiation , avoiding length of the time of exposure, and shielding the object from the direct radiation. Where possible avoid routine X-rays such as: I. Chest and lower back X-ray examination in routine physical examinations. II. Chest radiography in routine prenatal case.
- 40. WAYS TO CONTROL RADIOACTIVEPOLLUTION CONT. Collection storage and disposal : radioactive substances should be stored in deep layers of the lithosphere where their gradual harmless decay can take place. This should be done only after rendering the radioactive material harmless. High activity solid wastes could be packed on shielded containers. Low level liquid and gaseous wastes are usually diluted or dispersed to maximum allowable limits before disposal. Above all men should avoid dealing with nuclear weapons.
- 45. Prohibiting blowing ofhorns near residential areas and schools. Restrictions on loud speakers , specially during night. Planting trees by road side and keeping doors closed in the houses reduce noise reaching our ears. Not to burn fire crackers.
- 47. TYPES AIR POLLUTION WATER POLLUTION LANDPOLLUTION NOISE POLLUTION
- 48. AIR POLLUTION Air pollutionis the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the natural environment into the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems.
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- 50. WATER POLLUTION Water pollution isthe contamination of water bodies. E.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water; and, in almost all cases the effect is damaging either to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities. Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
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- 52. LAND POLLUTION Land pollutionis the degradation of Earth's land surfaces often caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources. It occurs when waste is not disposed properly. Health hazard disposal of urban and industrial wastes, exploitation of minerals, and improper use of soil by inadequate agricultural practices are a few factors. Urbanization and industrialization are major causes of land pollution.
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- 54. NOISE POLLUTION Noise pollutionis displeasing human, animal or machine-created sound that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. The word noise comes from the Latin word nausea meaning seasickness. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is transportation systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise and rail noise. Poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution, since side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential area.
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