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POL 140-04
Spring 2015
 What functions do the media play?
 How has the media developed throughout
American political history?
 Is political news a “mirror reflection” of what’s
happening inWashington—or a deliberate
product of the political process?
 Sources help to gather, package, and disseminate
information to the public
 Newspapers
 Radio
 Television
 Internet
 Main goal of media has stayed the same
 How information is delivered has changed
 Informing
 Press informs public of political events
 Investigating
 Researching and revealing information about events
 Interpreting
 Media interpret a given day’s news
 Labor-intensive
and expensive
 Newsprint comprised
of individual letters of
metal type
Common Sense was mass-produced.
The Federalist Papers were published in NewYork newspapers.
 Newspapers and partisan politics
 Influence of the “penny press”
 Beginnings of “Yellow Journalism”
JOSEPH PULITZER WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
on Radio
THE “BIGTHREE” KENNEDYVS. NIXON, 1960
 Decline inTraditional Newspaper Readership
 Popularity ofTalk Radio
 Rise of Soft News or “Infotainment”
 Prevalence of Blogs
 Rise and Continuation of Social Networking
 Cell Phones andText Messaging
 Gatekeeper
 Decide what will be covered
 Managers of wire services, editors, reporters
 Disseminator
 “Just the Facts,” avoid unverifiable stories
 Does this help the public?
 Investigator
 Investigate problems, critically analyze and report them
 “Muckrakers,”Woodward and Bernstein (Watergate)
 Public Mobilizer
 Emphasis on civic journalism
 Grassroots movement due to Internet, etc.
Focuses on 1940 Election
Results: People already made up
minds prior to voting; campaign
did not add information
Study gave rise to minimal
effects thesis
 Selective Exposure
 Individuals exposed to information with beliefs
 Selective Perception
 Individuals interpret information with beliefs
 Selective Retention
 Individuals recall information with beliefs
 Agenda Setting
 Must choose which events to cover— signal to public
 Priming
 Media emphasizes characteristics of people, events,
or issues—and this influences public’s view
 Framing
 Media alters public view on issue by presentation
George W. Bush, New Orleans, post-Hurricane Katrina
IRAQ: SPIDER HOLE IRAQ: MILITARY CASKETS
James S. Brady
Press Briefing Room
Obama Press Conference,
East Room of White House
Depends on:
1) News model
employed by
journalists
2) News
management
technique
employed by
White House
 Mirror Model
 Professional Model
 Organizational or “Bargaining” Model
 Political Model
 Public Journalism / Civic Journalism Model
 Tight Control of Information
 Tight Control of Access to Politicians
 Elaborate Communications Bureaucracy
 Concerted Effort to Bypass WH Press Corps
 Prepackaging News in Sound Bytes

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Pol 140 media Full 140 SP15

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.  What functions do the media play?  How has the media developed throughout American political history?  Is political news a “mirror reflection” of what’s happening inWashington—or a deliberate product of the political process?
  • 6.
  • 7.  Sources help to gather, package, and disseminate information to the public  Newspapers  Radio  Television  Internet  Main goal of media has stayed the same  How information is delivered has changed
  • 8.
  • 9.  Informing  Press informs public of political events  Investigating  Researching and revealing information about events  Interpreting  Media interpret a given day’s news
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.  Labor-intensive and expensive  Newsprint comprised of individual letters of metal type
  • 13.
  • 14. Common Sense was mass-produced. The Federalist Papers were published in NewYork newspapers.
  • 15.
  • 16.  Newspapers and partisan politics  Influence of the “penny press”  Beginnings of “Yellow Journalism”
  • 17. JOSEPH PULITZER WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST
  • 18.
  • 19. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on Radio
  • 20.
  • 22.
  • 23.  Decline inTraditional Newspaper Readership  Popularity ofTalk Radio  Rise of Soft News or “Infotainment”  Prevalence of Blogs  Rise and Continuation of Social Networking  Cell Phones andText Messaging
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.  Gatekeeper  Decide what will be covered  Managers of wire services, editors, reporters  Disseminator  “Just the Facts,” avoid unverifiable stories  Does this help the public?  Investigator  Investigate problems, critically analyze and report them  “Muckrakers,”Woodward and Bernstein (Watergate)  Public Mobilizer  Emphasis on civic journalism  Grassroots movement due to Internet, etc.
  • 27. Focuses on 1940 Election Results: People already made up minds prior to voting; campaign did not add information Study gave rise to minimal effects thesis
  • 28.  Selective Exposure  Individuals exposed to information with beliefs  Selective Perception  Individuals interpret information with beliefs  Selective Retention  Individuals recall information with beliefs
  • 29.  Agenda Setting  Must choose which events to cover— signal to public  Priming  Media emphasizes characteristics of people, events, or issues—and this influences public’s view  Framing  Media alters public view on issue by presentation
  • 30. George W. Bush, New Orleans, post-Hurricane Katrina
  • 31. IRAQ: SPIDER HOLE IRAQ: MILITARY CASKETS
  • 32.
  • 33. James S. Brady Press Briefing Room
  • 34. Obama Press Conference, East Room of White House Depends on: 1) News model employed by journalists 2) News management technique employed by White House
  • 35.  Mirror Model  Professional Model  Organizational or “Bargaining” Model  Political Model  Public Journalism / Civic Journalism Model
  • 36.  Tight Control of Information  Tight Control of Access to Politicians  Elaborate Communications Bureaucracy  Concerted Effort to Bypass WH Press Corps  Prepackaging News in Sound Bytes