Observational learning occurs when people observe and mimic the behaviors of others, such as parents, siblings, teachers, or other role models. This type of learning is most common in childhood as young children learn about the world from observing those around them. However, observational learning continues throughout life as people unconsciously pick up habits and behaviors from frequent exposure and interaction with others. While observational learning can help children acquire positive behaviors from good role models, it also carries the risk that children may mimic undesirable behaviors without understanding the consequences.
A presentation on child discipline tactics created by Dr. John Lutzker and other faculty researchers at the School of Public Health at Georgia State University.
A presentation on child discipline tactics created by Dr. John Lutzker and other faculty researchers at the School of Public Health at Georgia State University.
A presentation by Mr Gideon Neethling (Golden Arrow Bus services) at the Transport Forum SIG 14 July 2016 hosted by Standard Bank in Cape Town, South Africa.
The theme for the event was: "RTMS - Industry Best Practice and Standards". The topic of the presentation was: "Passenger transport case study"
PresentaciĂłn Face On en Networking Day movilforumvideos
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PresentaciĂłn Face On en Networking Day movilforum celebrado el dĂa 3 de diciembre de 2015 en Madrid, en el que nos describen Face on y las posibilidades de negocio.
HolocaustReview the documents related to the Holocaust and cmeagantobias
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Holocaust
Review the documents related to the Holocaust and create a written response using at least five complete sentences that fully answer the question.
1. Suppose that you were alive during the Holocaust and could have altered history. What changes would you make to modify the events of that time?
Read the posts of these peers and respond to two other learners. When responding, offer suggestions that the learner might use to improve the area they identified. Remember, coaching colleagues is best done through positive interaction with practical examples.
Robert
I believe that my strength in fostering a psychology of success among my students is that I promote a sense of acceptance and belonging. I am unconditionally positive to all my students so that they feel that I really care. I use cooperative structures to promote interdependence when I assign them group projects like a mural promoting a book series. I love to watch them plan and execute. I rotate group leaders and scribes so that children will have opportunities to fill those roles. I immediately call children on negative self-talk or put-downs reminding children that they all have so much to offer and to trust that they can do the task. Each child is assessed privately and others have no indication of their success level from me. I enjoy using healthy competitions that are meant to get children to work as a team and I never give out rewards to the winners. Knowing that children are so unique, I try to appreciate those differences and even encourage them. "Be yourself. Everyone else is taken." is a mantra that I use from time to time. I often times tell students that we learn from each other and I learn as much from them as they learn from me. And I give them opportunities to "teach" for example when we are reviewing math problems, I will have students come to the front and explain how they solved the problem to the class. I always request a specific explanation. "Think out loud" is another one of my mantras when they are sharing. I consistently work on building a sense of community by switching table groups each month and giving them opportunities to work with different students in reading groups and math centers.Â
My biggest challenge as a Conductor is trying to promote their internal Locus of Control. Although I do give them choices and I do not act as a dictator, I sometimes feel like I don't have complete control if children are doing so many different things at once. I worry about those children that are not able to handle the autonomy and may act out because of it. I haven't used rubrics too often, but I recognize the importance of them so that students will know what the clear expectations are. I do try to encourage students to put their best effort into tasks, but I want to spend more time complimenting them during the process and not just when the product is finished.
Anita
I believe I am most proficient at promoting a sense of acceptance and belonging within ...
As always in your discussion, respond thoughtfully to this 2 postingBetseyCalderon89
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As always in your discussion, respond thoughtfully to this 2 postings.
#1 Angie post:
1. If I were to have to require a license to parent, I would require psychological and drug/alcohol testing. I think this is so important because children are so helpless, they only know what their environment allows them. Obviously substance abuse is bad and not healthy for children to be around or those children will end up being in custody of the state. Psychological testing to ensure that the child will be in safe hands from the moment they are born. I am so tired and saddened by the constant reports of child abuse, molestation, death..... and so many of these are by the parents own hands!Â
I think some of the other things that may seem logical to have straightened out before parenting are actually what makes us who we are. Â
2. I grew up with both parents, having been together since they were 15 and their first child at 15/16. They had 5 children (all girls!) and just celebrated their 36th anniversary a few weeks ago! I have shared my family story with many people as we are moving and making new friends. I find that people are surprised at the successful outcome that my parents had being put in that position at such a young age but recently I was asked a similar question by a friend and I keep circling back to the word respect. My parents drilled that into us; whether it was self-respect/image, respect for our elders, coaches, or our home. I really believe that one word/virtue has taught me so much throughout my life and is always useful.Â
3. Learning the value of respect and its impact, I have tried to do as my parents did and teach my children the same way. I have witnessed this paying off by the way my kids interact with others and feel good knowing that I can trust them to make good decisions even if I am not there. All of that comes back to them understanding respect. They need to respect my decisions as a parent, respect other people and their property, display respectful behavior, respect the community and environment.
#2 Tamika post:
If you had to obtain a license to parent, what would you require, and why?Â
I believe parents obtaining a license before becoming a parent is a good idea. Ethical parenting above all is responsible caregiving, requiring of parents enduring investment and commitment throughout their childrenâs long period of depending (Bornstein, 2002). I believe this to be logical, because how you raise your kids will determine (most of the time) how they will live their adult lives. Rather they were raised right and live a good adult life or raised wrong and live a bad adult life. Sometimes growing up bad influences you to do the right thing when you become an adult. Most parents now in days have no clue on what to do to become a parent. Majority of them go off of social media and how they were raised.Â
Discuss an incident from your childhood which typifies the parenting style of your parent(s).
My mother had an ...
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar âDigital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?â on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus âManaging screen time: How to protect and equip students against distractionâ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective âStudents, digital devices and successâ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as âdistorted thinkingâ.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesarâs dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empireâs birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empireâs society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation âBlue Starâ is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasnât one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
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5 obsertational learning
1. Journal Entry 5: 26th Oct 2015
Observational Learning
Observational learning is a learning process which occurs by observing
behaviours and actions of others. It is a form of social learning which occurs
throughout a personâs life through direct experience, reinforcement, motivation or
even punishment. Observational learning involves humans where they can copy and
learn from as a role model. In childrenâs childhood, their role models are often
parents, siblings, teachers and other people who are close to them but also have an
authority figure over them or higher status than themselves. Although observational
learning is very common during early childhood, it is still a continuous psychological
phenomenon which occurs throughout a personâs life. This is because social learning
happens when an individual observes how other people interact with either
themselves or with other people. In our daily lives, we can never miss interaction
between ourselves and the society both directly and indirectly so observational
learning can happen subconsciously over a period of time. It is said to be most
delicate and occurs most frequent during childhood, because young children have not
experienced any sort of interaction. This learning process contributes to their primary
schema of the world.
Observational learning shows a personâs ability to copy and mimic actions of
others then translate it into their own personalities or actions. It is learned mostly
through indirect interaction whereby they automatically copy without knowing the
consequences or circumstances of their behaviour which awaits them. Observational
learning can be behaviours that are learned consciously or subconsciously. When a
behaviour is learned consciously, it is because the individual is convinced that their
modelâs actions are worthy of copying and bring a good impact on themselves or to
the society. The conscious mind knows and acknowledges the learned behaviour
because a schema is purposely installed in order for the brain, the mind and the body
to process that behaviour. On the other hand, when a behaviour is learned
subconsciously, it is due to overexposure to a habit or behaviour over a period of
time. The individual gradually picks up behaviours which are similar to their role
model with a possibility that they might not know that that they do possess such
behaviour. The mind could be unconscious about the possessed behaviour because it
was picked up instead of being stored as a schema on purpose.
Observational learning is a very good way of teaching children on how to act
if the role models whom they are exposed to have good behaviours. This way, they
are not only able to observe and learn consciously through installations of schema,
they can also pick up good habits because they are constantly exposed to positive
behaviours of their role models. However, observational learning is dangerous in a
way where the individual can be mimicking an action which has low ethnic or does
harm to the society without knowing what their behaviour can actually cause. All the
learned behaviours might not seem to affect them negatively because they are too
used to seeing such behaviour in their lives. When people try to correct their
behaviours, the individual might come off as defensive because they choose to believe
that the learned behaviour is a normal behaviour or action.
2. In my previous study days, it was common for students to lie and say that they
did not study for a test or exam but in actual fact, they did study and they managed to
score high marks during exam. Iâm not sure if that was a tactic to get other students to
not study alongside them, but I was effected in a way where I believed that they did
not study for the exam. Knowing that my classmates did not study for the upcoming
exams made me slack while they were actually working hard as preparations for
exams. When I realized that they got good results compared to mine, it was
unbelievable that they did not study for the exams. As I moved up to better classes,
the amount of people who convinced me saying that they did not study for the exams
grew in number but their results were extremely remarkable. So one day my cousin,
who is a top scorer in class, said that he himself lies to his friends that he did not study
for the exam when he was actually preparing since a long time ago. Later on, I
became someone who did the same thing because, in a way, my cousin has convinced
me that saying so is like a norm for students in that class. In short, I picked up the
behaviour from my classmates saying that I did not prepare for the exam when I
actually did because it constantly happened every day.
Back when I was younger, it was also common for schools to pick student role
models and announce their positive behaviours to the rest of the students in the
school. They always picked students who dress up neatly, complete their homework,
scores high marks and does well is exams, greet teachers and other behaviours that
complete the characteristics of a good student. I agree that in one way, it is true that
this might be an effective way for students to observe that student role modelâs
behaviour and shape their behaviours. Students will have a positive outcome if they
learn and interpret the role modelâs actions or behaviours as positive while interacting
with them. However, I never understood the purpose of choosing one because other
students will then purposely greet teachers and make it obvious that they scored high
marks in exams so that the teacher notices them in hope that they will be chosen as
the next role model. It is true that students should greet teachers as a form of respect,
but doing it on purpose so that the teacher will notice you defeats the purpose of
choosing a role model to show behaviours that will have a strong positive impact on
other students. I find it ridiculous especially when enthusiastically greeting teachers
became a form of respect and cheerfulness was something a role model should be.
However, in actual fact, these were all just all fake actions in order to achieve the title
of being a role model. Even if I did learn to greet teachers later on, I often questioned
myself if I was supposed to learn to be respectful or learn to try all sorts of methods
no matter positive or negative in order to achieve our goals from the role model. It
was confusing because role modelling is something which is determined by the self
and not by other people. What if the appointed role model was a bully towards
yourself? Would that person still be your role model?
After being confused with such thoughts, I was then exposed to essay writings
which commonly consists of statements which states that âparents have to portray
good behaviour in order to be role models to their children because they are the
closest human beings to each childâ. I have been blindly following and copying this
sentence thinking that it only occurs to some children who willingly follow their
parentâs behaviours until today when I learned that children will most likely copy as
3. long as they are continuously exposed to their parentâs behaviour over a span of time.
Unlike student role models, parent role models are not chosen by a third party, they
are automatically registered as your role models since birth. A child may choose to
not think of their parents as role models, but it is undeniable that children are able to
pick up positive and negative behaviours from parents through subconscious learning.
This is because the image a parent show their children is most likely to be a reflection
of how their children might grow up to become. It is the same concept in where a
child from a family which is constantly involved in domestic violence to become
violent in the future. The image of their violent parents have caused the child to learn
to be violent towards others. The violent behaviour of the child is actually picked up
and learned which is shown as a reflection of the childâs parents previous violent
actions and behaviour.
I have always looked at my parents as role models when it comes to positive
actions and behaviours which my parents portray. So most of the personality I have
installed within myself is a reflection of how my parents are, and how my parents
have raised me to become. As for their negative behaviours, I would try to tell myself
to not follow and copy them so that I will remind myself to not show behaviour that I
myself do not like. But lately, not only did I learn from their positive behaviours, I
have come to know that I have picked up negative behaviours along the way due to
continuous exposure towards such habits. I used to always get shouted at for using âI
donât knowâ without trying before saying that I really didnât know. So I knew that
saying it meant getting into trouble with my parents. But what I did not know, until
today, was that my parents did use that phrase a lot towards each other and me. An
example of it is when my dad said that he does not know how to get to a specific
location without trying to search for it on the map or use applications to get to that
place. Initially, I took it in like it was just another normal phrase from him until my
mom pointed out that he said âI donât knowâ before trying to understand how to get to
that location when he gets frustrated when we say âI donât knowâ to him without
trying first. âI donât knowâ was used so often without thinking twice in my family that
even if we hated it when someone used it on us, we were actually using it to each
other, and I was in fact subconsciously learning it (without my mind processing this
piece of information) from both my parents. A more serious and obvious case is when
my parents get extremely frustrated and easily aggravated when they are sweaty and
hot. They tend to get mad easily at the smallest mistake when they feel hot and
sweaty. Sometimes, they might end up scolding my sister and I for pushing their
buttons too far when we are only acting the way we usually are. This ended up with
me easily getting aggravated when I feel hot and sweaty too. I usually get frustrated
easily for no reason just because of the hotness and sweatiness I feel. Other people,
like my friends, usually sit down and just try to cool themselves down by being calm
even if people purposely piss them off while I just get mad immediately even if it is
just a small, tiny matter. This has made me realize how powerful observational
learning can be in the society.
Observational learning has two sides of the story where the outcome of the
learning process can either be positive or negative, depending on how each individual
interprets the situation they are observing or involved in.