Origin, Distribution, Botanical description, Cytogenetics, Genetic resources, Climate and soil, Propagation, Manures and fertilizers, Irrigation, Interculture, Use of PGR, Plant protection, Harvesting, Yield and Storage of Pointed gourd. 2.Glycemic Properties of Trichosanthes dioica Leaves.pptx 3.STUIDES ON h2, GENETIC ADVANCE.pptx 4.Characterization and evaluation of hybrid pointed gourd genotypes.pptx 5.GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE IN.pptx

1. POINTED GOURD Trichosanthes dioica
1Trichosanthes dioica – microsporogenesis correlated with dioecy (Patel, 1952; Roy et a. , 1982)
2n=24
Origin : India or the Indo-Malayan region
Submitted by
S.ADHIYAMAAN (2017603401)
I-M.Sc.,VEGETABLE SCIENCE
DEPT. OF VEGETABLE CROPS
HC & RI, TNAU, CBE.- 641 003

2. Origin & distribution
• It is a tropical vegetable crop native to
India(Indo-Malayan region).
• Widely cultivated in Eastern part of
India & plains of North India from
Punjab to Assam.
• Extensively cultivated all over Bihar,
West Bengal, Odisha & Assam.
• Bengal-Assam area is the primary
centre of origin of pointed gourd.

3. Introduction
• Among the indigenous cucurbits pointed gourd occupies an important
place.
• It is a dioecious annual or perennial herbaceous vegetable, also known as
“green potato.
• Grown widely throughout Asia, Australia & Bangladesh.
• Fruits of pointed gourd plant are used as vegetable in Indian traditional
food system for time immemorial.

4. Botanical Classification
Kingdom Plantae
Division Magnoliophyta
Class Magnoliopsida
Order Cucurbitales
Family Cucurbitaceous
Genus Trichosanthes
Species dioica
Botanical name
Trichosanthes dioica
Roxb.
Common name Pointed Gourd,Parwal

5. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
• It is a perennial, dioecious cucurbit grown as vine. Vine are pencil thick in
size.
• Leaves: Dark green, cordate, ovate, oblong, rigid, simple & not lobed.
• Roots- Tuberous with long tap root system
• Flowers- Dioecious, tubular white with 16-19 days initiation to anthesis time
for pistillate flowers & 10-14 days for staminate flowers, stigma remains
viable for approximately 14 hrs.

6. • Calyx - Sepals 5, gamosepalous imbricate activation
• Corolla - Petals 5, gamopetalous, margin of each petal ends in hair like
structure special out growth are found on the petal called papilla
• Androecium-3 stamens united filaments free.
• Gynoecium - Superior ovary parietal placentation fruit long more than 20-
30 cm pepo tapering with white and green patulous.
• Fruits - Globose, oblong, smooth, striped.
• Seeds - Globose
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTIONCont.

7. KEY TO GENERA
• Corolla rotate or companulate to the base, petals fimbriate on the
margin
Floral biology
Anthesis = 6-9 p.m
Pollen viable – 10 hr of before
anther dehiscence till the 49 hrs
after dehiscence
Stigma receptivity – 7 hrs before
anthesis and 51 hrs after anthesis

8. • Nutritional value of pointed gourd (per 100g fresh weight of edible fruits)
(Singh et al.,1989 & 2001;Choudhury 1996)
Constituents Amount
Moisture 92 g
Protein 0.7 g
Fibre 3.0 g
Carbohydrates 2.2 g
Energy 20 kcal
Calcium 30 mg
Phosphorous 40 mg
Iron 1.7 mg
Carotene 153 mg
Thiamine 0.05 mg
Riboflavin 0.06 mg
Vitamin C 29 mg

9. Comparison of Nutritional value

10. • Immature fruits used as vegetables.
• Its young leaves are very nutritive & are used as leafy vegetable.
• Shoot tips are also consumed.(Anon 1998)
• Also pickled, used in confectionaries.(Paris & Maynard 2008).
• Fruits are used in making curry & fried.
• A famous sweet by putting fruits in sugar syrup is made in India.
USES

11. Medicinal value
• It is a very ancient ayurvadic medicinal herb used in many medicines
• Recommended for bronchitis, high fever and nervousness
• Good for curing blood & skin diseases, also purifies blood
• Light & easy to digest, improves digestion strength
• Have diuretic & laxative properties
• It is cardiotonic
• Balances cough

12. Based on shape, size & striations fruits can be grouped in to 5 categories
(Singh, 1989)
1) Long, dark green with white stripes

13. 2) Thick ,dark green with very pale green stripes,10-16 cm long

14. 3) Roundish, dark green with white stripes, 5-8 cm long

15. 4)Tapering, green & striped,5-8 cm long

16. 5) Pale-white oval fruits without any markings
In Madhya Pradesh, this cultivar is popular (More & Shinde,2003)

17. Riverbed cultivation of pointed gourd
Target- Offseason market

18. Varieties
Swarna Alaukik
• It is a HYV. Developed by ICAR research complex for eastern region Ranchi,
Jharkhand.
• Fruits are 5-8 cm long,solid,thin skin & good for vegetable as well as preparation of
sweets.
• Average yield is 230-280 q/ha on vertical staking.
• Recommended for upland & plataeu regions of Bihar,Gangetic plains of U.P,plains
of Odisha & W.B.

19. Swarna Rekha:
• A vigorously growing HYV.
• Developed at ICAR research complex for eastern region Ranchi, Jharkhand.
• Fruits are greenish white, 8-10 cm long & tapering to both sides.
• Avg. yield 200-300 q/ha on vertical bower system.
• Recommended for plains & plateau region of Bihar.
Rajendra parwal-1: Developed at Rajendra Agriculture University,Samastipur,Bihar.
• Fruits are big sized.
• Average yield is 140-150 q/ha
Varieties

20. Rajendra parwal-2: Developed at Rajendra Agriculture University,Samastipur,Bihar.
 Fruits are dark green with white stripes.
 Suitable for cultivation in Bihar & U.P.
 Avg. yield 150-170 q/ha
Faizabad parwal-1: Developed at Narendradev university of agriculture &
technology,Faizabad,U.P.
It produces very attractive green round fruits.
Avg. yield is 150-170 q/ha
It is recommended for commercial cultivation in U.P & adjoining parts of Bihar.
Varieties

21. Faizabad parwal-3: fruits are spindle shaped, green & less striped.
• They are excellent for culinary purpose.
• Avg. yield 125-150 q/ha
• It is suitable for eastern & western U.P.
Faizabad Parwal-4: HYV & recommended for reclaimed sodic soil.
• Fruits light green colour,spindle shaped with tapering end.
• Recommended for bower system of cultivation.
Varieties

22. Chess hybrid-1: It is the 1st parwal variety developed in the country.
• Fruits are very attractive ,large sized, dark green stripped weighing about
• Avg. yield 280-300q/ha. It is adopted to upland of Bihar,U.P,Odisha,W.B & parts
of Assam.
• Resistant to Fruit fly infestation.
Chess Hybrid-2: It is a high yielding variety produced dark green stripped fruits
• Avg wt. of each fruit is 25-30g
• Avg yield is 300-400 q/ha
Varieties

23. Chhota Hilli: Fruits are medium sized, oval to spindle shaped, swollen
in middle.
• Greenish with prominent white stripped ,blunt at the stalk .
Dandali: Fruits medium sized, egg shaped, light green.
• Stalk end dispersed, slightly stripped & group towards distal end.
Hilli: Fruits are oblong,length of fruit is avg.9.6 cm & width is avg. 3 cm
• Greenish fruit with white stripe, tapering towards distal end with disperse
neck.

24. • Konkan Haritha
• Fruits dark green, 30-35 cm long tapering at both the ends, yields
10 -12 fruits per vine.
Varieties developed from IIVR, Varanasi:
• IIVR PG-1,IIVR PG-2,IIVR PG-105(seedless).
•CHPG-15
• It has been identified as most promising line of pointed gourd
• It is tolerant to powdery mildew & Fusarium wilt.

25. Climate
• Prefers warm, humid climate.
• Severe cold / frost are unfavorable for plant growth & development, crop
remains dormant during winter.
• Vigorous growth starts only with the onset of spring.
Soil
• Well drained sandy to sandy loam soil with good fertility
• Does not with stand water logging
• In W.B, it is commonly grown in river beds

26. PROPAGATION
• By vine cuttings & root suckers
• Seed propagation is avoided due to poor germination & inability to
determine sex of the plants before flowering(50% plants may be male).
• Fresh vines with 8-10 nodes per cuttings are suitable for field planting.
Prepared cuttings
Spacing = (2 X 2)m
Female to male = 10:1

27. Watering to the prepared cuttings

28. FIELD LEVELING

29. PIT PREPARATION

30. Nutrition
• At the time of land preparation 20-25 tonnes of farmyard
manure per ha is mixed with the soil in the furrows or in pits.
• A fertilizer dose of 90kg of N, 60kg of P205 and 60kg of K20
per hectare is advocated to the pointed gourd.

31. PLANTING OF CUTTINGS

32. •Lunda and Lachhi method
•Moist lump method
•Straight vine method
•Small rooted cuttings
DIFFERENT METHODS OF PLANTING

33.  Lunda and Lachhi method
• Vines 1-1.5m lomg with 8-9 nodes are folded an “8’’ known as lunda or lachhi and
placed flat in the pit
• Pressed 3-5cm deep in the middle in to soil and cover with fresh cow dung
Moist lump method
• 60 -90cm vine circled over a lump of moist soil leaving both ends free and planting in
the pit leaving both end above the ground.
• Under growing vine develops root and exposed ends give sprout

34. Straight vine method
• Cuttings are planted end to end horizotally 15cm deep in to furrows filled with mix of
FYM and soil
Small rooted cuttings:
• small cuttings with 3-4 nodes treated with IBA @100 ppm
• planted in poly bags contains mix of soil: sand: and FYM at 1:1:1
Root suckers:
• Roots are uprooted and planted in the mounds
• It is easy and faster method
• Tuber size of 58.53g with appln of NPK 60:60:60 kg /ha

35. Manure & fertilizer
• FYM @20-25 t/ha should be applied to the field at the time of field
preparation before planting of cuttings.
• Singh et al.(1989) recommended 90:60:40 kg N,P,K/ha for maximum
return.
Irrigation
• Pointed gourd requires irrigation at 20 days interval during winter & 10
days interval during summer for better crop.

36. Training system

37. Vines trained on trellis system facilitate effective pollination & luxuriant growth leading to
earlier Flowering & higher yield than flat bed system (Singh 1989;Yadav et al 1989)

38. Bower system

39. TRIANGULAR STAKING SYSTEM
Practical utility of innovation
1-It is low cost as compared to other trailing system.
2-Increased yield up to 38.1 % over farmers’ practice.
3-Easy plucking of fruits.
4-Easyness in intercultural operation.
5-Improved quality of fruits as there is no rotting.
6-Suitable for high rainfall area.
7-Suitable for small and marginal farmers.

40. POLLINATION

41. USE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
• NAA @ 100-500 ppm also induces parthenocarpy in cv. White Oval.
• Application of GA3 @ 40 ppm increases the no. of female flowers by 20% resulting in
increased fruit set by 18.7%.(Basu et al.,1999)
• Application of silver nitrate @ 1000 ppm induces hermaphrodite flower.(Hoque et
al.,2002)
• Silver nitrate also induces parthenocarpy.

42. HARVESTING & YIELD
• Harvesting of fruits is done at mature green marketable stage i.e. at 15-18 days
after fruit set.
• Harvesting at weekly interval gives more yield.
• In 1st year: 75-90q/ha but subsequent years yield increases up to 150-200 q/ha.
• Pointed gourd produces maximum yield for 3-4 years, after which -
• In tropics yielding potential gradually declines.

43. Immature fruits Mature fruits

44. STORAGE
• Singh (1989) recommended treatment of Pointed gourd fruits with Waxol
(12%) for increasing the shelf-life up to 8 days.
• In ordinary condition pointed gourd fruits can be easily kept at room
temperature for 3-4 days.

45. Other UU Trichosanthes sp

46. Trichosanthes celebica
Leaves are eaten, cooked as a vegetable. They are also used as a
substitute for soap and when smeared on the skin are reputed to repel
mosquitoes.

47. Trichosanthes ovigera
Boiled fruits are eaten as a side-dish with rice. In China and Japan the
starch of the tubers is sometimes extracted.

48. Trichosanthes villosa
Young fruits are eaten boiled as a vegetable

49. Roy and saran (1990)
• Trichosanthes kirilowii var. japonica – heteromorphic sex
• Chromosome X and Y at Meiosis
• Trichosanthes multiloba – X and Y identified at metaphase
• Reason for unstable gynoecious, gynomonoecious, andromonoecious ?
• Segregated showed intermediate chiasma frequency and comparable to each
other

50. http://www.feedipedia.org/node/637
http://www.agrisk.umn.edu/
References

51. RESEARCH ARTICLES
2.Glycemic Properties of Trichosanthes dioica Leaves.pptx
3.STUIDES ON h2, GENETIC ADVANCE.pptx
4.Characterization and evaluation of hybrid pointed gourd
genotypes.pptx
5.GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC
ADVANCE IN.pptx

52. Glycemic Properties of Trichosanthes dioica Leaves
Prashant Kumar Rai,1 Dolly Jaiswal,1 Rakesh Kumar Singh,1 Rajesh Kumar Gupta,2 and Geeta Watal1
1Alternative Therapeutics Unit, Drug Development Division, Medicinal Research Lab, Department of Chemistry;
University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India; 2Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi, India

53. INTRODUCTION
• India is the “diabetes capital of the world” (Mohan et al., 2007).
• Ayurveda terms its clinical specialty as Rasayana are rejuvenators (Sharma et al.,
1992)
• Pointed gourd has medicinal properties (Folk medicine) of lowering blood sugar and
lipid profile.
• Seeds of the plant were also found to possess anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity and
are widely used in the treatment of acid dyspeptic disease

54. OBJECTIVE
1. Evaluation of glycemic management of Pointed gourd
2. Assessment of hypoglycemic activity by GTT (Glucose Tolerance Test)
3. Study of anti-diabetic activity of Pointed gourd

55. Fresh
leaves
Shade dried Crushed Soxhlet
Rotary
evaporator
Lyophilized
Powder
11.3 %
W/W
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Preparation of crude drug
 Experimental animals
More than a hundred male albino Wistar rats of the same age group and body weight,
150–200 g, were selected for all the experiments. Animals obtained from the National
Institute of Communicable Disease (NICD), New Delhi, India, were housed in
polypropylene cages at an ambient temperature of 25–30◦Cand 45–55% relative humidity
with a 12 h dark and light cycle. Animals were fed pellet diet (Golden Feed, New Delhi)
and water ad libitum.

56. Induction of diabetes
• Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitonial injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin
(50 mg kg−1 bw) in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH = 4.5) to rats fasted overnight.
• After 3 days of streptozotocin (STZ) administration, rats with marked hyperglycemia (fasting
blood glucose >150 mg/dl) were selected for the study.
• The rats with hyperglycemia were divided into two groups of 30 rats each: 1)sub-diabetic
animals with normal FBG and abnormal PPG levels; 2)mild-diabetic animals with FBG 150–
200 mg dl−1.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

57. Estimation
• Blood glucose level (BGL) was estimated by the glucose oxidase method (Brahm & Trinder,
1972) using standard kit of Bayer Diagnostics India Ltd.
Evaluation of glycemic management in normal healthy rats
• Five groups of six rats each were used in the experiment;
• group I serving as untreated control received (distilled water) only
• groups II, III, and IV received aqueous leaf extract suspended in distilled water at doses 250,
500, and 750, mg kg−1, respectively.
• Blood samples were collected from the tail vein at 2, 4, and 6 h after giving the extract.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

58. Assessment of hypoglycemic activity by GTT in normal healthy rats
• The aqueous extract was given orally to different groups of normal
healthy animals in the same fashion as above and their effect on FBG
was studied hourly up to 2 h.
• The BGL value at 2 h was treated as “0” h value for GTT.
• The animals were then orally treated with 4 g kg−1 of glucose and their
glucose tolerance was studied at 1 h intervals for another 3 h. Thus, the
total period of blood collection was up to 5 h.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

59. Study of anti-diabetic activity by GTT in sub- and mild-diabetic rats
• Blood glucose levels were first checked after 90 min of treatment, considered as “0”
h value, and then 2 g kg−1 glucose was given orally to all the groups.
• Blood glucose levels were further checked up to 3 h at regular intervals of 1 h each,
considered as 1, 2, and 3 h values.
• The results were compared with group V rats, which were treated with 2.5 mg kg−1
of Glibenclamide (synthetic hypoglycemic agent).
MATERIALS AND METHODS

60. RESULTS

61. RESULTS

62. RESULTS - Effect on diabetic rats during GTT
Control: Distilled water,
Treated 1: 250 mg kg−1,
Treated 2: 500 mg kg−1,
Treated 3: 750 mg kg−1,
Glibenclamide: 250 mg kg−1.

63. RESULTS
• It is generally accepted that the sulphonyl ureas, including glibenclamide, produce
hypoglycemia in normal as well as diabetic animals by stimulating the pancreatic β-
cells to release more insulin
• The data suggests that the active ingredients of the aqueous extract or their metabolites
need about 2 h to exhibit their hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic effect by reaching
target tissues through circulation.
• The dose of 500 mg kg−1 of aqueous extract was found to be more effective than the
dose of 2.5 mg kg−1 glibenclamide in case of mild-diabetic rats.

64. CONCLUSION
• The aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica leaves was found to exhibit a
hypoglycemic effect in normoglycemic rats and an anti-diabetic effect in the STZ-
induced diabetic model.
• The antidiabetic effect of extract was greater than glibenclamide.
• Enzymatic studies are in progress in order to elucidate the detailed mechanism of action
at cellular and molecular levels.
• Isolation and characterization of compounds of leaves responsible for lowering of BGL
is also processing.

65. Studies on Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in
Pointed Gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.)
Anil Kumar Jena*, T. Suseela, T.S.K.K. Kiran Patro and R.V. Sujatha
College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R.H.U, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari
(Dist.) - 534 101, Andhra Pradesh, India

66. Introduction
• Pointed gourd is referred as king of gourds because of its higher
nutrient content.
• The information on heritability alone may not help to identify
characters for selection whereas heritability estimates in conjunction
with predicted genetic advance is more reliable
• To finding the actual gain expected under selection (GA)

67. OBJECTIVE
• To find following measures
• GCV
• PCV
• H2
• GA

68. Materials and Methods
• RBD with 3 replications
• Twenty two pointed gourd genotypes were collected from Odisha,
West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand
• Recommended cultural practices were followed
• 17 parameters

69. Results - Estimates of variability, h2 and GA as per cent of mean for different
characters in pointed gourd genotypes

70. RESULT
• In the present study, wide variability was recorded for fruit yield
(t/ha),fruit weight(g),pulp weight per fruit, pulp seed ratio, number of
seeds per fruit, internodal length indicating the existence of more
variability for these traits among the genotypes under study as they
have high PCV and high GCV.

71. RESULT
• Moderate to low variability was recorded for main vine length,
number of nodes per vine, days to opening of first male flower, days to
opening of first female flower, node at which first male flower
appeared, node at which first female flower appeared, days to first
harvest, fruit length, number of fruits per plant and seed weight per
fruit

72. GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE
IN POINTED GOURD (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.)
M. A. Malek, M. A. Bari Miah1, M. O. Islam, A. M. M. Mosiul Hoque and R. Gomes2
Plant Genetic Resources Centre
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute
Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
Bangladesh J. Pl. Breed. Genet., 20(1) : 47-52, 2007

73. INTRODUCTION
Improvement in any crop depends on the magnitude of its genetic
variability.
Knowledge of the available variability within the species for the desired
characters enables the breeder in determining the most potential genotype.
A study on the variability using genetic parameters like genetic coefficient
of variation, heritability and genetic advance is essential for initiating a
breeding program.

74. MATERIALS AND METHODS
• The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with
three replications. Each block within the replication consisted of 27
genotypes with a distance of 2.0 x 2.0 m. (including two male plants).
• The observations were recorded on nodes per vine, vines per plant, vine
length (m), fruits per plant, female flower length (cm), fruit length (cm),
fruit width (cm), fruit volume (cc), fruit weight (g) and fruit yield per plant
(kg).

75. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Analysis of variance for ten yield and yield contributing characters in pointed gourd

76. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Mean, range and phenotypic and genotypic variances for ten characters of pointed gourd

77. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation, heritability in broad-sense and genetic advance for ten
characters in pointed gourd

78. CONCLUSION
Therefore, it can be concluded that fruits per plant and fruit yield
having high heritability associated with high genetic advance and also
high GCV confirmed additive gene action suggesting effective
selection could be made for these characters in pointed gourd.

79. Characterization and evaluation of
hybrid pointed gourd genotypes
N. Ara1) , M. K. Bashar2) , M. F. Hossain3) and M. R. Islam4)
1) Principal Scientific Officer, Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabn, Bangladesh.
2) Director General, Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna
3) Senior Scientific Officer, Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna
4) Scientific Officer, Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

80. INTRODUCTION
• During that period (May to October), only a few vegetables are available in
the market which can’t fulfill our demand. Pointed gourd becomes
available in the market up to the end of October.
• Average yield of pointed gourd in our country is very low (7.8 t/ha)
compared to other pointed gourd producing countries
• Lack of high yielding variety is one of the main reasons for low yield of
pointed gourd in Bangladesh.

81. MATERIALS AND METHODS
• The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications.
• 18 Hybrids + 1 Check Hybrid
• Fruits were harvested regularly when they attained horticultural maturity, i e, immediately before
hardness of seeds.
• Data on (1) Days to flowering, (2) Number of node at 1st female flower anthesis, (3) Number of
shoot at 1st female flower anthesis, (4) Vine length at 1st female flower anthesis (cm), (5) Fruit
length (cm), (6) Fruit breadth (cm) number of seed per fruit, (7) Pulp weight (g), (8) Weight of seed
per fruit (g), (9) Number of fruit per fruit (10). Weight of fruit (kg) and yield (t/ha), were recorded
from three randomly selected the flow- ing plant genetic descriptor

82. Different hybrid pointed gourd genotypes

83. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION- Plant growth characteristics of nineteen genotypes of hybrid pointed gourd

84. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION- Growth characteristics in relation to flowering of 19 hybrid pointed gourd

85. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION- Leaf charactersistics of nineteen genotypes of hybrid pointed gourds

86. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION- Fruit characteristics of nineteen genotypes of pointed gourds

87. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION- Quantity fruit characteristics of nineteen hybrid genotypes of pointed gourd

88. CONCLUSION
• The hybrid genotypes of pointed gourd ISDHPG008, ISDHPG012,
ISDHPG013, ISDHPG014, ISDHPG016 and ISDHPG018 were
showed better performance in respect of yield.

89. THANK
YOU