The document discusses the sum of angles in a triangle, the Pythagorean theorem for calculating the hypotenuse of a right triangle, and how to calculate the arithmetic average or mean of a data set. It provides an example of calculating the unknown angle Y in a triangle where X=40 and Z=70, and calculating the average of the numbers 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 23. Key terms are defined in Polish including angle, triangle, hypotenuse, divide, and average/mean.