Mathematics can be divided into several branches that each focus on different areas of study. Some of the main branches include arithmetic, algebra, mathematical analysis, combinatorics, and geometry/topology. Arithmetic is the oldest branch and focuses on numbers and basic operations like addition and multiplication. Algebra studies the properties of numbers and methods for solving equations. Mathematical analysis examines continuous change through calculus, limits, and functions. Combinatorics analyzes discrete collections of objects and their relationships. Geometry and topology use spatial relationships and properties of shapes.