Thank you for selecting our 𝐏𝐥𝐞𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧PPT This medical PowerPoint template about 𝐏𝐥𝐞𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 You can download our template by visiting our website: https://www.rxslides.com/product/pleural-effusion-powerpoint-template copy and paste this URL into the browser and download the full editable template. This 𝐏𝐥𝐞𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧animated template is designed by RxSlides, a medical professional team covering the following topics about 𝐏𝐥𝐞𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐃𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: • Respiratory illness caused by the buildup of fluid between lung and chest cavity tissue layers. 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐋𝐮𝐧𝐠 • The lung is a vital organ responsible for gas exchange. • It is surrounded by two thin membranes called the pleurae. • The visceral pleura covers the lung surface. • The parietal pleura lines the inner chest wall. 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞: • 𝐏𝐥𝐞𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 is a common condition, affecting millions of people worldwide. • The prevalence varies by region, with higher rates in developing countries 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲: • Illustrated anatomy of the respiratory system included. • Animated illustrations demonstrate fluid formation and maintenance. • Parietal and visceral pleura form the pleural space. • Fluid produced by filtration from systemic capillaries. • Fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity causes Pleural Effusion. 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐤 𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬 • Smoking • Heart disease • Liver disease • Alcohol • Lung disease • Asbestos exposure 𝐜𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐬: 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 o Increased systemic/pulmonary capillary pressure and decreased osmotic pressure. o Major causes: cirrhosis, heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, protein-losing enteropathy. 𝐄𝐱𝐮𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞: o Local processes leading to increased capillary permeability. o Fluid, protein, cells, and serum constituents exude. o Major causes: inflammation, infection, lung injury, tumors, lung cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, surgical damage, lymphatic fluid accumulation. 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬: • Dyspnea (shortness of breath) • Labored breathing • Non-productive cough • Chest tightness • Orthopnea (difficulty breathing lying down) 𝐃𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐬 • Physical examination • Chest radiographs • Imaging 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐎𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: Thoracentesis (fluid removal) Catheter drainage Pleurodesis (scarring of pleural space) Pleuroperitoneal shunt (fluid drainage to abdomen) Pleurectomy (surgical removal of pleura) Thoracoscopy (visual examination of pleural space) Thoracostomy (surgical opening of chest cavity) Visit our site for more animated templates 𝗵𝘁𝘁𝗽𝘀://𝘄𝘄𝘄.𝗿𝘅𝘀𝗹𝗶𝗱𝗲𝘀.𝗰𝗼𝗺 RxSlides PowerPoint icons and illustrations related to 𝐏𝐥𝐞𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 will help you customize the content of this editable presentation according to your content and audience interest.

1. Pleural Effusion
PowerPoint Template

2. Pleural Effusion

3. Anatomy of lung
• The lung
is a vital organ
responsible for gas
exchange.
• It is
surrounded by two thin
membranes called the
pleurae.
• The
visceral pleura covers
the lung surface.
• The
parietal pleura lines
the inner chest wall.

4. Visceral pleura
• Thin, transparent
membrane
covering the lung
surface.
• Composed of
mesothelial cells
and a thin layer of
connective tissue.
• Secretes pleural
fluid for lubrication
and protection.

5. Pleural cavity
• The potential space
between the
visceral and parietal
pleurae.
• Contains a small
amount of pleural
fluid for lubrication.
• Allows the lungs to
expand and
contract smoothly
during breathing.

6. Parietal pleural
• Thin,
transparent
membrane
lining the inner
chest wall.
• Composed of
mesothelial
cells and a
thicker layer of
connective
tissue.
• Anchors the
lung to the
chest wall.

7. Anatomy

8. Pleural Effusion Physiology

9. Pleural fluid formation , maintenance
• Pleural fluid is
produced by the
visceral pleura and
absorbed by the
parietal pleura and
lymphatics.
• This process
maintains a delicate
balance, ensuring
minimal fluid
accumulation in the
pleural cavity.
• Disruptions in this
balance can lead to
pleural effusion.

10. Pleural Effusion Definition
• Abnormal
accumulation of
fluid in the pleural
cavity.
• Can be caused by
various underlying
conditions.
• Can be classified
as transudative or
exudative based
on the protein
content of the
fluid.

11. Pleural Effusion
• Normal pleural
space: minimal fluid
visible.
• Small pleural
effusion: less than
10mm thickness on
chest X-ray.
• Large pleural
effusion: more than
10mm thickness on
chest X-ray.

12. Pleural Effusion

13. Prevalence
• Pleural effusion is
a common
condition,
affecting millions
of people
worldwide.
• The prevalence
varies by region,
with higher rates
in developing
countries.

14. Prevalence
• The
prevalence
of pleural
effusion
increases
with age.
• The
condition is
more
common in
men than
women.

15. Prevalence
• The
prevalence of
pleural
effusion also
varies by
underlying
condition.
• Heart failure is
the most
common
cause,
followed by
pneumonia
and cancer.

16. Prevalence

17. Risk Factors
• Heart failure: the
leading cause of
transudative pleural
effusions.
• Cirrhosis: due to
increased portal
vein pressure.

18. Risk Factors
• Pneumonia:
infection leading to
exudative pleural
effusions
Pulmonary embolism:
blockage of a main
pulmonary artery
leading to transudative
pleural effusions

19. Risk Factors
o Asbestos
exposure
o Pancreatitis
o Post-surgical
complications
o Liver failure
o Kidney failure
o Smoking
o Alchol

20. Types
Little drainage
Excess production

21. Types

22. Light criteria Aspects

23. Transudative Vs Exudative Infographics
Exudative:
• Fluid with high protein
content
• Caused by
inflammation or other
pathological
processes
• Common causes:
pneumonia,
malignancy,
pancreatitis
• Treatment:
addresses underlying
cause, may require
thoracentesis or
chest tube drainage

24. Transudative pleural effusion causes
o
Increa
sed
systemic/pulmonar
y capillary pressure
and decreased
osmotic pressure.
o Major
causes: cirrhosis,
heart failure,
nephrotic
syndrome, protein-
losing enteropathy

25. Causes
Congestive heart
failure: The leading
cause of transudative
pleural effusions.
Increased
hydrostatic pressure
in the pulmonary
capillaries leads to
fluid leakage into the
pleural space.

26. Transudate pleural effusion causes
Cirrhosis: Increased
portal vein pressure
due to cirrhosis
leads to transudative
pleural effusions
through a complex
mechanism involving
fluid retention and
lymphatic
dysfunction.

27. Causes

28. Exudative pleural effusion causes
o Local
processes leading to
increased capillary
permeability.
o Fluid,
protein, cells, and serum
constituents exude.
o Major
causes: inflammation,
infection, lung injury,
tumors, lung cancer,
rheumatoid arthritis,
pneumonia,
tuberculosis, surgical
damage, lymphatic fluid
accumulation

29. Exudative pleural effusion causes
• Pneumonia: A
common cause of
exudative pleural
effusions, leading
to inflammatory
changes in the
pleura and
increased protein
content in the
pleural fluid.

30. Exudative pleural effusion causes
•
Mal
ignancy: Cancer
cells can directly
invade the pleura
or indirectly
cause pleural
effusions through
various
mechanisms.
•
Lun
g cancer, breast
cancer, and
lymphoma are
some examples
of malignancies
associated with
exudative pleural
effusions

31. Exudative pleural effusion causes
• Pancreatitis:
Inflammation of the
pancreas can cause
exudative pleural
effusions through
mechanisms
involving increased
capillary permeability
and lymphatic
dysfunction.
Pulmonary embolism:
Blockage of a main
pulmonary artery can
lead to exudative pleural
effusions due to
increased pulmonary
vascular pressure and
fluid leakage.

32. Lymphatic Pleural Effusion chylothorax
• Accumulation of
chyle (lymphatic
fluid rich in fats)
in the pleural
space.
• Caused by
obstruction or
disruption of the

33. Lymphatic Pleural Effusion Causes
• Causes:
Trauma to the thoracic
duct, surgery,
malignancy,
lymphedema.
• Symptoms:
Dyspnea, cough, chest
pain, weight loss, fatigue.
• Diagnosis:
Chest X-ray, CT scan,
thoracentesis (fluid
analysis).
• Treatment:
Drainage (thoracentesis,
chest tube), dietary fat
restriction, octreotide
(medication to decrease
chyle production),
surgery (in severe cases).

34. Symptoms
• Dyspnea
(shortness of
breath)
• Labored
breathing
• Non-productive
cough
• Chest tightness
• Orthopnea
(difficulty
breathing lying
down)

35. Dyspnea
The most common
symptom, occurring
from mild to severe
depending on the
amount of fluid and its
impact on lung
function

36. Symptoms
• Cough:
Dry, non-productive
cough can occur due
to irritation of the
pleura or underlying
respiratory
conditions.
• Chest
pain: Pleuritic pain is
sharp, worsens with
deep breaths, and
results from
inflammation of the
pleural surfaces.

37. Symptoms
• Other
symptoms: Fatigue,
weight loss, lethargy,
and fever can occur
depending on the
cause of the pleural
effusion and its
impact on the body's
overall function.

38. Diagnosis
• Physical
examination
• Chest
radiographs
• Imaging

39. Diagnosis

40. Physical Examination
• Physical
examination:
Inspection,
palpation,
percussion, and
auscultation can
reveal signs like
decreased breath
sounds, dullness
to percussion,
and tactile
fremitus.

41. Imaging
• Chest radiographs:
X-rays are the initial
imaging test,
showing the
presence and size
of the pleural
effusion.
• Imaging: CT scans,
ultrasound, and MRI
can provide more
detailed information
about the effusion,
underlying lung
abnormalities, and
potential causes.

42. Imaging

43. Drainage
Used for larger
effusions or
persistent fluid
accumulation

44. Drainage

45. Pleurodesis
• (scarring of
pleural space):
Used to prevent
recurrent
effusions by
chemically or
mechanically
irritating the
pleura.

46. Surgical procedure
Thoracentesis (fluid
removal)
Catheter drainage
Pleurodesis (scarring
of pleural space)
Pleuroperitoneal
shunt (fluid drainage
to abdomen)
Pleurectomy (surgical
removal of pleura)
Thoracoscopy (visual
examination of
pleural space)
Thoracostomy
(surgical opening of
chest cavity)