Plastic roads are constructed using waste plastic that is shredded and mixed with hot bitumen and aggregates. Field trials showed plastic roads perform better than conventional roads with increased strength, durability and resistance to water and wear. Plastic roads reduce disposal of plastic waste while enhancing road properties like stability and binding. However, concerns exist around toxic leaching from plastic during construction and maintenance of plastic roads.
Recycle material used in road constructionpavan bathani
As the world population grows, so do the amount and type of waste being generated.Many of the waste produced today will remain in environment.The creation of non decaying waste material, combined with a growing consumer population, has resulted in a waste disposal crisis.
One solution to this crisis lies in recycling waste into useful products.
It is try to match society need for safe and economic disposal of waste material with highway industry need for better and more cost effective construction material.
Civil Engineering presentation topic. Its a green house building material, environment friendly and has wide application in constructions related to civil engineering projects.
bricks made from recycled plastic
recycle plastic bottles into bricks
plastic brick edging
plastic bricks for walls
plastic bricks for construction
american plastic bricks toy
plastic brick wall covering
american plastic bricks by elgo
This document is prepared for our major project submission for B.tech degree. the project deals with improvement of compressive strength of pervious concrete with out affecting its permeability property much.
Pros and cons of plastic roads are explained. This will be more economical,easily assembled and dismantled and reduction in construction and maintenance time.The basic process for different type of construction of plastic roads is explained.Case study on plastic roads in Jamshedpur and Bangalore has been discussed. Glimpse of "Plastic Of Man Of India" has been briefed.
A plastic road presentation is made by Anoop Chhapola .
in this ppt what is plastiv road , How to use of plastic waste material , Construction of plastic waste material road , Example of JUSCO in Jamshedpur etc Important task are include in .
Recycle material used in road constructionpavan bathani
As the world population grows, so do the amount and type of waste being generated.Many of the waste produced today will remain in environment.The creation of non decaying waste material, combined with a growing consumer population, has resulted in a waste disposal crisis.
One solution to this crisis lies in recycling waste into useful products.
It is try to match society need for safe and economic disposal of waste material with highway industry need for better and more cost effective construction material.
Civil Engineering presentation topic. Its a green house building material, environment friendly and has wide application in constructions related to civil engineering projects.
bricks made from recycled plastic
recycle plastic bottles into bricks
plastic brick edging
plastic bricks for walls
plastic bricks for construction
american plastic bricks toy
plastic brick wall covering
american plastic bricks by elgo
This document is prepared for our major project submission for B.tech degree. the project deals with improvement of compressive strength of pervious concrete with out affecting its permeability property much.
Pros and cons of plastic roads are explained. This will be more economical,easily assembled and dismantled and reduction in construction and maintenance time.The basic process for different type of construction of plastic roads is explained.Case study on plastic roads in Jamshedpur and Bangalore has been discussed. Glimpse of "Plastic Of Man Of India" has been briefed.
A plastic road presentation is made by Anoop Chhapola .
in this ppt what is plastiv road , How to use of plastic waste material , Construction of plastic waste material road , Example of JUSCO in Jamshedpur etc Important task are include in .
Plastic roads mainly use plastic carry bags, disposable cups and bottles that are collected from garbage dumps.
plastic waste is increasing due to increase in population, urbanization and development
Plastics can be divided in to two major categories: thermoset and thermoplastics.
The disposal of waste plastic has become a serious problem globally due to their non-biodegradability.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. CONTENTS
• Introduction.
• What are plastic roads?
• Field trials
• Comparison between ordinary road and plastic road
• Advantages of plastic roads
• Disadvantages of plastic roads
• Conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION
• Disposal of waste plastic is a major problem. It is non
biodegradable and it mainly consists of low density
polyethylene.
• Burning of these waste plastic bags causes environmental
pollution.
• To find its utility in bituminous mixes for road construction,
laboratory performance studies were conducted on bituminous
mixes.
• Laboratory studies proved that waste plastic enhances the
property of the mix.
4. • Plastic roads mainly use plastic carry bags, disposable cups
and bottles that are collected from garbage dumps as an
important ingredient of the construction material.
• Improvement in properties of bituminous mix provides the
solution for disposal in an useful way.
• When mixed with hot bitumen, plastics melt to form an oily
coat over the aggregate and the mixture is laid on the road
surface like a normal tar road.
5. WHAT ARE WASTE PLASTIC ROADS?
• The roads constructed
using waste plastic,
popularly known as
plastic roads, are found to
perform better compared
to these constructed with
conventional bitumen.
7. WHY PLASTIC?
• Resistance to water, wear and tear
• Durability
• Available at low cost
• Disposal issues
• Environmental and ecological issues
• Properties enhanced.
8. TYPE OF PLASTIC ORIGIN
Low density polyethylene
(LDPE)
Bags, sacks, bin lining
High density polyethylene
(HDPE)
Bottles of pharmaceuticals, disinfectants, milk, fruit
juices, bottle caps
Polypropylene (PP) Film wrapping for biscuits, microwave trays for ready
made meals
Polystyrene (PS) Yoghurt pots clear egg packs, bottle caps
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Mineral water bottles, credit cards, toys, pipes and
gutters, electrical fittings, furniture, folders and pens
9. HOW TO USE
1.SEGREGATION:
• Plastic waste collected
from various sources
must be separated from
other waste.
• Maximum thickness of
60 microns.
19. WET PROCESS
• Waste plastics by directly mixing with hot bitumen at 160 ͦC.
• Mechanical stirrer is needed.
• Addition of stabilizers and proper cooling.
• Since the wet process require a lot of investment and bigger
plants.
• Not commonly used.
20. COMPARISION BETWEEN ORDINARY BITUMEN ROAD AND
WASTE PLASTIC ROADS:
SL.
NO
PROPERTIES ORDINARY ROADS PLASTIC ROADS
1 MARSHALL STABILITY VALUE LESS MORE
2 BINDING PROPERTY GOOD BETTER
3 SOFTENING POINT MORE LESS
4 PENETRATION VALUE LESS MORE
5 RUTTING MORE LESS
6 STRIPPING (POT HOLES) MORE NO
7 DURABILITY OF THE ROADS GOOD BETTER
8 SEEPAGE OF WATER YES NO
21. ADVANTAGES
• Better resistance towards rain water and water stagnation.
• No stripping and no potholes.
• The strength of the road is increased by 100%.
• The cost of road construction is also decreased.
• The maintenance cost of road is almost nil.
• Use higher percentage of plastic reduces the disposal problem of
waste plastic.
• Reduce the need of bitumen by around 10%.
22. DISADVANTAGES
• Cleaning process: Toxics present in the co-mingled plastic
waste would start leaching.
• During the road laying process: In the presence of chlorine
will definitely release HCL gas.
• After the road laying: It is opined that the first rain will
trigger leaching. as the plastic will merely from a sticky layer,
(mechanical abrasion).
23. CONCLUSION
• Use of innovative technology not only strengthened the road
construction but also increased the road life.
• Help to improve the environment.
• Plastic road would be a boon for India's hot and extremely
humid climate where durable and eco-friendly roads which
will relive the earth from all type of plastic waste.
24. REFERENCE
• Bhogayata, “ Feasibility of waste metalized polythylene used as
constituent” April 2010.
• Bindhu C.S and Dr. K.S.Beena., “Waste plastic as additive in stone
mastic asphalt” September 2012.
• Konin a, “Effect of plastic waste content on mechanical property
of flexible pavements” December 2012.
• Mercy Joseph Poweth, Solly George, Jessy Paul, “Study on use of
plastic waste in road construction” March 2013.