SlideShare a Scribd company logo
PLASTICROADS
ASeminarReportSubmitted
InPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements
Forthedegreeof
BACHELOROFTECHNOLOGY
IN
CIVILENGINEERING
BY
MANOJKUMARNS
1CR15CV043
Underthesupervision
Of
MrNARENDRAKUMARFATEHPURIA
AssistantProfessor
TothefacultyofCivilEngineering
VISVESVARAYATECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITY
BELGAUM
MARCH-2019
CERTIFICATE
ThisistoCertifythatMANOJKUMARNS(1CR15CV033)
hascarriedouttheworkpresentedinthisseminarentitled
“PLASTICROADS”undermysupervision.
Signature Signature
NARENDRAKUMARFATEHPURIA Dr.ASHAMNAIR
AssistantProfessor Headof
Department
DepartmentofCivilEngineering DepartmentofCivil
Engineering
Date: Date:
Signature Signature
Mr Narendra Kumar Fatehpuria Dr. Asha M Nair
Assistant professor. Professor and HOD
(Department of Civil Engineering) (Department of Civil Engineering)
Date : Date :
AKNOWLEDGEMENT
Itakegreatpleasuretoexpressmysincerethanksanddeep
senseofgratitudetoDr.AshaM Nair,Professor&Headof
Department,forgivingmethisopportunity.
Ialsotakethisopportunitytoexpressmyprofoundgratitudeanddeep
regards to ourguide Mr.Narendra KumarFatehpuria,Assistant
Professor,forhisexemplaryguidanceandmonitoring.
Iwouldalsoliketoexpressoursincerethankstoalltheteaching
andnon-teachingstaffoftheDepartmentofCivilEngineeringwho
havehelpedmedirectlyorindirectly.
MANOJKUMARNS
1CR15CV043
ABSTRACT
Plasticisatoxic&persistentmaterial.Itisgenerallyfoundtobenearly5%in
MunicipalSolid Wastes (MSW)which is a majorenvironmentalthreat.
Nowadays,plasticsareusedinourday-to-daylifeforenormouspurposesviz.
carrybagsinvariousshops,plasticsheetmaterialsformaking roofsof
temporarykutchahousesandhutments,packagingmaterialsinLDPE&HDPE
manufacturingindustries,indrinkingwatersupplyandsanitaryappurtenances,
inelectricalappliances,inmanufacturingofvariouselectronicappliancesetc.
TheoutcomeofLifeCycleAssessment(LCA)oftheseplasticmaterialsisnot
satisfactory.Generallypeopledisposeofftheseplasticmaterialsandplastic
productsaftertheirusageonopengroundassurfaceimpoundmentinlieuof
theirreuse,recycleandreductioninvolumewhichhasbecomeaprominent
ecological& environmentalproblem.Waste plasticbags& waste plastic
materialsinterruptstheinfiltrationandpercolationofrainwaterthroughsoil
poresandinturndiminishesthegroundwaterrechargeinaquifers.Nowadays
wehavetonesofplasticsolidwastesinoursurroundings.Therearesomany
instituteswhichafterconsistentresearcheshavecometoaconclusionthat
wasteplasticscanbeusedinmodifyingroads.Ifweuseplasticsinroad
construction,wecanreducethecostofroadconstructionandpollutionindex
ofenvironmenttoanappreciableextent.Wecanuseplasticsasbinderwith
bitumen.Itmaygivebetterfinish-ability,stability,bindingproperty,resistanceto
wateranddurability.
CONTENTS
1.INTRODUCTION
2.OBJECTIVES
3.LITERATUREREVIEW
4.MATERIALSANDMETHOD
5.CLASSIFICATIONOFPLASTIC
6.METHODOLOGYANDPROCEDURE
7.ADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGES
8.RESULTANDDISCUSSION
9.CONCLUSION
10. REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
Amaterialthatcontainsoneormoreorganicpolymersoflargemolecularweight,
solidinitsfinishedstateandatsomestatewhilemanufacturingorprocessinginto
finishedarticles,canbeshapedbyitsflow,iscalledas‘Plastic’.Plasticsaredurable
anddegradeveryslowly;thechemicalbondsthatmakeplasticsodurablemakeit
equallyresistanttonaturalprocessesofdegradation.Plasticscanbedividedinto
twomajorcategories:thermosesandthermoplastics.A thermosetsolidifiesor
“sets”irreversiblywhenheated.Theyareusefulfortheirdurabilityandstrength,and
arethereforeusedprimarilyinautomobilesandconstructionapplications.These
plastics are polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyoxymethylene,
polytetrafluorethylene.Athermoplasticsoftenswhenexposedtoheatandreturns
tooriginalconditionatroomtemperature.Thermoplasticscaneasilybeshapedand
mouldedintoproductssuchasmilkjugs,floorcoverings,creditcards,andcarpet
fibres.Theseplastictypesareknownasphenolic,melamine,unsaturatedpolyester,
epoxyresin,silicone,andpolyurethane.Accordingtorecentstudies,plasticscan
stayunchangedforaslongas4500yearsonearthwithincreaseintheglobal
populationandtherisingdemandforfoodandotheressentials,therehasbeena
riseintheamountofwastebeinggenerateddailybyeachhousehold.Plasticin
differentformsisfoundtobealmost5%inmunicipalsolidwaste,whichistoxicin
nature.Itisacommonsightinbothurbanandruralareastofindemptyplasticbags
andothertypeofplasticpackingmateriallitteringtheroadsaswellasdrains.Due
to itsbiodegradabilityitcreatesstagnation ofwaterand associated hygiene
problems.Inordertocontainthisproblem experimentshavebeencarriedout
whetherthiswasteplasticcanbereusedproductively.Theexperimentationat
severalinstitutesindicatedthatthewasteplastic,whenaddedtohotaggregatewill
form afinecoatofplasticovertheaggregateandsuchaggregate,whenmixedwith
thebinderisfoundtogivehigherstrength,higherresistancetowaterandbetter
performanceoveraperiodoftime.Wasteplasticsuchascarrybags,disposable
cupsandlaminatedpoucheslikechips,panmasala,aluminum foilandpackaging
materialusedforbiscuits,chocolates,milkandgroceryitemscanbeusedfor
surfacingroads.Useofplasticalongwiththebitumeninconstructionofroadsnot
onlyincreasesitslifeandsmoothnessbutalsomakesiteconomicallysoundand
environmentfriendly.Plasticwasteisusedasmodifierofbitumentoimprovesome
ofbitumenpropertiesRoadsthatareconstructedusingplasticwasteareknownas
PlasticRoadsandarefoundtoperform bettercomparedtothoseconstructedwith
conventionalbitumen.Furtherithasbeenfoundthatsuchroadswerenotsubjected
tostrippingwhencomeincontactwithwater.Useofhigherpercentageofplastic
wastereducestheneedofbitumenby10%.Italsoincreasesthestrengthand
performanceoftheroad.Plasticincreasesthemeltingpointofbitumenandhence
missingcanbedoneinmorebetterandeasierway.AccordingtoDr.R.Vasudevan,
Dean ECA and Professor,DepartmentofChemistry,ThiagarajarCollege of
Engineering,Madurai,plasticwastereplaces10%to15%ofbitumen,andthereby
saves approximatelyRs.35000 to Rs.45000 perkilometerofa road stretch.
Inclusionofplasticwasteinroadconstructioneliminatestheplasticshrinkage
crackingofroadsurfaceandreducesthedryingshrinkagetosomeextent.
PROBLEMSTATEMENT
Thedebateontheuseandabuseofplasticsvis-à-visenvironmentalprotectioncan
goon,withoutyieldingresultsuntilpracticalstepsareinitiatedatthegrassroots
levelbyeveryonewhoisinapositiontodosomethingaboutit.Theplasticwastes
couldbeusedinroadconstructionandthefieldtestswithstoodthestressand
provedthatplasticwastesusedafterproperprocessingasanadditivewould
enhancethelifeoftheroadsandalsosolveenvironmentalproblems.Thepresent
write-uphighlightsthedevelopmentsinusingplasticswastetomakeplasticroads.
Therapidrateofurbanizationanddevelopmenthasledtoincreasingplasticwaste
generation.Asplasticisnon-biodegradableinnature,itremainsinenvironmentfor
severalyears and disposing plastic wastes atlandfillare unsafe since toxic
chemicalsleachoutintothesoil,andunder-groundwaterandpollutethewater
bodies. Due to littering habits,inadequate waste management system /
infrastructure,plasticwastedisposalcontinuetobeamajorproblem forthecivic
authorities,especiallyintheurbanareas.Asstatedabove,plasticdisposalisoneof
themajorproblemsfordevelopingcountrieslikeIndia,atasametimeIndianeedsa
largenetworkofroadsforitssmootheconomicandsocialdevelopment.Scarcityof
bitumenneedsadeepthinkingtoensurefastroadconstruction.
2.OBJECTIVES
Basicintentionistoefficientlyutilizethewasteplasticinconstructivewaysothatit
canbebeneficialtosocietyhowevermainobjectivesofcurrentprojectworkare:
 Tocoattheaggregateswiththewasteplasticmaterials.
 Tocheckthepropertiesofbituminousmixspecimen.
 Tocheckthepropertiesofbituminousmixspecimenduetocoatingofwaste
plasticmaterials.
 Tocomparethepropertiesofbituminousmixspecimenwiththepropertiesof
coatedaggregate.
LITERATUREREVIEW
 VermaS.S(2008).Concludedthatplasticswillincreasethemeltingpointof
thebitumen.Thistechnologynotonlystrengthenedtheroadconstructionbut
alsoincreasedtheroadlife.
 Dr.R.Vasudevan.Whenitusedforroadconstructionitcanwithstanditcan
withstandhighertemperatureandload.Thecoatingofplasticsreducesthe
porosity,absorptionofmoistureandimprovessoundness.Hencetheuseof
plasticwasteforflexiblepavementisoneofthebestmethodsforeasy
disposalofwaste plastics.The results indicated thatthere was an
improvementinstrengthpropertieswhencomparedtoaconventionalmix.
Therefore,thelifeofpavementsurfacingusingthewasteplasticisexpected
toincreasesubstantiallyincomparisontotheuseofconventionalbituminous
mix.Hencetheuseofwasteplasticsforflexiblepavementisoneofthebest
methodsforeasydisposalofwasteplastics.Thistechnologynotonly
strengthenedtheroadconstructionbutalsoincreasedtheroadlife.
 Zoorab& Suparmareportedtheuseofrecycledplasticscomposed
predominantlyofpolypropylene and low densitypolyethylene in plain
bituminousconcretemixtureswithincreaseddurabilityandimproved
fatiguelife.Densebituminousmacadam withrecycledplastics,mainlylow
densitypolyethylene(LDPE)replacing 30% of2.36-5mm aggregates,
reducedthemixdensityby16%andshoweda250%increaseinMarshall
Stability;the indirecttensile strength (ITS)was also improved in the
‘Plastiphalt’mixturesD.N.Littleworkedonthesamethemeandhefound
thatresistancetodeformationofasphalticconcretemodifiedwithlow
densitypolythenewasimprovedincomparisonwithunmodifiedmixes.Itis
foundthattherecycledpolyethylenebagsmaybeusefulinbituminous
pavementsresultinginreducedpermanentdeformationintheform of
rutting and reduced low temperature cracking ofpavementsurfacing
Binduetal.Investigatesthebenefitsofstabilizingthestonemasticasphalt
(SMA)mixtureinflexiblepavementwithshreddedwasteplastic.
MATERIALSUSED
Aggregates
Theaggregatesareboundtogethereitherbybituminousmaterialsorby
cement.Inafew cases,therockdustitselfwhenmixedwithwaterforms
slurrywhichactsasabindingmedium.Theaggregatesmaybeclassifiedinto
naturalandartificialaggregates.Thenaturalaggregatesagainareclassifiedas
coarseaggregatesconsistingofcrushedrockaggregatesorgravelsandfine
aggregatesorsand.Theblastfurnaceslagobtainedasby-productfrom blast
furnacesistheoneextensivelyused asroad construction material.Stone
aggregateusedforroadworkshouldbehard,tough,durableandhydrophobicfor
bituminoussurface.Gravelshouldbewellgraded(6.4mm to38mm)andshould
haveafinenessmodulusofnotlessthan5.75.Sandshouldbesharp,well
graded,cleanofallsilts,clayandorganicmatter.Thequantityofaggregates
usedinfirstcoatofsurfacedressingshouldbe0.15m3per10m2areaof12mm
nominalsize.Ontheotherhand,thequantityofaggregateusedinsecondcoatof
surfacedressingshouldbe0.15m3per10m2areasandof10mmnominalsize.
Bitumen
Bitumen isused asbindersin pavementsconstructions.Bitumen maybe
derivedfrom theresidueleftbytherefineryfrom naturallyoccurringasphalt.As
perdefinitiongivenbytheAmerican Society ofTesting Materials bitumen
hasbeen defined as“Mixturesofhydrocarbonsofnaturalorpyrogenous
origin,orcombination ofboth,frequentlyaccompaniedbytheirnon-metallic
derivatives,whichmaybegaseous,liquid,semi-solidorsolid,andwhichare
completelysolubleincarbondisulphide.”Bitumenfoundinnaturalstateknownas
asphaltcontainslargequantitiesofsolidmineralmatter.Whenpetroleumcrudeis
refinedinarefinery,theyareseparatedbyfractionaldistillationintheorderof
decreasingvolatility.Ondistillationoftheresidualbituminousresidue,straight-run
bitumenisobtained.Thisbitumenisknownaspenetrationgradebitumenorsteam
refined petroleum bitumen.The grades of bitumen used for pavement
constructionisknownaspavinggradesandthatusedforwaterproofingof
structuresisknownasindustrialgrades.Thegradeofstraightrunbitumenis
chosendependingupontheclimaticconditionsoftheregioninwhichsurface
dressingistobeconstructed.InmostpartsofIndia80/100and180/200
gradebitumenisused.Heaviergradecutbacks,rapidsettingemulsionsor
heaviergradetarsmayalsobeused.Thegradeofbasicbitumenisalteredeither
bycontrolledrefiningorbymixingwithdieseloilorotheroils.Forsingle
dressingsonWBM basecourse,quantityofbitumenneededrangesfrom 17to
195kgper10m2areasand10to12kgper10m2areaincaseofrenewalof
blacktopsurfacing.Forsecondcoatofsurfacedressing,thequantityofbitumen
neededrangesfrom10to12kgper10m2area.BulkbitumenLorrieswithtanksof
capacityrangingfrom 5000to15000litresareusedtotransportbulkbitumen.
AsperPMC,thebitumencontentinamixshouldbe4%ofweightbytotalmixfor
B.M.ThepavingbitumenavailableinIndiaisclassifiedintotwocategories:Paving
bitumenfromAssampetroleumdenotedasA-typeanddesignatedasgradesA35,
A90,etc.Pavingbitumenfrom othersourcesdenotedasS-typeanddesignatedas
gradesS35,S90,etc.
Importantpropertiesofbitumenare:
 Viscosityofbitumen should be adequate atthe time ofmixing and
compaction.Itisachievedbyheatingpriortomixingandbyuseof
cutbacksandemulsion.Inpresenceofwaterbitumenshouldnotstrip
offfrom aggregate.Bitumenshouldbedurableinallseasons.Itshould
notbecometoosoftduringsummersanddevelopcracksduringwinters.
 Bitumengrade:60/70,80/100gradebitumen.
Plasticmaterial
Plastics are usuallyclassified bytheirchemicalstructure ofthe polymer's
backboneandsidechains.Someimportantgroupsintheseclassificationsarethe
acrylics,polyesters,silicones,polyurethanes,and halogenated plastics.
Plasticscanalsobeclassifiedbythechemicalprocessusedintheirsynthesis,
suchascondensation,polyaddition,andcrosslinking.Therearetwotypesof
plastics:thermoplasticsand thermosetting polymers.Thermoplasticsare the
plasticsthatdonotundergochemicalchangeintheircompositionwhenheated
and can be moulded again and again. Examples include polyethylene,
polypropylene,polystyrene,polyvinylchloride,andpolytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)
Inthethermosettingprocess,achemicalreactionoccursthatisirreversible.
Thevulcanizationofrubberisathermosettingprocess.Beforeheatingwith
sulphur,thepolyisopreneisatacky,slightlyrunnymaterial,butaftervulcanization
theproductisrigidandnon-tacky.Thepropertiesofplasticsaredefinedchiefly
by the organic chemistry ofthe polymer.such as hardness,density,and
resistancetoheat,organicsolvents,oxidation,andionizingradiation.
Typesofplastic
1.polyethyleneterephthalate(PET)
2.High-densitypolyethylene(HDPE)
3.Polyvinylchloride(PVC)
4.Low-densitypolyethylene(LDPE)
5.Polypropylene(PP)
6.Polystyrene(PS)
Plasticsaredurableanddegradeveryslowly;thechemicalbondsthatmakeplastic
sodurablemakeitequallyresistanttonaturalprocessesofdegradation.Sincethe
1950s,onebilliontonsofplastichavebeendiscardedandmaypersistfor
hundredsoreventhousandsofyears.Perhapsthebiggestenvironmentalthreat
from plasticcomesfrom nurdles,whicharetheraw materialfrom whichall
plasticsaremade.Theyaretinypre-plasticpelletsthatkilllargenumbersoffish
andbirdsthatmistakethem forfood.PriortothebanontheuseofCFCsin
extrusionofpolystyrene(andgeneraluse,exceptinlife-criticalfiresuppression
systems;seeMontrealProtocol),theproductionofpolystyrenecontributedtothe
depletionoftheozonelayer;however,non-CFCsarecurrentlyusedintheextrusion
process.Thermoplasticscanberemeltedandreused,andthermosetplasticscan
begroundupandusedasfiller,althoughthepurityofthematerialtendsto
degradewitheachreusecycle.Therearemethodsbywhichplasticscanbe
brokenbackdowntoafeedstockstate.
Classificationofplasticwaste
a)Polyethylene
 LDPE(LowDensityPoly-Ethylene):
Low densitypoly-ethylenethisplasticwasteavailableintheform ofcarrybags
generallyinstorestheseplasticbagsareverythinandalsoeasilyavailable.
 HDPE(HighDensityPoly-Ethylene):
GenerallyHighdensitypoly-ethylenetypeofplasticwasteisavailableintheform
ofcarrybagsandeasilyavailableinthemarket.
b)Polypropylene
Thisplasticmaybeavailableintheform ofcarrybagsorsolidplasticit’sdepend
upontheuseandneedoftheindustries.Itisavailableintheform ofplasticbottles
andmatsheetsetc.
Preparationofplasticwastematerial
Plasticwastescenario
Theuseofplasticmaterialssuchascarrybags,cups,etc.isconstantly
increasing.Theconsumptionofplasticshasincreasedfrom4000tons/annumto
4milliontons/annum anditisexpectedtorise8milliontons/annum duringthe
year2010.Nearly50to60%ofthetotalplasticsareconsumedforpacking.
Basicprocesses
1.Segregation
2.Cleaningprocess
3.Shreddingprocess
4.Collectionprocess
SHREDDINGMACHINE
Plasticwasteblendingmaterials
a)Preparationofblend
Polyethylenecarrybagsarecutintopiecesusingashreddingmachine.Theyare
sievedandtheplasticpiecespassingthrough4.75mm sieveandretainingat
2.36mm sievegetscollected.Theseplasticpiecesareaddedslowlytothehot
bitumen oftemperature around 170-1800C.The mixture stirred wellusing
mechanicalstirrerforabout20-30minutes.Polymer-bitumenmixturesofdifferent
compositionscanbepreparedandusedforcarryingoutvarioustests.
b)Separationtest(IRC-SP:53-1999)
Samples ofdifferentcomposition can be subjected to the separation test.
Homogeneitycanbeobtainedapproximatelyupto1.5% blend.Beyondthis
composition,thevariationofsofteningpointismuchhigherforthetopand
bottom layerofthetestsamplesshowingthatthereisaseparationofpolymer
frombitumenonstanding.
c)Characterizationofplasticwaste-bitumenblendforflexiblepavement
Theutilityoftheplasticwasteblendedbitumen-aggregatemixforflexible
pavementconstructionischaracterizedbystudyingstrippingvalueandMarshall
Stabilityvalueofthemixfortheblendshavingamaximumof1.5%plasticwaste.
d)Preparationofplastic-wastecoatedaggregate
Theaggregateareheatedtoaround170ᵒC;theplasticwasteshreddedtothe
sizevaryingbetween2.36mm and4.75mm.Thisshreddedplasticwasteisadded
overhotaggregatewithconstantmixingtogiveauniformdistribution.Theplastic
getsoftenedandcoatedovertheaggregate.Thehotplasticwastecoated
aggregatesaremixedwithhotbitumen60/70or80/100grade.
Twoprocessesusedintheconstructionofplasticroads
1.Wetprocess
Inthisprocess,thewasteplasticisdirectlymixedwithhotBitumenat160ᵒCand
thismixtureisthenmixedusingamechanicalstirrer.Thismixturealso
containsadditionalstabilizersandrequirespropercooling.Itisnotpopular
becauseitrequireshugeinvestments,largerplantsandmoreequipmentthanthe
DryProcess.
2.Dryprocess
Firsttheplasticwasteiscollected,segregatedandstored.Thesegregationisdone
becausecertainkindsofplasticlikepolyvinylchloride(PVC)andfluxsheets
cannotbeusedduetosafetyconcerns.Thenextstepinvolvesthecleaningof
theplastic.Thisisnecessarybecausemostoftheplasticwastecollectedhas
beenusedforpackaging(55% inIndia)andhenceislikelytocontainresidual
substancessuchaslittlebitsoffoodwhichmustberemoved.Afterthisthe
plasticgoesthroughtheprocessofshreddingwhichreducesittothecorrect
thickness,2-4mm.Theaggregateisheatedtoaround160ᵒC-170ᵒCandthenthe
plasticisaddedandafter30-40sauniform coatingisobserved.Thiscoating
givesitanoilylook.TheBitumenisthenaddedandthemixtureisthoroughly
mixedbeforelaying.TheBitumenisaddedatatemperatureofaround155ᵒC-
163ᵒC.Thistemperatureiscarefullyregulatedtomakesurethatthebindingis
strong.Theprocessisdescribedbythediagrambelow.
Constructionofplasticcoatedbitumenroad
Plasticwastecollection Plasticwasteissegregated
Plasticwasteisshredded(2-4mm) Plasticwasteiscleanedanddried
Stoneaggregateisheated(160ᵒ-170ᵒC) Shreddedplasticisaddedto
heatedagg
Upto4layersofthemixtureis
The Bitumen (temp.155ᵒC-
163ᵒC)isthenaddedandmixed
withthecoatedaggregate
laidrolledandcleaned
ADVANTAGES
 This is a verysimple technologywhich does notinvolve anyspecial
machinesdeploymentorotheradvancedskilledprofessionals.
 Thereisspotuseofthewasteplastic.
 Thesewaterproofroadsprovideconsiderablyincreaseddurability.
 Nostrippingofroadshappensasthiskindofroadsresistthepermeationof
water.
 Moreemploymentcanbegeneratedaslabourswillberequiredincollection,
segregationandshreddingofwasteplastics.
 Multi‐layerfilmscanbeusedwhichprovidestrengthanddurability.
 Nomaintenancewillberequiredforyearsasthesurfaceremainswithoutany
crackingorpotholes.
DISADVANTAGES
 Mostchallenging task to be collected good quality ofplastic waste,
availabilityandsegregatingofuniqueobjects.
 Toxicspresentintheco-mingledplasticwastewouldstartleaching.
 Duringtheroadlayingprocess,Inthepresenceofchlorinewilldefinitely
releasenoxiousHCLgas.
 Aftertheroadlaying,Thecomponentsoftheroad,onceithasbeenlaid,are
notinert.
CONCLUSION
❖ The use ofthe innovative technologynotonlystrengthened the road
construction.
❖ Butalso increased the road life as wellas willhelp to improve the
environmentandalsocreatingasourceofincome.
❖Plasticswillincreasethemeltingpointofthebitumen.
❖ PlasticroadswouldbeaboonforIndia’shotandextremelyhumidclimate,
wheretemperaturesfrequentlycross50°Candtorrentialrainscreatehavoc,
leavingmostoftheroadswithbigpotholes.
❖ Itishopedthatinnearfuturewewillhavestrong,durableandeco-friendly
roadswhichwillrelievetheearthfromalltypeofplastic-waste.
REFFERENCE
❖R.Vasudevan.(2011)“Atechniquetodisposewasteplasticsinanecofriendlyway
Applicationinconstructionofflexiblepavements”ConstructionandBuilding
MaterialsVol.8DepartmentofChemistry,ThiagarajarCollegeofEngineering,
Madurai,TamilNadu,India,pp311–320.
❖ MissApurvaJChavan-UseofplasticwasteinflexiblePavements-ISSN2319–
4847,Volume2,Issue4,April2013
❖ S.S.Verma-Roadsfrom plasticwaste-TheIndianConcreteJournal-November
2008
❖ KshitijAditeyaSingh-UseofPlasticsinRoadConstructionImplementationof
TechnologyandRollout–CENTREFORINNOVATIONSIN PUBLICSYSTEMS
November2014
❖ IRC:SP:98-2013 GUIDLINES FOR THE USE OF WASTE PLASTIC IN HOT
BITUMINOUSMIXES(DRYPROCESS)INWEARINGCOURSES
 ZoorabS.EandSuparmaL.B“LaboratoryDesignandInvestigationofBituminous
Composite containing waste recycled plastics aggregate replacement,CIB
symposium onconstructionandenvironmenttheoryintopractice,SaoPaulo,
BrazilNov-2000
26

More Related Content

What's hot

use of waste plastics for road construction
use of waste plastics for road constructionuse of waste plastics for road construction
use of waste plastics for road construction
translateds
 
ROAD CONSTRUCTION(BITUMEN) SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
ROAD CONSTRUCTION(BITUMEN) SUMMER TRAINING REPORTROAD CONSTRUCTION(BITUMEN) SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
ROAD CONSTRUCTION(BITUMEN) SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
ssuser5fea8f
 
Plastic as a soil stabilizer
Plastic as a soil stabilizerPlastic as a soil stabilizer
Plastic as a soil stabilizer
Shoaib Wani
 
Industrial Training Report of Construction Site in Civil Engineering
Industrial Training Report of Construction Site in Civil EngineeringIndustrial Training Report of Construction Site in Civil Engineering
Industrial Training Report of Construction Site in Civil Engineering
RAVI KUMAR
 
Waste Plastic Road
Waste Plastic RoadWaste Plastic Road
Waste Plastic Road
Jayanta Sen
 
Plastic road Technology in India Presentation
Plastic road Technology in India Presentation Plastic road Technology in India Presentation
Plastic road Technology in India Presentation
Arun Arun
 
Project report file on construction of flexible pavement by Harshit Prakash Garg
Project report file on construction of flexible pavement by Harshit Prakash GargProject report file on construction of flexible pavement by Harshit Prakash Garg
Project report file on construction of flexible pavement by Harshit Prakash Garg
harshit315
 
Analysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.Pro
Analysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.ProAnalysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.Pro
Analysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.Pro
gsharda123
 
Utilization of Plastics in Roads
Utilization of Plastics in RoadsUtilization of Plastics in Roads
Utilization of Plastics in Roads
Prashant Kumar
 
REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING AT PWD(FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS CONSTRUCTION)
REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING AT PWD(FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS CONSTRUCTION)REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING AT PWD(FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS CONSTRUCTION)
REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING AT PWD(FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS CONSTRUCTION)
Ratnesh Kushwaha
 
Training report of road construction
Training report of road constructionTraining report of road construction
Training report of road construction
ManavSinghal8
 
Geotextiles in pavement
Geotextiles in pavementGeotextiles in pavement
Geotextiles in pavement
BHAGCHAND MEENA
 
soil stabilization using waste finber by RAJ S PYARA
soil stabilization using waste finber by RAJ S PYARAsoil stabilization using waste finber by RAJ S PYARA
soil stabilization using waste finber by RAJ S PYARA
rajkumar pyara
 
Industrial training report of construction of the residential building
Industrial training report of construction of the residential buildingIndustrial training report of construction of the residential building
Industrial training report of construction of the residential building
suraj jha
 
Summer Training Report On Bituminous (Asphalt) Road
Summer Training Report On Bituminous (Asphalt) RoadSummer Training Report On Bituminous (Asphalt) Road
Summer Training Report On Bituminous (Asphalt) Road
shashanksingh593
 
Green concrete
Green concreteGreen concrete
Green concrete
ghildiyal8811
 
Unit 4
Unit 4Unit 4
Plastic roads
Plastic roadsPlastic roads
Plastic roads
Siyaram Meena
 
Plastic Roads
Plastic RoadsPlastic Roads
Plastic Roads
Civil Engineers
 
PROJECT DOCUMENT OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE
PROJECT DOCUMENT OF PERVIOUS CONCRETEPROJECT DOCUMENT OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE
PROJECT DOCUMENT OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE
G.Ajith Kumar
 

What's hot (20)

use of waste plastics for road construction
use of waste plastics for road constructionuse of waste plastics for road construction
use of waste plastics for road construction
 
ROAD CONSTRUCTION(BITUMEN) SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
ROAD CONSTRUCTION(BITUMEN) SUMMER TRAINING REPORTROAD CONSTRUCTION(BITUMEN) SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
ROAD CONSTRUCTION(BITUMEN) SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
 
Plastic as a soil stabilizer
Plastic as a soil stabilizerPlastic as a soil stabilizer
Plastic as a soil stabilizer
 
Industrial Training Report of Construction Site in Civil Engineering
Industrial Training Report of Construction Site in Civil EngineeringIndustrial Training Report of Construction Site in Civil Engineering
Industrial Training Report of Construction Site in Civil Engineering
 
Waste Plastic Road
Waste Plastic RoadWaste Plastic Road
Waste Plastic Road
 
Plastic road Technology in India Presentation
Plastic road Technology in India Presentation Plastic road Technology in India Presentation
Plastic road Technology in India Presentation
 
Project report file on construction of flexible pavement by Harshit Prakash Garg
Project report file on construction of flexible pavement by Harshit Prakash GargProject report file on construction of flexible pavement by Harshit Prakash Garg
Project report file on construction of flexible pavement by Harshit Prakash Garg
 
Analysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.Pro
Analysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.ProAnalysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.Pro
Analysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.Pro
 
Utilization of Plastics in Roads
Utilization of Plastics in RoadsUtilization of Plastics in Roads
Utilization of Plastics in Roads
 
REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING AT PWD(FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS CONSTRUCTION)
REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING AT PWD(FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS CONSTRUCTION)REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING AT PWD(FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS CONSTRUCTION)
REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING AT PWD(FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS CONSTRUCTION)
 
Training report of road construction
Training report of road constructionTraining report of road construction
Training report of road construction
 
Geotextiles in pavement
Geotextiles in pavementGeotextiles in pavement
Geotextiles in pavement
 
soil stabilization using waste finber by RAJ S PYARA
soil stabilization using waste finber by RAJ S PYARAsoil stabilization using waste finber by RAJ S PYARA
soil stabilization using waste finber by RAJ S PYARA
 
Industrial training report of construction of the residential building
Industrial training report of construction of the residential buildingIndustrial training report of construction of the residential building
Industrial training report of construction of the residential building
 
Summer Training Report On Bituminous (Asphalt) Road
Summer Training Report On Bituminous (Asphalt) RoadSummer Training Report On Bituminous (Asphalt) Road
Summer Training Report On Bituminous (Asphalt) Road
 
Green concrete
Green concreteGreen concrete
Green concrete
 
Unit 4
Unit 4Unit 4
Unit 4
 
Plastic roads
Plastic roadsPlastic roads
Plastic roads
 
Plastic Roads
Plastic RoadsPlastic Roads
Plastic Roads
 
PROJECT DOCUMENT OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE
PROJECT DOCUMENT OF PERVIOUS CONCRETEPROJECT DOCUMENT OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE
PROJECT DOCUMENT OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE
 

Similar to Plastic roads report

Brochure July 2023.docx
Brochure July 2023.docxBrochure July 2023.docx
Brochure July 2023.docx
ssuserb5cff6
 
QISCET PROJECT REPORT
QISCET PROJECT REPORTQISCET PROJECT REPORT
QISCET PROJECT REPORT
Ram Prasad
 
Icracm 2019
Icracm 2019Icracm 2019
Front
FrontFront
for p[roceeding PowerPoint Presentation.pdf
for p[roceeding PowerPoint Presentation.pdffor p[roceeding PowerPoint Presentation.pdf
for p[roceeding PowerPoint Presentation.pdf
sunil353387
 
FDP Additive Manufacturing
FDP Additive ManufacturingFDP Additive Manufacturing
FDP Additive Manufacturing
DrJeyasimmanDuraisam
 
Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation ...
Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation ...Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation ...
Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation ...
PChakravarthyMECH
 
ICAMT 4.O - InvitationICAMT 4.O - Invitation ICAMT 4.O - Invitation
ICAMT 4.O - InvitationICAMT 4.O - Invitation ICAMT 4.O - InvitationICAMT 4.O - InvitationICAMT 4.O - Invitation ICAMT 4.O - Invitation
ICAMT 4.O - InvitationICAMT 4.O - Invitation ICAMT 4.O - Invitation
PChakravarthyMECH
 
brouchermodhhgjjgfhvffghhhgffffffhhhhgfffffddff
brouchermodhhgjjgfhvffghhhgffffffhhhhgfffffddffbrouchermodhhgjjgfhvffghhhgffffffhhhhgfffffddff
brouchermodhhgjjgfhvffghhhgffffffhhhhgfffffddff
Srirajarajan Paramasivam
 
Advances in Gyroscope Technologies
Advances in Gyroscope TechnologiesAdvances in Gyroscope Technologies
Advances in Gyroscope TechnologiesPruthviraj A
 
Trinity Daily March 15, 2018
Trinity Daily March 15, 2018Trinity Daily March 15, 2018
Trinity Daily March 15, 2018
Arun Surendran
 
Devices for vibration isolation
Devices for vibration isolationDevices for vibration isolation
Devices for vibration isolation
Pruthviraj A
 
automatic four way hacksaw cutting machine
automatic four way hacksaw cutting machineautomatic four way hacksaw cutting machine
automatic four way hacksaw cutting machine
satyendra singh
 
seminarrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr...
seminarrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr...seminarrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr...
seminarrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr...
YogeshBadiger
 
Surge current protection Seminar Report
Surge current protection Seminar ReportSurge current protection Seminar Report
Surge current protection Seminar Report
Lakshminarayan Solanki
 
Transonic Combustion Seminar Report
Transonic Combustion Seminar ReportTransonic Combustion Seminar Report
Transonic Combustion Seminar Report
Shrichandra Joshi
 

Similar to Plastic roads report (20)

Brochure July 2023.docx
Brochure July 2023.docxBrochure July 2023.docx
Brochure July 2023.docx
 
QISCET PROJECT REPORT
QISCET PROJECT REPORTQISCET PROJECT REPORT
QISCET PROJECT REPORT
 
Icracm 2019
Icracm 2019Icracm 2019
Icracm 2019
 
Front
FrontFront
Front
 
for p[roceeding PowerPoint Presentation.pdf
for p[roceeding PowerPoint Presentation.pdffor p[roceeding PowerPoint Presentation.pdf
for p[roceeding PowerPoint Presentation.pdf
 
FDP Additive Manufacturing
FDP Additive ManufacturingFDP Additive Manufacturing
FDP Additive Manufacturing
 
Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation ...
Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation ...Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation ...
Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation Invitation ...
 
ICAMT 4.O - InvitationICAMT 4.O - Invitation ICAMT 4.O - Invitation
ICAMT 4.O - InvitationICAMT 4.O - Invitation ICAMT 4.O - InvitationICAMT 4.O - InvitationICAMT 4.O - Invitation ICAMT 4.O - Invitation
ICAMT 4.O - InvitationICAMT 4.O - Invitation ICAMT 4.O - Invitation
 
brouchermodhhgjjgfhvffghhhgffffffhhhhgfffffddff
brouchermodhhgjjgfhvffghhhgffffffhhhhgfffffddffbrouchermodhhgjjgfhvffghhhgffffffhhhhgfffffddff
brouchermodhhgjjgfhvffghhhgffffffhhhhgfffffddff
 
Advances in Gyroscope Technologies
Advances in Gyroscope TechnologiesAdvances in Gyroscope Technologies
Advances in Gyroscope Technologies
 
Trinity Daily March 15, 2018
Trinity Daily March 15, 2018Trinity Daily March 15, 2018
Trinity Daily March 15, 2018
 
Devices for vibration isolation
Devices for vibration isolationDevices for vibration isolation
Devices for vibration isolation
 
automatic four way hacksaw cutting machine
automatic four way hacksaw cutting machineautomatic four way hacksaw cutting machine
automatic four way hacksaw cutting machine
 
individual project dissertation
individual project dissertationindividual project dissertation
individual project dissertation
 
tl
tltl
tl
 
chemist cv
chemist cvchemist cv
chemist cv
 
seminarrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr...
seminarrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr...seminarrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr...
seminarrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr...
 
Surge current protection Seminar Report
Surge current protection Seminar ReportSurge current protection Seminar Report
Surge current protection Seminar Report
 
Transonic Combustion Seminar Report
Transonic Combustion Seminar ReportTransonic Combustion Seminar Report
Transonic Combustion Seminar Report
 
SUDHIR-cv
SUDHIR-cvSUDHIR-cv
SUDHIR-cv
 

Recently uploaded

CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxCFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
R&R Consult
 
road safety engineering r s e unit 3.pdf
road safety engineering  r s e unit 3.pdfroad safety engineering  r s e unit 3.pdf
road safety engineering r s e unit 3.pdf
VENKATESHvenky89705
 
DESIGN A COTTON SEED SEPARATION MACHINE.docx
DESIGN A COTTON SEED SEPARATION MACHINE.docxDESIGN A COTTON SEED SEPARATION MACHINE.docx
DESIGN A COTTON SEED SEPARATION MACHINE.docx
FluxPrime1
 
J.Yang, ICLR 2024, MLILAB, KAIST AI.pdf
J.Yang,  ICLR 2024, MLILAB, KAIST AI.pdfJ.Yang,  ICLR 2024, MLILAB, KAIST AI.pdf
J.Yang, ICLR 2024, MLILAB, KAIST AI.pdf
MLILAB
 
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdf
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfFinal project report on grocery store management system..pdf
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdf
Kamal Acharya
 
AKS UNIVERSITY Satna Final Year Project By OM Hardaha.pdf
AKS UNIVERSITY Satna Final Year Project By OM Hardaha.pdfAKS UNIVERSITY Satna Final Year Project By OM Hardaha.pdf
AKS UNIVERSITY Satna Final Year Project By OM Hardaha.pdf
SamSarthak3
 
Student information management system project report ii.pdf
Student information management system project report ii.pdfStudent information management system project report ii.pdf
Student information management system project report ii.pdf
Kamal Acharya
 
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary AttacksImmunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
gerogepatton
 
CME397 Surface Engineering- Professional Elective
CME397 Surface Engineering- Professional ElectiveCME397 Surface Engineering- Professional Elective
CME397 Surface Engineering- Professional Elective
karthi keyan
 
ethical hacking-mobile hacking methods.ppt
ethical hacking-mobile hacking methods.pptethical hacking-mobile hacking methods.ppt
ethical hacking-mobile hacking methods.ppt
Jayaprasanna4
 
Architectural Portfolio Sean Lockwood
Architectural Portfolio Sean LockwoodArchitectural Portfolio Sean Lockwood
Architectural Portfolio Sean Lockwood
seandesed
 
power quality voltage fluctuation UNIT - I.pptx
power quality voltage fluctuation UNIT - I.pptxpower quality voltage fluctuation UNIT - I.pptx
power quality voltage fluctuation UNIT - I.pptx
ViniHema
 
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella Parts
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsForklift Classes Overview by Intella Parts
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella Parts
Intella Parts
 
Courier management system project report.pdf
Courier management system project report.pdfCourier management system project report.pdf
Courier management system project report.pdf
Kamal Acharya
 
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&BDesign and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
Sreedhar Chowdam
 
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.
PrashantGoswami42
 
HYDROPOWER - Hydroelectric power generation
HYDROPOWER - Hydroelectric power generationHYDROPOWER - Hydroelectric power generation
HYDROPOWER - Hydroelectric power generation
Robbie Edward Sayers
 
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdf
Event Management System Vb Net  Project Report.pdfEvent Management System Vb Net  Project Report.pdf
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdf
Kamal Acharya
 
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Arya
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek AryaDemocratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Arya
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Arya
abh.arya
 
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdf
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfVaccine management system project report documentation..pdf
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdf
Kamal Acharya
 

Recently uploaded (20)

CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxCFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
 
road safety engineering r s e unit 3.pdf
road safety engineering  r s e unit 3.pdfroad safety engineering  r s e unit 3.pdf
road safety engineering r s e unit 3.pdf
 
DESIGN A COTTON SEED SEPARATION MACHINE.docx
DESIGN A COTTON SEED SEPARATION MACHINE.docxDESIGN A COTTON SEED SEPARATION MACHINE.docx
DESIGN A COTTON SEED SEPARATION MACHINE.docx
 
J.Yang, ICLR 2024, MLILAB, KAIST AI.pdf
J.Yang,  ICLR 2024, MLILAB, KAIST AI.pdfJ.Yang,  ICLR 2024, MLILAB, KAIST AI.pdf
J.Yang, ICLR 2024, MLILAB, KAIST AI.pdf
 
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdf
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfFinal project report on grocery store management system..pdf
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdf
 
AKS UNIVERSITY Satna Final Year Project By OM Hardaha.pdf
AKS UNIVERSITY Satna Final Year Project By OM Hardaha.pdfAKS UNIVERSITY Satna Final Year Project By OM Hardaha.pdf
AKS UNIVERSITY Satna Final Year Project By OM Hardaha.pdf
 
Student information management system project report ii.pdf
Student information management system project report ii.pdfStudent information management system project report ii.pdf
Student information management system project report ii.pdf
 
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary AttacksImmunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
 
CME397 Surface Engineering- Professional Elective
CME397 Surface Engineering- Professional ElectiveCME397 Surface Engineering- Professional Elective
CME397 Surface Engineering- Professional Elective
 
ethical hacking-mobile hacking methods.ppt
ethical hacking-mobile hacking methods.pptethical hacking-mobile hacking methods.ppt
ethical hacking-mobile hacking methods.ppt
 
Architectural Portfolio Sean Lockwood
Architectural Portfolio Sean LockwoodArchitectural Portfolio Sean Lockwood
Architectural Portfolio Sean Lockwood
 
power quality voltage fluctuation UNIT - I.pptx
power quality voltage fluctuation UNIT - I.pptxpower quality voltage fluctuation UNIT - I.pptx
power quality voltage fluctuation UNIT - I.pptx
 
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella Parts
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsForklift Classes Overview by Intella Parts
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella Parts
 
Courier management system project report.pdf
Courier management system project report.pdfCourier management system project report.pdf
Courier management system project report.pdf
 
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&BDesign and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
 
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.
 
HYDROPOWER - Hydroelectric power generation
HYDROPOWER - Hydroelectric power generationHYDROPOWER - Hydroelectric power generation
HYDROPOWER - Hydroelectric power generation
 
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdf
Event Management System Vb Net  Project Report.pdfEvent Management System Vb Net  Project Report.pdf
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdf
 
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Arya
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek AryaDemocratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Arya
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Arya
 
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdf
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfVaccine management system project report documentation..pdf
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdf
 

Plastic roads report