The document discusses the production and analysis of bricks made from waste plastic and fine aggregates. The methodology describes collecting waste plastic, melting it and mixing it with sand in various ratios. The bricks produced are then tested for compressive strength and water absorption. Plastic bricks provide benefits such as being lighter weight, cheaper to produce, and having less water absorption compared to traditional clay bricks. Using waste plastic to make bricks provides an environmentally friendly way of reusing plastic waste.

1. SEMINAR TITLE FONT SIZE 16
SEMINAR REPORT
specialization in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Submitted By:
ANKUR EKANSH KANIK KAUSHALENDRA KESHAV
00515607920 0111560792002115607920 02315607920 02415607920
Guided By:
Mr.UJJWAL SHARMA
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering

2. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Dr. AKHILESH DAS GUPTA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &
MANAGEMENT (FORMERLY NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING
COLLEGE)
(AFFILIATED TO GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA
UNIVERSITY, DELHI) SHASTRI PARK, DELHI – 110053
DECEMBER 2021

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT………………………...………………………………………………..ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………..iii
TABLE of CONTENTS...…………………………………………….....iv

4. CHAPTER-1:
INTRODUCTION…………………………...……………………………1-2
Introduction…………………………………….……………………………….1
Objective of Study…………………………….………………………….……..2
CHAPTER-2: LITERATURE
REVIEW…………………….…………………………..3-4
2.1 Literature
Review……………………………….………………….…………..3
CHAPTER-3: METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER-4
RESULT&DISCUSSIONS…………………………………………...7-15
CHAPTER-5:
CONCLUSIONS…………………………….……………………………..1

6. ABSTRACT
Plastic waste which is increasingday by day becomes eyesore
and in turn pollutes the environment, especially in high
mountain villages where no garbage collection system exists.
A large amount of plastic is being brought into the tourist
trekking regions are discarded or burned which leads to the
contamination of environment and air. Hence, these waste
plastics are to be effectively utilized. Low-density
polyethylene bags are cleaned and added with sand at
particular percentages to obtain high strength bricks that
possess thermal and sound insulation properties to control
pollution and to reduce the overall cost of construction; this is
one of the best ways to avoid the accumulation of plastic
waste which is an on-degradable pollutant. This alternatively
saves the quantity of sand/clay that has to be taken away
from the precious river beds/mines.The plastic waste is
naturally available in surplus quantity and hence the cost
factor comes down. Also coloring agents can be added to the
mixture to attain desired shades.
Hence in this thesis, an attempt is made to study regard the
properties of the brick which is manufactured using plastic
wastes. The present work deals with the manufacturingand
analysis of bricks made with waste plastic (LDPE) and fine
aggregates. The bricks produced are light weight, have

7. smooth surface and fine edges, do not have cracks and have
high crushing strength and very low water absorption.The
bricks are manufactured by heating waste plastic to
temperature range of 120 to 150 degree centigrade and
mixing sand to the molten plastic.

8. CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Plastic is the very hazardousmaterial and very difficult to
decompose it is main problem in the world. Use of plastic is
high in our daily life such as polythene bags, disposals,
furniture’s, packing food packets and other accessories. Plastic
is vary in large and varioustypes according to their chemical
composition.So, to separationof plastic wastes and mainly big
problem in front of us. Nowadays, In the world plastic
deposited by burning procedure. They emit large amount of
hazardousand toxic gases.These gases effect on the human
health and also living animals. Human suffers by the toxic gases
such as cancer, high blood pressure, Asthma.etc We are not
completely able to stop the use of plastic but we are able to
recycle and reuse it by many ways and minimum effect on
environment.. In construction industry, larger cost of project is
includein materialsup to 60% to 70% of the total cost of the
project. So, construction industry large amount of bricks are
used and they availableinvarious forms such as clay bricks,
concrete bricks, fly ash bricks and foam bricks. In this project,
we try to use wastes plastic to manufacture the bricks and
increase the strength and achieve economy so the people can
easily afford this type of bricks.

9. CRITICAL REVIEW ON TYPES OF BRICKS TYPE 14:
PLASTIC SAND BRICKS : 1)MANISH KUMAR SAHU, 2)LOKESH
SINGH: Volume- 5, Issue-11, Nov.-2017):- Brick is one of the
most common masonry units used as buildingmaterial.Due to
the demand, different types of waste have been investigated to
be incorporatedinto the bricks. There has been a considerable
imbalancebetween the availabilityof conventionalbuilding
materialsand theirdemand in the recent past. On the other
hand the plastic waste is abundantlyavailableand the disposal
of waste plasticsis a biggest challenge, as repeated recycling of
PET bottles poses a potentialdanger of being transformed to a
toxic material and only a small proportionof plastic wastes are
being recycled. Because of costly conventionalrecycling
techniques, there has been an increased demand for more
scientific and innovativetechnologiesto effectively recycle
these materials. Thispaper dealswith recycling and
manufacturing process, materialsused as well as the testing
method of plastic sand bricks.

10. PRESENT SCENARIO OF WASTE GENERATION IN INDIA:
Growth of population hasincreased our urbanizationas a result
rising standard of livingdue to technologicalinnovationshave
contributed to an increase both in the quantityand variety of
solid wastes generated by industrial,agriculturalactivities,
mining and domestic. Globallythe estimated quantityof wastes
generation was 12 billiontones in the year 2002 of which 11
billiontones were industrialwastes and 1.6 billiontones were
municipalsolid wastes (MSW). About 19 billiontonsof solid
wastes are expected to be generated annually by the year 2020.
Annually,Asia alone generates 4.4 billiontons of solid wastes
and MSW comprise 795 milliontons of which about 48 (6%) MT
are generated in India.MSW generation in India, is expected to
reach 300 Milliontones and land requirement for disposalof
this waste would be 169.6 km2 as against which only 20.2 km2
were occupiedin1997 for management of 48 Milliontones. As
it is studied that apart from municipalwastes, the organic
wastes from agriculturalsources alone contribute more than
350 milliontons per year. However, it is reported that about
600 milliontons of wastes have been generated in India from
agriculturalsources alone. The Quantity of wastes generated
from agriculturalsources are sugarcane baggage, paddy and
wheat straw and husk, wastes of vegetables, food products, tea,
oil production,wooden mill waste, coconut husk, jute fiber,
groundnut shell, cotton stalk etc. In the industrial sector

11. inorganic solid waste could are coal combustion residues,
bauxite red mud, tailingsfrom aluminum,iron, copper and zinc
primary extraction processes. Generation of all these inorganic
industrialwastes in Indiais estimated to be 290 millionTons
per annum. In India, 4.5 milliontons of hazardouswastesare
being generated annuallyduring different industrialprocess like
electroplating,variousmetal
MATERAIL :
1.SAND
Common River Having specific gravity of 2.56 and Fineness
Modulus2.850
2.LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLINE
When exposed to ambient solar radiationthe plastic procedure
two greenhouse gases, methane and ethylene. Due to its
lowdensity properties (branching) it breaks down more easily
over time, leading to higher surface areas. The supply of glasses
shall be
of diagonalgases from virgin LDPE increase with surface area or
time, with rates at the end of a 212day incubationof 5.8 nmol
g1 d-1 of methane, 14.5 nmol g-1 d-1 of ethylene, 3.9 nmol g-1
d1 of ethane and 9.7 nmol g-1 d-1 of propylene. In case of air it
was

12. incubated,LDPE releases gases in air by ~2 times and ~76 times
higher in comparison to water for methane and ethylene,
respectively.

13. METHODOLOGY
1. Collectionof Materials.
2. Batching.
3. Melting.
4. Mixing.
5. Moulding.
6. Curing.
Collection of Plastic Materials
The plastic material should be collected from the factories
waste and hospitalwaste and industries waste and also food
packages and plastic bottles this will come under the LDPE
plastic type
Batching of plastic
Measurement of materialsfor making brick is called batching.
After collectionof materialswe separate the types of plastic
and remove any other waste presented in the collected
material and check that any water content in in sample
collected ten proceed for burning.
Burning of waste plastic
After completionbatching the plastic waste was taken for
burning in which the plastic bags are drop one by one into the

14. container and allowedto melt. These would be done in closed
vessel because to prevent the toxic gases released into
atmosphere. These will be at the temperature of 120-150
degrees centigrade.
Mixing
Mixing of materialsis essential for the productionof uniform
and strength for brick. The mixing has to be ensuring that the
mass becomes homogeneous, uniform in colorand consistency.
Generally, there are two types of mixing, Hand mixing and
mechanicalmixing. In this project, we adoptedhand mixing.
Until the entire plastic content required for making plastic brick
of one mix proportionis added into it. Then these plastic liquids
thoroughly mixed by using trowel before it hardens. The
mixture has very short setting bags are turned to molten state;
the river sand is added to it. The sand addedis mixed time.
Hence mixing process should not consume more time.
Moulding
After completionof proper mixing we place mix into required
mould. In these projects we use the normal brick sizes (19x9x9
cm). After 2 days remove the brick from the mould and then
done curing.

15. Curing
The test specimens after moulding were allowedto dry for a
period of 24 hours. The specimens were kept in curing tank and
allowedto cure for a period of 28 day
MOULD OF PLASTIC BRICK

16. TESTING OF SPECIMEN
Compressive Strength Test:
This test is done to know the compressive strength of brick. It is
also called the crushing strength of brick. Generally, 3
specimens of bricks are taken to laboratoryfor the testing and
tested one by one. In this test, a brick specimen is put on
compressive strength is put on Compressive Strength testing
machine and appliedpressure at a constant arte till it breaks.
The ultimatepressure at which brick is crushed is taken into
account. All three brick specimens are tested one by one and
average result is taken as bricks compressive/crushing strength.
The Compressive Strength of the brick is calculatedby the
formula = (max loadtaken before failure/ Area of the Brick
surface) N/mm2.
Mix ratio 1:3 1:4 1:5
For 1 brick
(gram)
1000:3000 800:3200 670:3350
For 4 brick
(gram)
4000:12000 4000:16000 2880:13000

17. Water Absorption Test:
In this the bricks first weighted in dry conditionand they are
immersed in water for 24 hours. After that they are taken out
from water and they are wiping out with cloth. Then the
difference between the dry and wet bricks percentage are
calculated.They weight of the three plastic bricks has been
taken and then the average weight of the bricks is calculated.
Mix
ratio
COMPOSITION Water absorption
(%)
1 1:3 0.935
2 1:4 0.727
3 1:5 1.033

18. Advantages of plastic brick
The main advantageof eco-bricks is that they take
something that would have had a detrimentaleffect on
the environment and turn it into something that helps
local communities, like flyash.
It can be moulded into many shapes
It hasvery less water absorptionhence provides better
resistance to damage by freezing.
These are cheaper to manufacture.

19. CONCLUSION
On the basis of the results obtained,it can be concludedthat:
I. Plastic bricks can a very good alternativeof traditional
earthen bricks.
II. Plastic bricks can be used for partitionwalls and exterior
walls; however they must not be used in loadbearing
walls.
III. Cost of manufacturing per unit plastic brick is
significantlylower than traditional earthenbricks, hence
they are cheaper alternative.
IV. Plastic bricks are water resistant, hence can be used in
underwater structures.
V. Re using plastic will reduce environmentalpollution.