- Plastic roads use plastic waste like bags, cups and bottles that are collected from dumps and mixed with hot bitumen. This mixture is laid on the road surface like normal tar roads.
- Laboratory studies found that adding waste plastic to bituminous mixes enhances the properties of the mix and improves binding. This provides a solution for plastic disposal while increasing the quality of road construction.
- The use of waste plastics in road construction provides benefits like increased strength and load capacity of roads, reduced maintenance needs, and environmental benefits of reusing non-biodegradable plastic waste.
Construction and demolition waste recyclingAnand Vallala
Now a days as the construction is increasing the demolition waste from the buildings is also increasing. We have to increase the usage of waste materials and to help for the future generation.
Construction activities generate millions of tonnes of Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste materials each year. These materials contain a lot of reusable materials. If not properly managed, they will become wastes, a burden to the society, which will be extremely expensive to handle and will occupy precious landfill space.
Now even for small projects it has been made mandatory to use Ready mix concrete or compulsory use of Batching plant. However, except for large projects and some industrial projects, Demolition of structures is not yet mechanised. This waste is also affects the air, noise pollution in the form of releasing dust and noise respectively.
Recycling can turn the waste materials into usable products, which can help conserve our natural resources for our next generations and for the sustainable development of the society. In the recent years, C&D waste management issues have attracted the attention from researches around the world.
The ultimate aim is to create the awareness among the Civil Engineers is to do the research on this topic and to reuse these materials.
Main points of this PPT:
• An overview of the concept on Waste management.
• Brief description on “Recycled Concrete Aggregates”.
• Waste reduction and Reuse.
• Demolition techniques.
• Use of proper Waste Management plan.
Construction and demolition waste recyclingAnand Vallala
Now a days as the construction is increasing the demolition waste from the buildings is also increasing. We have to increase the usage of waste materials and to help for the future generation.
Construction activities generate millions of tonnes of Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste materials each year. These materials contain a lot of reusable materials. If not properly managed, they will become wastes, a burden to the society, which will be extremely expensive to handle and will occupy precious landfill space.
Now even for small projects it has been made mandatory to use Ready mix concrete or compulsory use of Batching plant. However, except for large projects and some industrial projects, Demolition of structures is not yet mechanised. This waste is also affects the air, noise pollution in the form of releasing dust and noise respectively.
Recycling can turn the waste materials into usable products, which can help conserve our natural resources for our next generations and for the sustainable development of the society. In the recent years, C&D waste management issues have attracted the attention from researches around the world.
The ultimate aim is to create the awareness among the Civil Engineers is to do the research on this topic and to reuse these materials.
Main points of this PPT:
• An overview of the concept on Waste management.
• Brief description on “Recycled Concrete Aggregates”.
• Waste reduction and Reuse.
• Demolition techniques.
• Use of proper Waste Management plan.
A plastic road presentation is made by Anoop Chhapola .
in this ppt what is plastiv road , How to use of plastic waste material , Construction of plastic waste material road , Example of JUSCO in Jamshedpur etc Important task are include in .
Bagasse ash as a partial replacement to cement. This replacement can improve the properties of cement as well as, it reduces the effects over the environment.
The high cost of materials for anyconventional
building is a major factor that affects the housing delivery
worldwide. This has necessitated research for alternative cost
effective materials in construction. The paper aims at analyzing
characteristic compressive and tensile strength of coconut shells
of concrete produced. By partial replacement using crushed,
granular coconut shells as a substitute for conventional coarse
aggregate in M20 grade concrete. The cube and cylinder are
casted, tested then physical and mechanical properties are
determined. In this studies, three different concrete mixes with
different the combination of natural material content namely
0%, 25%, 50%. Three samples specimen will be prepare for each
concrete mixes. The parameters will be tested are compressive
strength, tensile strength.
This paper analyzed an investigation on the behavior of
concrete specimens produce from coconut shell aggregate. A total
of 36 specimens with varying percentage of replacement were
casted and tested. The attempt is made to prove in all respect the
serviceability and durability, experimental study is satisfying and
can be implemented in rural areas by considering all technical
aspect
Cold Mix Asphalt Technology (DPWH Item 308 & 304-A) is a cost effective material and better alternative to existing gravel roads (Barangay & Farm-to-Market Roads) in the countryside and also for preventive maintenance of existing paved roads.
Air pollution by brick kiln is mainly because of using outdated technologies which are energy intensive and highly polluting. To mitigate this problem, the adaptation of modern clean technology is obvious. Because of eco-friendly nature, this technology is popularly known as ‘Green Brick Technology. Due to energy insufficiency, environmental pollution, and less production; existing brick technologies should have to be upgraded or replaced to keep pace with rising demand.
In that case, the adaptation of green brick technology is the only one rightful choice to abate air pollution and to ensure sustainable brick production.
A plastic road presentation is made by Anoop Chhapola .
in this ppt what is plastiv road , How to use of plastic waste material , Construction of plastic waste material road , Example of JUSCO in Jamshedpur etc Important task are include in .
Bagasse ash as a partial replacement to cement. This replacement can improve the properties of cement as well as, it reduces the effects over the environment.
The high cost of materials for anyconventional
building is a major factor that affects the housing delivery
worldwide. This has necessitated research for alternative cost
effective materials in construction. The paper aims at analyzing
characteristic compressive and tensile strength of coconut shells
of concrete produced. By partial replacement using crushed,
granular coconut shells as a substitute for conventional coarse
aggregate in M20 grade concrete. The cube and cylinder are
casted, tested then physical and mechanical properties are
determined. In this studies, three different concrete mixes with
different the combination of natural material content namely
0%, 25%, 50%. Three samples specimen will be prepare for each
concrete mixes. The parameters will be tested are compressive
strength, tensile strength.
This paper analyzed an investigation on the behavior of
concrete specimens produce from coconut shell aggregate. A total
of 36 specimens with varying percentage of replacement were
casted and tested. The attempt is made to prove in all respect the
serviceability and durability, experimental study is satisfying and
can be implemented in rural areas by considering all technical
aspect
Cold Mix Asphalt Technology (DPWH Item 308 & 304-A) is a cost effective material and better alternative to existing gravel roads (Barangay & Farm-to-Market Roads) in the countryside and also for preventive maintenance of existing paved roads.
Air pollution by brick kiln is mainly because of using outdated technologies which are energy intensive and highly polluting. To mitigate this problem, the adaptation of modern clean technology is obvious. Because of eco-friendly nature, this technology is popularly known as ‘Green Brick Technology. Due to energy insufficiency, environmental pollution, and less production; existing brick technologies should have to be upgraded or replaced to keep pace with rising demand.
In that case, the adaptation of green brick technology is the only one rightful choice to abate air pollution and to ensure sustainable brick production.
Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) for Road ConstructionJOMSON MATHACHAN
Bitumen is a by-product of fractional distillation of crude oil.
Current world consumption of bitumen is approximately 120 million tons per year.
In India, flexible pavements with bituminous surfacing are widely used.
Rapid development, exponential increase in traffic, and significant variations in daily and seasonal temperatures have shown some limitations in bitumen binder performance.
Present Reservation system have some fault and against of constitution and 5 yug is completed,hence new model of reservation is essential.We have to implement in 2017.
A CHALLENGE OF GOVT AND DOUBT ON GOVT WHY GOVT DELAYING TO TAKE ACTION.WHILE IT IS VERY ESSENTIAL TO FILL THE CASH.WE ARE EXPECTING 100LAKH CRORES MONEY IN CASH IS KEPT IN ROOM,MOSTLY OF LEADER.
To save cow and OX we have to stop the production of tractor .First to stop the production of tractor and farming by OX should be trained by 3 month short duration course.People will purchase the OX for farming and more farmer will get work.It will reduce the cost of production,fertility of soil will increase.joint family will become stronger.people will get job in village to easily survive.As OX will become again part of economy ,people will forget to sell the OX to market to kill them for eating
Creation of Smart City is the part of a valuable jouney.
We will request our friends to understand the basics to regulate the smart city .We will request to must read and pass on to understand the other regarding smart city
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered Quality
Plastic road by kjanand
1. PLASTIC ROAD
-K.J.ANAND
• Plastic roads mainly use plastic carry bags, disposable cups and bottles
that are collected from garbage dumps as an important ingredient of the
construction material. When mixed with hot bitumen, plastics melt to
form an oily coat over the aggregate and the mixture is laid on the road
surface like a normal tar road.
Disposal of waste plastic is a major problem .It is nonbiodegradable & It mainly consists of low-density polyethylene . Burning of
these waste plastic bags causes environmental pollution. To find its utility in bituminous mixes for road construction , Laboratory
performance studies were conducted on bituminous mixes . Laboratory studies proved that waste plastic enhances the property
of the mix . Improvement in properties of bituminous mix provides the solution for disposal in an useful way
2. BASIC
What is plastic?
• A material that contains one or more organic polymers of large molecular weight, solid in its
finished state and at some state while manufacturing or processing into finished articles, can
be shaped by its flow.
Types of Plastics
• 1.Thermosets.
• 2.Elastomers.
• 3.Thermoplastics.
Specifications for Waste Plastic
• The following types of waste plastic can be used in the construction
• of rural roads:
• • Films (Carry bags, Cups) thickness up to 60micron,Polyethylene(PE),Polypropylene(PP) and
Polystyrene(PS)
• • Hard foams (PS) any thickness
• • Soft foams (PE and PP) any thickness
• • Laminated plastics thickness up to 60micron (Aluminum coated also)
• packing materials used for biscuits, chocolates, etc.
3. NEED OF STUDY
1)Disposal of waste plastic is a major problem.
Waste Plastic dumped on roads
2) It is non-biodegradable.
3) It mainly consists of low-density polyethylene.
4. 4) Tofind its utility in bituminous mixesforroad
construction.
5) Burning of these waste plastic bagscauses
environmental pollution.
6) Laboratory performance studies were conductedon
bituminous mixes.
7) studies proved that waste plastic enhancestheproperty of the
mix.
8) Improvement in properties of bituminousmix provides the
solution for disposal inanuseful way.
5. AGGREGATE:-
Aggregate of 20mm, 10 mm.
Stone Dust and Lime as Filler
BITUMEN:-
60/70,80/100grade bitumen.
WASTE PLASTIC:-
Waste plastic in the shredded form.(PVC is not
Used)
6. Step 1-: Plastics waste (bags ,cups , bottles ) made out of PE,PPand PScut into a
size between 2.36mm and 4.75mm using shredding machine.
Step 2-:
The aggregate mix is heated to 165°c (as per the HRSspecification) and
transferred to mixing chamber. Amount of plastic to be added is @8%of bitumen.
7. STEP 3-:
Similarly the bitumen is to be heated up to a maximum of 160°c (HRS Specification) to have
good binding and to prevent weak bonding. (Monitoring the temperatureis very important).
Step 4-: At the mixing chamber, the shredded plastics waste is to be added. It
get coated uniformly over the aggregate within 30 to 60 seconds, giving an oily
look.
8. Step5-:
• Theplasticswaste coated aggregate is mixed with got bitumen and the resulted mix is usedforroad
construction. Theroller usedis 8-toncapacity.
• Step 6-: Theroad laying temperature is between 110°c to 120 °c.And the rollers are usedhave
capacity 8- ton generally.
10. CASE STUDY-BITUMINOUS MIX DESIGN WITH PLASTIC,GGBS
• BASICS
• Bituminous Mix design is Combination of Aggregate,
bitumin,filler(Cement,GGBS,Lime),
• Shreded plastic and Bitu-grip is few material is required to mix to increse
the life of Mix and increase the affinity of coating of aggregate.
• MS-2,IS-8887 ,IRC:SP:81-2008 and Specification of Ministry of Road and
Transportation is used for design.
• GGBS-Graded Granular Blast furnace slag.
11. Fieldtrials
• Therearetwo type of fieldtrials-:
• 1.DRY PROCESS 2. WETPROCESS
• 1.DRYPROCESS-:
Theaggregateisheatedto 170°Cin the Mini hotMix Plant.
Heatedaggregates
Theshredded plasticwasteisaddedin equalproportion.
Addingshredded plastic.
• 2.WetProcess-:
Wasteplasticsbydirect mixingwith hot bitumen at160°C.
Mechanicalstirrer isneeded.
Addition of stabilizersandpropercooling.
Sincethe wet processrequire alot of investment andbiggerplants.
Not commonlyused.
12. MATERIALS
• 1.Aggregate-A.Black Basalt B. Granite with quartz mix(Basic material),90%
material is available of granite with quartz, while 10% materials of black
basalt in jamshedpur city.
• 2.Bitumin- VG30 is used for mix as a Binder.
• 3.Filler-(Cement,Lime)-To reduce the voids and increase the strength.
• 4.Other Materials
• A. Shreded plastic(Used to increase the Bonding property and to reduce
the binder content)
• B. Anti Stripping Agent(Bitu-grip) to increase the bonding property
between aggregate and Bitumin.
• C.GGBS –Used alternate of cement or lime as a filler materials.It is also a
use of waste of tata steel.
16. Stripping Value Test
Stripping value less if
Bitu-Grip AND
PLASTIC is not used.
No stripping if Bitu-grip
and plastic is used.
17. COMPARISON BETWEEN ORDINARY BITUMINOUS ROADS AND WASTE PLASTIC
BITUMINOUS ROADS:-
S.No. Properties Plastic Road OrdinaryRoad
1. MARSHALLSTABILITYVALUE MORE LESS
2. BINDINGPROPERTY BETTER GOOD
3. SOFTENINGPOINT LESS MORE
4. PENETRATIONVALUE MORE LESS
5. TENSILESTRENGTH HIGH LESS
6. RUTTING LESS MORE
7. STRIPPING(POTHOLES) NO MORE
8. SEEPAGEOFWATER NO YES
9 DURABILITYOFTHEROADS BETTER GOOD
18. RESULT SUMMARY
SUMMARY OF MIX DESIGN FOR BC,DBM ,BM AND MSS
Sr.no. Type of Mix
Thickness
for Design AGGREGATE
OBC/Residu
al Binder Plastic
Bitugrip/ad
ditives Water
Stability(KN
)
Standard(
KN)
Actual
Flow(mm)
Density(N/
mm2)
Designed
Flow(mm)
1BC- Grade-I (45-65)mm 20mm 10mm 6mm Cement GGBS
26% 32% 40% 2% 0%5% of mix 2% of mix 0.2% of mix 0 13.52 9 3.32.42 2 to 4
Alternative
2BC- Grade-I (45-65)mm 26% 32% 40% 0% 2%5% of mix 2% of mix 0.2% of mix 0 13.52 9 3.32.42 2 to 4
3BC-Grade-II (30-45)mm 0% 30% 68% 2% 0%5.6% of mix 2% of mix 0.2% of mix 0 13.676 9 2.452.34 2 to 4
Alternate
4BC-Grade-II (30-45)mm 0% 30% 68% 0% 2%5.6% of mix 2% of mix 0.2% of mix 0 9 2.34 2 to 4
5BM-Grade-II (50-75)mm 30% 50% 20% 0% 0%4% of mix 2% of mix 0.2% of mix 0 9
not
specified 3.22.35
not
specified
Alternative
6BM-Grade-II (50-75)mm 30% 50% 20% 0% 2%4% of mix 2% of mix 0.2% of mix 0 9
not
specified 3.22.35
not
specified
7DBM-Grade-II
more than
50mm 25% 33% 40% 2% 0%4.5% of mix 2% of mix 0.2% of mix 0 13.98 9 2.52.35 2 to 4
Alternative
8DBM-Grade-II
more than
50mm 25% 33% 40% 0% 2%4.5% of mix 2% of mix 0.2% of mix 0 13.98 9 2.52.35 2 to 4
9
MSS(Close graded
premix carpet) 20mm 0% 75% 23% 2% 0%4.1% of mix 2% of mix 0.2% of mix 0
not
specified 2.32
not
specified
Alternate
10
MSS(Close graded
premix carpet) 20mm 0% 75% 23% 0% 2%4.1% of mix 2% of mix 0.2% of mix 0
not
specified 2.32
not
specified
11
Microsurfacing(Gr
ade-III)
11.1-
16.3kg/m2 0% 70% 30% 0% 2%
6.5-12% of
aggregate
2% of
aggregate
0.5-2% of
aggregate 6-12%
not
specified
not
specified
Alternate
12
Microsurfacing(Gr
ade-III)
11.1-
16.3kg/m2 0% 70% 30% 2% 0%
6.5-12% of
aggregate
2% of
Aggregate
0.5-2% of
Aggregate 6-12%
not
specified
not
specified
13
Slurry Seal(Grade-
III)
10.1-
12kg/m2 0% 70% 30% 0% 2%
6.5-12% of
aggregate
2% of
Aggregate
0.5-2% of
Agreegate 6-12%
not
specified
not
specified
Alternate
14
Slurry Seal(Grade-
III)
10.1-
12kg/m2 0% 70% 30% 0% 2%
6.5-12% of
aggregate
2% of
Aggregate
0.5-2% of
aggregate 6-12%
not
specified
not
specified
19. NOTE
• 1.Bitugrip is used of M/S HINCOL
• 2. Source of stone chips - Hatha
• 3.Bitumen Grade- VG30
• 4.For Tack coat RS1(E:W::1:2),For Microsurfacing Modified Bitumen
Emulsion ,for slurry seal SS2 cationic Bitumen Emulsion is used.
• 4.PSC-Lafarze Cement or GGBS or OPC
• 5. In BC-II , no deleterious material or organic material or
overburden dust or clay mix is allowed.
• 6. This mix design should be calibrated in Hot mix plant before
implement and plant proportion should be prepared.
• 7.Plastic should be shreded Plastic.
20. Comparative Benefit
• 1.Bitu-grip is used to increase the Bonding property between aggregate
and bitumen.
• 2.Filler is used to reduce the void in Mix and to increase strength.
• 3.Shreded plastic is used in mix design it will help to reduce binder and re-
use of waste products to save Enviornment.
21. COST COMPARISION TO EXISTING
• 1. 0.6% quantity of bitumen is saved in BC-I.
• 2. 0.2%quantity of Bitu-grip is used.have saving in cost.
• 3.2% shreded plastic is under use reduced the percentage of
Bitumen from 5.6% to 5.0%
• 4.GGBS should be used in place of cement is also causes for
cost savings.
22. Calculations
Ex. If 100000sqm of 40mm BC is planned then there
QUANTITY
Item Qty. UOM Rate(Rs) Cost
BC-40mm 100000 sqm
Mix 9360000 kg
Bitumen(5.6) 524160 kg
Bitumen(5) 468000 kg
Savings 56160 kg 42 2358720
Cement 187200 kg
GGBS 187200 kg
Savings
Cost saving from
cement to GGBS 3 561600
Plastic 187200 kg
Bitugrip 18720 kg 225 4212000
23. Microsurfacing
Ex.If 200000sqm of Microsurfacing is planned then there
QUANTITY
Item Qty. UOM Rate(Rs) Cost
Microsurfacing 200000 sqm
Mix 3260000 kg
cement 65200 kg
GGBS 65200 kg
Savings
Cost saving from
cement to GGBS 3 195600
24. ADVANTAGE OF WASTE PLASTIC BITUMINOUS MIX- :
1)Stronger road with increased Marshall StabilityValue.
2) Better resistance towards rain water and water stagnation.
3)No stripping and no potholes.
4) Increasebinding and better bonding of the mix.
5)Reduction in pores in aggregate and hence lessrutting and
raveling.
6) No leaching ofplastics.
7)No effect of radiation..
25. 8)The strength of the road is increased by 100%.
9)The load withstanding property increases. It helps to satisfy today’s need
of increased roadtransport.
10)For 1kmX3.75mroad, 1ton of plastic (10 lakh carry bags) is usedand 1
ton of bitumen issaved.
11)Value addition to the waste plastics .
12)The cost of road construction is also decreased.
13)The maintenance cost of road isalmost nil.
14)Disposal of waste plastic will no longer be aproblem.
15)The useof waste plastics on the road hashelped to provide better place
for burying the plastic waste without causing disposal problem.
26. DISADVANTAGE
• Pure plastic road requires using compatible plastics because,
when melted, plastics of different types may phase-separate
and cause structural weaknesses, which can lead to
premature failure.
• Wear on the surface of 100% plastic roads creates harmful
plastic particulates which can worsen current microplastic
pollution problem.