1) The document discusses using low density plastic waste in asphalt pavement to help address the growing problem of plastic waste. Plastic waste is shredded and used to coat aggregates, which are then mixed with bitumen to make asphalt.
2) Test results found the plastic-coated aggregate modified asphalt mix showed higher strength than conventional asphalt. Using plastic waste in this way helps reduce the need for bitumen in asphalt mixes.
3) The process and results suggest plastic waste can be effectively utilized in road construction, providing environmental and economic benefits over disposal in landfills.
plastic waste recycling for road constructionMahaswari Jogia
Plastic is boon for humans. As it is cheap, easy to transport, etc.
In a Survey it was found that a plastic can be long lasting more than 4000 years. It was good to know that life of plastic is more than any other packaging material.
Plastics, are versatile packing materials and commonly used by man but they become problem to the environment.
India consumption of Plastics will grow 178 lakh tonne by 2018* and is set to be the third largest consumer of plastics in the world.
plastic waste recycling for road constructionMahaswari Jogia
Plastic is boon for humans. As it is cheap, easy to transport, etc.
In a Survey it was found that a plastic can be long lasting more than 4000 years. It was good to know that life of plastic is more than any other packaging material.
Plastics, are versatile packing materials and commonly used by man but they become problem to the environment.
India consumption of Plastics will grow 178 lakh tonne by 2018* and is set to be the third largest consumer of plastics in the world.
A plastic road presentation is made by Anoop Chhapola .
in this ppt what is plastiv road , How to use of plastic waste material , Construction of plastic waste material road , Example of JUSCO in Jamshedpur etc Important task are include in .
A plastic road presentation is made by Anoop Chhapola .
in this ppt what is plastiv road , How to use of plastic waste material , Construction of plastic waste material road , Example of JUSCO in Jamshedpur etc Important task are include in .
Plastic roads mainly use plastic carry bags, disposable cups and bottles that are collected from garbage dumps.
plastic waste is increasing due to increase in population, urbanization and development
Plastics can be divided in to two major categories: thermoset and thermoplastics.
The disposal of waste plastic has become a serious problem globally due to their non-biodegradability.
PRODUCTIVE RE-USE OF MUNICIPAL PLASTIC WASTE TO IMPROVE TEMPERATURE RESISTANC...IAEME Publication
Plastic waste is one such resource which is abundantly available and disposed of without proper treatment. There has been an exponential growth in municipal plastic waste disposal
especially in urban areas which deteriorates the beauty of the landscape. Plastic instead of disposing directly can be made used in an effective and ingenious way by which disposal problems are succumbed and environmental pollution can be ameliorated. Scholars came up with a novel and an
effective method of re-using plastic in road construction. Plastic was found to be an effective binder for bitumen mixes used in flexible pavements.
Use of waste plastic in road construction rajatsikarwar
use of plastic waste in construction of roads.as we know that plastic is used widely and its nonbiodegradable. so we can utilise plastic waste by mixing it in bitumen for the construction of roads.
Review Paper on Application of Waste Plastic in Modifying Bitumen PropertiesIJERA Editor
Industrialisation and population is increasing day by day leading to the increase in the amount of waste plastic. Plastic is a non-biodegradable substance i.e. it is not decomposed by bacteria easily. So, dumping it causes soil pollution which leads to decrease in the fertility of soil. Another way of getting rid of plastic is by burning it, which also produces a lot of harmful gases and leads to increase in air pollution. Soil and air pollution both are harmful for the environment. Waste plastic can be used in bitumen as a modifier. In this paper we will discuss the variation of the properties of bitumen on addition of waste plastic at different percentage
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
2. FEASIBILITY STUDY OF LOW DENSITY WASTE
PLASTIC IN NON LOAD BEARING
ASPHALT PAVEMENT
PRESENTED BY :
SYED SHAHZAIB ALI
2
3. 3
Abstract:
Bottles, containers and packing strips etc. is increasing day by day. As a
result amount of waste plastic also increases. This leads to various
environmental problems
it is necessary to utilize the wastes effectively with technical development in
each field. Our present work is helping to take care of these aspects.
plastic can be used as a coating over aggregate and this coated
stone can be used for road construction.
The mix polymer coated aggregate modified bitumen have shown
higher strength.
4. 4
Use of this mix for road construction helps to use plastics waste.
Once the plastic waste is separated from municipal solid waste, the
organic matter can be converted into manure and used.
Our presentation will discuss in detail the process and its successful
applications.
5. INTRODUCTION
Plastics can be divided in to two major categories: thermosetting and
thermoplastics
A thermosetting plastic solidifies or “sets” irreversibly when heated. They
are used primarily in automobiles and construction applications.
A thermoplastic softens when exposed to heat and returns to original
condition at room temperature. Thermoplastics can easily be shaped and
molded into products such as milk jugs, floor coverings, credit cards, and carpet
fibers.
5
6. Continue ………….
According to recent studies, plastics can stay unchanged for as long as
4500 years on earth.
Increase in the global population and the rising demand for food and other
essentials, there has been a rise in the amount of solid waste being generated
daily by each household.
Now a days disposal of different types waste produce different place is
more problem.
These material pose different pollution in the environment
Due to its biodegradability it creates stagnation of water and associated
hygiene problems.
6
7. Continue……….
traditionally Soil, stone aggregate , sand , bitumen cement etc, are used for
road construction .
Natural material being exhaustible in nature, its quantity declining gradually.
Also cost of extracting good quality of natural material is increasing.
In order to contain this problem experiments have been carried out whether this
waste plastic can be reused productively.
The experimentation indicated that the waste plastic, when added to hot
aggregate will form a fine coat of plastic over the aggregate.
Such aggregate, when mixed with the binder is found to give higher strength,
higher resistance to water and better performance over a period of time.
7
8. 8
Waste plastic such as carry bags, disposable cups and laminated pouches like chips, pan
masala, aluminum foil and packaging material used for biscuits, chocolates, milk and
grocery items can be used for surfacing road.
Global Scenario:
Every year we dump a massive 2,123,760,175 tons of waste. Engineers predict this
amount increase in 2050 is about 3 billion ton
Globally this amount have 10% plastic waste.
Data source: The worldcount (www.theworldcount.com)
Pakistan Scenario:
About 20.24 million tons per year waste annually generated in pakistan.
59000 tons per day solid waste generated in Pakistan.
It varies from 0.31 kg/capita/day to 0.61 kg/capita/day rural and urban areas.
Approximately 6 to 8 % plastic in this amount of waste.
Data source: (Ministry of science and technology)
9. 9
Faisalabad Scenario:
The current population of Faisalabad is 3.5 million and approximately 1650 tons of
MSW is generated in the city every day (assuming waste generation rate of 0.45
kg/capita/day) .
waste composition of plastic and rubber is 6.60 %/weight in Faisalabad.
Collection rate is 60-65%
Data source(Faisalabad waste management company )
10. The rapid rate of urbanization and development has led to
increasing plastic waste generation.
As plastic is non biodegradable in nature, it remains in
environment for several years.
Plastic wastes disposing use at landfill are unsafe since toxic
chemicals leach out into the soil, and under-ground water.
As stated above, plastic disposal is one of the major
problems for developing countries like Pakistan , at a same
time Pakistan needs a large network of roads for its smooth
economic and social development.
Why I choose this topic for research ?
10
11. 11
Literature review:
The addition of 10 % by weight of processed plastic for the preparation of modified
bitumen results in a saving of 0.5 % bitumen by weight of the mix or about 9.6 kg
bitumen per cubic meter (m 3) of BC mix.The polymer bitumen blend is a better binder
compared to plain bitumen The polymer coated aggregate bitumen mix forms better
material for flexible pavement construction as the mix shows higher Marshall Stability
value and suitable Marshall Coefficient.
Swami1, etal …. (2012) International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)
The concept of using plastic in flexible pavement has been done sine several
years ago in India. The addition of plastic in bitumen improves the stability,
strength, life of bitumen. The polymer bitumen blend is a better binder
compared to plain bitumen. The use of waste plastic in road construction as an
effective way to reutilize the plastic waste
( Neha etal.. (2015) International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET).
12. 12
Continue ……
The bitumen mixed with plastic improve the quality of road. The use of plastic waste
in mix will help reduction in need of bitumen by amount of 10% increase the strength
and performance of road , avoid disposal of plastic waste by incineration and land
filling and landfilling and ultimately develop technology which is ecofriendly.
N. Rokdey etal …… (2015) (International Conference on Quality Up-gradation in Engineering,
Science and Technology (ICQUEST2015)
13. OBJECTIVES
To efficiently utilize the waste plastic in constructive way so that it can be
beneficial to society.
To coat the aggregates with the low density waste plastic materials and use in
non load bearing asphalt pavement roads.
utilize the waste plastic as a useful binding material , save the bitumen
concert.
To check the property of mix bitumen specimen.
To compare the properties of bitumen mix specimen with pure bitumen
specimen
13
14. 14
Material and methodology:
Aggregate.
fine aggregate ( stone dust)
course aggregate (2/8”) and zero size.
Bitumen(Tar)
quality use 80/100 grade bitumen.
Waste plastic
Mix plastic in shredded form.
15. 15
Basic process .
1 segregation
Plastic waste collected from various source must be segregated from other waste.
Maximum thickness 60 microns .
19. MIXING PROCEDURE AT HOT MIX PLANT:
Step I: Plastics waste like bags, bottles made out of PE and PP cut into a
size between 2.36 mm and 4.75mm using shredding machine.
Step II: The aggregate mix is heated to 165 0C and then it is transferred to
mixing chamber. Similarly the bitumen is to be heated up to a maximum of
160 0C. This is done so as to obtain a good binding and to prevent weak
bonding. During this process monitoring the temperature is very important.
Step III: At the mixing pan the shredded plastics waste is added over the
hot aggregate. It gets coated uniformly over the aggregate within 30 to 45
seconds. It gives an oily coated look to the aggregate.
Step IV: The plastics waste coated aggregate is mixed with hot bitumen.
Then this final resulted mix is used for laying roads. The road laying
temperature is between 110oC 120OC. The roller used should be of is 8-
ton capacity.
19
22. COST COMPARISON
The cost difference for the roads laid with compound as against
without it is Rs. 500 / Cubic Meter.
Saving of 10% by weight of bitumen.
Increase in compressive strength.
Indirect tensile strength values increased by 3 times
Provide smooth riding surface displaying much better
durability
22
23. CONCLUSION:
1. Plastic coating on aggregates is used for the better performance of
roads.
2. This helps to have a better binding of bitumen with plastic wasted
coated aggregate.
3. The polymer coating also reduces the voids.
4. This prevents the moisture absorption and oxidation of bitumen by
entrapped air.
5. This has resulted in reducing rutting, raveling and there is no
pothole formation.
6. The roads can show better durability.
23
24. Reference:
Savita Devi, Rupesh kumar ,Shad Ahmad, Jitendra Kumar Dhawan ,Premchand Yadav
“Partial Replacement of Bitumen by using Plastic Waste in Bitumen Concrete” SSRG
International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) – volume 3 Issue 7 – July 2016
Shweta N. Rokdey,P. L. Naktode, M. R. Nikhar “Use of Plastic Waste in Road Construction”
International Conference on Quality Up-gradation in Engineering, Science and Technology
(ICQUEST2015)
Sasane Neha .B, Gaikwad.Harish, Dr. J R Patil and Dr. S D Khandekar “APPLICATION OF
WASTE PLASTIC AS AN EFFECTIVE CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL IN FLEXIBLE
PAVEMENT”: International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 02 Issue: 03 | June-2015
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