Plants provide humans with many essential things like food, clothing, timber, and medicines. They come in many varieties including trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers, and aquatic plants. Plants have two main systems - the root system which absorbs water and minerals from the soil, and the shoot system including stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Leaves perform photosynthesis to produce food, while flowers help reproduction and attract pollinators. Fruits contain seeds which germinate into new plants under suitable conditions like moisture, warmth and sunlight. Proper care of plants involves providing them space, water, and avoiding damage.

1. PLANTS IN THE
SURROUNDINGS
LESSON NO: 5

2. WE DEPEND ON PLANTS FOR
• FOOD

3. CLOTHING

4. TIMBER

5. MEDICINES

6. VARIETIES OF PLANTS

7. TREES

8. SHRUBS

9. HERBS

10. CLIMBERS

11. CREEPERS

12. AQUATIC PLANTS

13. Parts of a
plant
Shoot
system
Stem, branches,
leaves, flowers
and fruits
Root
system
roots

14. PARTS OF A PLANT

15. ROOT
TAP ROOT FIBROUS ROOT
• Tap root is the single main
root .
• Several smaller roots grow
from the taproot.
• Examples: bean, mustard,
carrot
• Comprises of number of roots that
grows
from the lower end of the stem.
• Looks like a mass of fibres.
• Examples: grass, wheat and onion.

17. FUNCTIONS OF THE ROOT
• It fixes the plant firmly in the soil.
• It holds the soil together.
• It absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
• Store food prepared by the plants.
• Ex: carrot, radish and turnip.

18. TURNIP RADISH CARROT

19. ROOTS OF BANYAN TREE

20. STEM
• Main part of the shoot system.
• Grows above the ground and supports the upper
parts of a plant.
• Stems can be strong as in trees called trunk.
• Shrubs have thin woody stems.
• Herbs have several soft and thin stems.
• Creepers have soft and weak stems.

22. FUNCTIONS OF THE STEM
• It holds the plant upright and straight.
• It bears branches, leaves, flowers and
fruits.
• It helps in transportation of water and
food.
• Some plants stores food in their stems
examples: sugar cane, potato and
ginger.

23. SUGAR CANE
POTATO GINGER

24. LEAF
• Leaf is the thin, flat and usually green part that grows from the
plant’s stem or branch.

25. PARTS OF A LEAF
• LEAF LAMINA OR LEAF BLADE – flat and broad part.
• PETIOLE OR STALK - Links the leaf to the stem or branch
- Provides passage for water and minerals
• MIDRIB - The line running in the middle of the leaf.
• VEINS - Tiny channels that run all over the leaf.
• STOMATA - Small openings in the leaves.
- help in the exchange of gases.
- lose extra water through stomata

27. TYPES OF LEAVES
• Leaves differ in color, shapes and sizes.

28. SHAPES OF LEAVES
Large leaf
of
banana
Small leaf of rose
Long leaves
Of Ashoka
Needle like
Leaves of pine

29. FUNCTIONS OF LEAVES
• Photosynthesis.
- most of the leaves are green in color because of chlorophyll pigment.
- The process by which green leaves in the presence of sunlight take carbon
dioxide from the air and combine it with water to make food.
• Helps in exchange of gases.
• Some leaves store food.
Example: Cabbage, Lettuce and Spinach

30. cabbage lettuce
spinach

31. PITCHER PLANT
https://youtu.be/O7eQKSf0LmY
https://youtu.be/1CP1i0UKvb8

33. FLOWERS
• Flowers are the most colorful part of the plant.
• They grow on the stem.
• They differ in color, shape and size.

37. FUNCTIONS OF FLOWER
• It develops into fruits.
• It makes the plant look pretty and attractive.
• Its bright color, pleasant smell and sweet nectar attracts birds,
bees and insects.
• It helps a plant to reproduce.

38. PETAL : The soft and the brightly colored part of a flower.
It produces scent to attract or keep away insects.
SEPAL : The green part that lies under the petal and supports it.
It provides protection to the flower in the bud stage.

39. LARGEST FLOWER: RAFFLESIA

40. FRUIT
• A flower turns into a fruit.
• Fruit is the fleshy eatable part of the plant.
• It contains seeds in it.
• Different fruits contain different types and numbers of seeds.
• For example: Apple - few seeds
Mango - single seed
pomegranate - many small seeds

42. FUNCTIONS OF FRUITS
• It encloses and protects the seeds.
• Eaten by us.

43. SEED
• Seeds are the small hard structures produced by the plants.
• They are enclosed inside the fruits.
• Seeds come in different sizes, shapes and colors.

44. SIZE OF THE SEEDS

45. SHAPE OF THE SEEDS

46. COLORS OF THE SEEDS

47. FUNCTIONS OF THE SEED
• To give rise to a new plant.
• We eat seeds of plants like wheat, rice, corn and gram. Such seeds are called
edible seeds

48. STRUCTURE OF A SEED
• It consists of three main parts
• 1. seed coat
• 2. Embryo( baby plant)
• 3. Cotyledons

49. SEED COAT
• It is the tough and hard outer covering of the seed.
• It has a tiny hole through which the seed gets water.
• It protects the embryo inside the seed.

50. EMBRYO
• It is the baby plant inside the seed.
• As the seed matures the baby plant grows into a seedling

51. COTYLEDONS
• The cotyledons or the seed leaves are a part of the embryo.
• They lie within the seed of a developing plant,
• These store food for the new baby plant.

52. KINDS OF SEEDS
• MONOCOT SEEDS.
1. Contains only single cotyledon. Examples: corn, wheat and rice.
2. These seeds produce plants with long and narrow leaves.

53. • DICOT SEEDS:
1. Contains two cotyledons. Examples: bean, pea and pulses.
2. These seeds produce plants with different shapes and sizes of
leaves.

55. GERMINATION
• Germination is the process by which a seed starts to grow into a new plant.
• Suitable conditions for a seed to grow
1. Quality soil.
2. Oxygen.
3. Water
4. Warm temperature
5. Sunlight.

56. STEPS OF SEED GERMINATION
• The seed takes the water from the soil through a tiny hole present
on the seed coat. It makes the seed swell and the seed coat splits.
• A tiny root starts to grow downwards in the soil while a shoot
grows towards light.
• Soon a seedling with tiny leaves comes out of the ground.
• Finally, the seedling of a plant grows into a new plant.

57. HTTPS://YOUTU.BE/TE6XPTJGNR0

58. CARE OF PLANTS
AT HOME :
• Grow plants where they can get sufficient sunlight.
• Water the plants of your garden daily.
• Do not step on young plants.
• Add manure.
• Maintain enough space in between two plants.

59. AT PUBLIC PLACES.
• Do not pluck flowers and leaves of plants.
• Do not write on the tree trunks by scratching on it.
• If you care plants, they will care for you!