ALL ABOUT PLANTS

PLANTS AROUND US
 INTRODUCTION
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLANTS
 WHERE PLANTS LIVE?
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEAVES
 PARTS OF PLANTS AND ITS FUNCTIONS
 FOOD FROM PLANTS
 USES FROM PLANTS FOR US AND ANIMALS
 HOW PLANTS MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD?

INTRODUCTION
Plants are living things. They
breathe and grow. They also
reproduce. Most of the plants grow
on land. Some plants grow in water.
Plants are very useful to us. Plants can
be found in different shapes, sizes and
colors. Some plants are big and
strong. Some plants are small and
weak.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLANTS
 BIG PLANTS: Trees
 SMALL PLANTS:
 Shrubs
 Herbs
 Climbers
 Creepers
 Thorny plants
 Water plants
 Wild plants
 Weeds

BIG PLANTS
 Tall, big and strong plants are called TREES.
 They usually live for a long time.
 Some of them have bright flowers during a few months.
 Others give us fruit.
 Many trees have leaves all the year round.
 Others shed their leaves in winter.
 Some trees are peepal tree, palm tree, ashok tree, pine
tree and neem tree.
 Trees have strong woody barks and have many
branches.
 They stand erect.
 They have a thick, brown and woody stem called
TRUNK.
 Trees give us shade, fruits and wood.

COCONUT TREE, ASHOKA TREE ,
NEEM TREE , PINE AND BANYAN
TREE, AND

SMALL PLANTS
 Small plants are smaller than trees.
 Their stems are thinner and weaker.
 They need lesser space to spread.
 They are not very tall.
 Shrubs, herbs, climbers and creepers are
small plants.

SHRUBS
 Small plants with several branches growing near
the ground are called shrubs.
 E.g.; hibiscus, rose, cotton, tulsi, jasmine etc.
 They have many thin, brown and woody stems.
Doesn’t have main trunk.
 They are smaller than a tree.
 They are medium in size and Most shrubs live
only for a few years.

ROSE PLANT, HIBISCUS
PLANT,COTTON PLANT, YELLOW
OREANDER TREE,

HERBS
 Small plants with soft, green and thin stems are called herbs.
 Herbs are smaller than shrubs.
 Their leaves, flowers, seeds are used for flavoring, food,
cooking, medicines or perfumes.
 E.g.: mint, tulsi, coriander, aloevira, basil, dill, spinach etc.
 We use some herbs like coriander, mint, spinach, etc. for
cooking.
 The leaves of the tulsi give us medicines.
 Most herbs live only for a few months.
 They can stand erect on the ground.
 They are seasonal plants.

ALOEVERA, CORIANDER(CILANTRA),DILL PLANT,MINT,
BASIL PLANT,TULSI

CLIMBERS
 Plants with weak and soft stems that need
support of other plants, sticks, walls etc. to
grow straight are called climbers.
 E.g.: grapevine, moneyplant, bean plant, pea
plant, bougainvilleas etc.
 They cannot stand erect on their own.
 Climbers have tendrils to hold the support.

CLIMBERS (grapevine and bitter
gourd)

Climbers (black pepper and bottle
gourd)

Climbers (French bean plant and
luffa gourd)

Climbers ( money plant and pea
plant)

Climbers (bougainvilleas and Peas
plant after opening)

CREEPERS
 Plants with soft, green and weak stems that
crawl along the ground are called creepers.
 e.g.: Pumpkin, Watermelon, Muskmelon etc.
 They cannot stand erect.

THORNY PLANTS
 Some plants have thorns. Animals do not eat
such plants. Such plants are called thorny
plants.
 e.g.: cactus, rose and bougainvillea.
 Plants like thorny cacti grow in hot deserts.
They have deep roots. Their stems are fleshy
and store water.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CACTUS PLANTS

WATER PLANTS
 Water plants grow in water and their stem stays
underwater.
 e.g.: Lotus, Duckweed, Hydrilla, Water lily, water
chestnut etc.
 These water plants has long stems under the
water.
 Sometimes they get attached to the bottom of
the pond.
 They usually have large, flat leaves. These float
easily on water.
 Plants like Hydrilla grow completely underwater.

LOTUS PLANT AND ITS STEM
UNDERWATER

DUCK WEED POND AND ZOOM INTO POND

HYDRILLA UNDERWATER AND HOW IT
LOOKS

WATER CHESTNUT AND BACKSIDE OF THE CHESTNUT, WATER
CHESTNUT OPENED(IT IS ACQUATIC VEGETABLE)

WATER CHESTNUT OPENED(IT IS
ACQUATIC VEGETABLE)

WILD PLANTS
 Grow naturally for many years.
 They do not need any person to take care of
them.
 Wild plants can be grass, trees and small
plants.
 E.g.: Banyan tree, Grass, Periwinkle plant etc.

WEEDS
 Weeds are unwanted plants and can grow
anywhere.
 They can be found in pots, gardens or farms.
 They grow very fast and take the place of
other plants.
 E.g.: Dandelion, Poison Ivy ,Milk Thistle

Venus fly trap and pitcher plant make a sticky,
sugary liquid that insects like. When an insect
sits on the plant, it gets stuck to it. The plant
traps the insect and eats it.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEAVES OF
DIFFERENT PLANTS AROUND US
 BIG LEAVES PLANTS: Leaves are of
different sizes and shapes. Leaves are
important parts of a plant. Big leaves of
peepal, mango, lotus and papaya. Very big
leaves of banana and coconut.
 SMALL LEAVE PLANTS: Small leaves of
neem, tulsi, tamarind, rose and mint.

Papaya and lotus leaves (big
leaves)

Mango and peepal leaves (big
leaves)

Banana and coconut leaves (very
big leaves)

Mint leaves and neem leaves
(small leaves )

Rose and tamarind leaves (small
leaves)

LIFE SPAN OF PLANTS
Some plants like banyan tree and neem tree
live for hundreds of years. Some plants like
pea, sunflowers and rice live only for a few
months.

HOW PLANTS GROW AND CHANGE(Different
parts of a plant and its functions)

ROOTS
 The root of a plant grows below the ground.
 These roots give support to the plant.
 Roots hold the soil particles firmly and fix the plant in the soil.
 They help the plant to stand erect.
 These carry water, minerals and nutrients from the soil for the plants.
 Vegetables like carrot, beetroot, turnip and radish are actually roots.
 The excess food prepared by the leaves is stored in the roots of some
plants. Like potato, carrot, radish and beetroot.
 Types of root:
 Tap root: it has a main thick root and out of the thick root grows a
number of thin roots. Mustard, bean and balsam have tap roots.
 Fibrous root: Large numbers of roots grow at the end of the stem.
Rice, wheat and onion has fibrous roots.

STEMS
 The stem usually grows above the ground.
 Stems may be green or brown.
 Stems may be thick or thin.
 The stem supports its other parts of the plant such as the
branches, leaves, fruits and flowers.
 The stems of trees are strong and hard and these are called
trunks.
 They carry food and water to all parts of the plants.
 The thin tubes in the stem carry the water and minerals absorb
by the roots to stem and leaves.
 They provide support to the plants.
 Some stems like sugarcane, ginger and potato store food and
can be eaten.
 Stem is known as the back-bone of the plant.

LEAF
 The green flat part of the plant.
 leaf grows on the branch of the plant.
 Produces food for the plant through photosynthesis. Makes food
in the presence of sunlight, using water, carbon dioxide and
chlorophyll.
 Different parts of the leaves:
 Chlorophyll: the substance which gives most leaves its green
color.
 leaf blades: the flat part of the leaf.
 Veins: the fine lines on the leaf which give it support and carry
water to the leaf.
 stomata: tiny pores on the underside of the leaf blade
through which the plant breathes in air.
• Leaves as food like spinach, lettuce, cabbage.

FLOWER
 Flower is the beautiful part of a plant that produces seeds
or fruit.
 Blooms from a bud.
 Flowers can be of different size, shape, color and smell.
Common flowers are: Rose, Lotus, Marigold, Jasmine,
Sunflower ,Hibiscus
 Some flowers smell good. Some of the good smelling
flowers are rose, jasmine, lotus, sunflower, apple flower.
 Butterflies and bees come to flower in search of nectar.
 Flowers grows into fruit like cauliflower and broccoli and
helps the plant to reproduce.

FRUITS
 Fruit is the fleshy part of a plant that grows from
flowers and have seeds inside them.
 Fruits are juicy and tasty.
 Some fruits are apple, orange, mango, watermelon
and peach.
 A fruit protects the seeds that are inside it. New plants
grow from these seeds.
 Fruits are very useful for us. They protect us from
various diseases. We should eat plenty of fruits daily.

SEEDS
 The hard part inside the fruit is called its seed.
 A seed grows into a new plant.
 Seeds have baby plants inside them.
 We eat cereals like wheat and rice, pulses like gram and pea. These are
seeds of some plants.
 Most fruits have seeds inside them.
 Some fruits have one big seed like mango and litchi. Some fruits have few
seeds like apple and pear. Some fruits have many seeds like watermelon
and papaya.
 A seed needs air, water and sunlight to grow.
 Seeds inside some fruits that we don’t eat are: Orange, Papaya,
Watermelon , Mango ,Apple ,Musk Melon ,Chikoo or Sapodilla ,Apricot.
 Some fruits whose seeds we eat are: Pomegranate, Fig, Banana,
Strawberry, Kiwi, Guava, Raspberry, Grapes.
 There are many other seeds that we use as food. Rice, Wheat, Dal,
Almond, Pea, Peanut.

BUDS AND BRANCHES
 Buds: Flowers bloom from tiny buds.
 Branches: grow outwards from the stem and
bear leaves.

SEED GERMINATION PROCESS:
A baby plants needs food, air,
water, and sunlight to grow.
We sow seed in the soil.
Roots absorb water and
nutrients from soil.
The seed gives food to the baby
plant.
The seed bursts open when the
baby plant grows into a little
plant.
This little plant is called a
seedling.
After some time, the seedling
grows into a new plant.
This is how plants grow and
change into a new plant.

PARTS OF THE PLANTS (ROOTS,
LEAVES, STEMS, FLOWERS)

USES OF PLANTS
 As Food: - we eat different parts of plants. Leaves: Spinach and Tea plant.
Stem: potato and sugarcane. Roots: radish and onions. Fruits and seeds:
apple and rice.
 Plants give us paper and wood: - Paper, Bat ,Spoons, Chopsticks ,Wooden
Pencils ,Wooden Bed ,Wooden Door, Wooden Chair.
 Plants are used in medicines: -Tulsi :Juice of Tulsi leaves is used for cough
and cold. Turmeric : Turmeric is used in cooking and also as anti
inflammatory . Aloe Vera; Juice of aloe Vera plant is good for skin. Amla:
Amla juice is good for stomach.
 Fibers : Clothes are made from cotton fiber and linen fiber Jute and
coconut fibers are used to make ropes, mats etc. Cotton cloth Jute mats
Coconut coir Rope theeducationdesk.com
 Perfumes :Sweet smelling flowers like rose and jasmine are used to make
perfumes. Rose Perfume Jasmine
 Clean Air : Plants make the air clean and fresh. They give shadows. Plants
also help to make the soil more nutrient.

CARE OF PLANTS
 At home: Like human’s plants also need water,
otherwise they may die. So water the plants
regularly. Plants breathe through their leaves so
clean the leaves regularly. Plants make their food
and grow using the sunlight. So make sure plants
get enough sunlight.
 At public places: Take care of plants at public
places like parks, gardens. Don’t walk on grass
harshly. Don’t pluck leaves, Flowers and
branches of trees. Do not scratch or write on tree
trunks.

WHERE DO PLANTS GET THEIR FOOD
FROM?
 Plants are the only living things that can make their own food.
 Plants can only make their food in the sunlight.
 They use water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air.
 A plant makes its food in its leaves. In the sunshine, the water and carbon
dioxide are combined in the green leaves, to make plant food. While this
happens, the plant makes oxygen. This oxygen goes out into the air through
the tiny holes on the leaves.
 When you water a potted plant, the roots take up the water.
 It is then carried by the stem to the leaves. The food made in the leaves is also
carried through the stem to all parts of the plant.
 Plants use the food they make.
 They need it to live and grow. Any extra food is stored away. Human beings
and animals use this stored food. Plants store their food in fruits, seeds, stems
and some parts that grow below the ground.
 When you water a potted plant, the roots take up the water.
 It is then carried by the stem to the leaves. The food made in the leaves is also
carried through the stem to all parts of the plant.

HOW THE ROOTS TAKE UP THE
WATER

HOW DO PLANTS HELP ANIMALS?
 Plants provide food for animals. Many
animals live on leaves and grass. These
animals are called herbivores. Some animals
eat other animals and they are called
carnivores. Animals that eat both plants and
animals are called omnivores.
 Many animals make their homes in trees.
Others live in the shade of plants. They may
also hide themselves in the trees or in tall
grass.

•Without sunlight and water the plant would die.
When a potted plant was kept inside a closed
box for some days what do you think would
happen and why?

ALL ABOUT PLANTS

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