Introduction on Dow Fire and Explosion Index (Dow F&EI) & Mond Index. Explain the objectives of the index and steps to obtain the index. Mond Index is an extension of Dow F&EI.

1. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
(KAS3501)
YEAR 3 ; 6th SEM
GROUP 6
Presentation Date: 1 April 2015
MATRIC NO. NAME
UK29558 PHON MUN YEE
UK29505 ADIBAH BT AYOB
UK29506 NOOR AIN NAJIHAH BT AZHAR
UK29507 NASRULLAH AMRI B. BAHAR
UK29511 SITI KHADIJAH BT ARIFFIN

2. DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSION
INDEX (DOW F&EI) & MOND
INDEX

3. DOW FIRE AND
EXPLOSION INDEX
(DOW F&EI)

4. WHAT IS DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSION
INDEX?
• The hazard classification guide developed by Dow
Chemical Company.
• Published by the American Institute of Chemical
Engineering, Dow (1994).
• It gives a method of evaluating the potential risk
from process, and assessing the potential loss.

5. OBJECTIVES OF DOW F&EI
• Quantify:
• The expected damage of potential fire & explosion
incidents in realistic terms
• Identify:
• Equipment that would likely contribute to the
creation or escalation of an incident
• Communicate:
• The fire & explosion potential to design teams and
plant personnel

6. • It is tailored for storage, handling and processing of
explosive and flammable material in chemical
process industry.
• It uses systematic approach based on rating form.
• Suitable to be used at an early stage of a project and
for auditing existing plant.
• Final rating number (i.e F&EI) provided a relative
ranking of hazard.
• It is also used for estimating damage radius (using
Dow correlation) and estimate dollar losses in the
event of accident (using consequences analysis
form).

7. WHEN SHOULD ONE PERFORM AN FEI?
• Late in Phase III Engineering after:
• P&IDs have been completed,
• Equipment has been sized,
• A trial equipment layout has been done,
• A DFC estimate has been completed.

8. WHO USUALLY PERFORMS THE FEI?
• Generally a senior process engineer, who is
acquainted with the details of the project, is
assigned the task.
• Occasionally, different groups tackle the
assignment and results are compared for
consensus building.

9. GENERAL PROCESS HAZARD
• The general process hazards are factors that play
in primary role in determining the magnitude of
the loss following an incident.
1. Exothermic chemical reaction
2. Endothermic processes
3. Materials handling and transfer
4. Access of emergency equipment
5. Drainage and spill control

10. SPECIAL PROCESS HAZARDS
• The special process hazards are factors that are
known from experience to contribute to the
probability of an incident involving loss.
1. Toxic materials
2. Sub-atmospheric pressure
3. Operation in or near flammable range
4. Dust explosion
5. Leakage

11. PARAMETER IN F&E INDEX
• Material Factor (MF)
• Measure of Reactivity and Flammability
• General Process Hazards (F1)
• Play a primary role in determining the
magnitude of a loss incident
• Special Process Hazards (F2)
• Contribute to the probability of a loss incident

12. • FIRE & EXPLOSION INDEKS (F&EI)
• A measure of the relative hazard and relates to an
exposure radius
• LOSS CONTROL CREDITS (LCCF)
• Are features that have proved beneficial in
preventing serious incidents and reducing the
magnitude of a particular incident
* Process Control
* Material Isolation
* Fire Protection

13. • Actual Maximum Probable Property Damage (MPPD)
• Represents the property damage that could result
from an incident of reasonable magnitude with
adequate functioning of protective equipment
• Maximum Probable Days Outage (MPDO)
• Time required to rebuild the plant to its original
capacity
• Business Interruption (BI)
• The lost profit to the company due to an incident

14. PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING DOW F&EI

15. SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE FOR
CALCULATING DOW F&EI

16. FORM FOR DETERMINING DOW F&EI

17. DETERMINATION OF MATERIAL FACTOR
Table 10.1 is used to obtain the material
factor, MF value for the related
compound.
Compound with higher MF means it has
higher flammability and/or more
explosive.
For a mixture, select the compound with
the highest MF value.

18. PENALTY FACTORS

19. Dow’s Fire & Explosion Index Hazard Classification Guide,
7th Edition
American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)
ISBN: 0-8169-0623-8
Publisher: Wiley
The value for penalty factors, F1 or F2 is given as
suggested in this guide book.
*For no penalty use 0.0

20. DEGREE OF HAZARD FROM THE
DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX
Dow F&EI Degree of hazard
1-60
61-96
97-127
128-158
159 and above
Light
Moderate
Intermediate
Heavy
Severe
Determination of Fire
and Explosion Index,
F&EI
MFFF
MFFEIF


21
3&

21. LOSS CONTROL CREDIT FACTOR, LCCF

22. LOSS CONTROL CREDIT FACTOR, LCCF

23. PROCESS UNIT RISK ANALYSIS

24. PROCESS UNIT RISK ANALYSIS
Parameter Reference Equation
Radius of exposure, R Figure 7 (F&EI, R)
Area of exposure, AOE -
Value of area of exposure
($5000/m2)
- -
Damage factor, DF Figure 8 (MF, DF,F3)
Base Maximum Probable
Property Damage (Base MPPD)
-
Actual MPPD -
Maximum Probable Days
Outage (MPDO)
Figure 9 (Actual MPPD, MPDO)
Business Interruption, BI -
(VPM=Value of production for the month)
2
RAOE 
AOEDFMPPDBase 
LCCFMPPDBaseMPPDActual 
0.7VPM
30
MPDO
BI 

28. BASIC PREVENTATIVE AND PROTECTIVE
MEASURES
The basic safety and fire protective measures that
should be included in all chemical process designs
are listed below:
1. Adequate, and secure, water supplies for fire
fighting.
2. Correct structural design of vessels, piping, steel
work.
3. Pressure-relief devices.
4. Corrosion-resistant materials, and/or adequate
corrosion allowances.

29. 5.Segregation of reactive materials
6. Earthing of electrical equipment.
7. Safe location of auxiliary electrical equipment,
transformers, switch gear.
8. Provision of back-up utility supplies and services.
9. Compliance with national codes and standards.
10. Insulation of hot surfaces.

30. MOND INDEX

31. • It is an extension of the Dow index.
• Involves making an initial assessment of hazard similar to that
used in the Dow index, but taking into account additional
hazard considerations.
• The potential hazard expressed in terms of the initial value of
a set of indices for fire, explosion and toxicity. These included:
• Fire load index
• Unit toxicity index
• Major toxicity incident index
• Explosion index
• Aerial explosion index
• Overall index
• Overall risk rating

32. PREVENTION MEASURES
• Prevention measures fall into two categories:
1. Those that reduce the number of incidents.
- such as: sound mechanical design of equipment
and piping; operating and maintenance procedures,
and operator training.
2. Those that reduce the scale of potential incident.
-such as: measures for fire protection, and fixed fire
fighting equipment.
• Many measures will not fit neatly into individual
categories but will apply to both.

33. SUMMARY
• The Dow and Mond indexes are useful
techniques, which can be used in the early stages
of a project design to evaluate the hazards and
risks of the proposed process.
• Calculation of the indexes for the various sections
of the process will highlight any particularly
hazardous section and indicate where a detailed
study is needed to reduce the hazards.

34. REFFERENCES
• American Institute of Chemical Engineers . (1994). Dow's Fire & Explosion
Index Hazard Classification Guide, 7th Edition.
• Gupta, J. P., Khemani, G., & Mannan, S. (2003). Calculation of Fire and
Explosion Index (F&EI) value for the Dow Guide taking credit for the loss
control measures. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 235-
241.
• Tyler, B. J. ( 2004). Using the mond index to measure inherent hazards.
Plant/Operations Progress, 172–175.