The capital of British India was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911. British architect Edwin Lutyens was tasked with planning and designing New Delhi. Lutyens designed an expansive garden city with wide avenues and classical buildings. Key elements of the design included the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Secretariat buildings, Parliament House, residential areas, and princely state palaces. However, the rapid growth of Old Delhi was not adequately planned for, leading to overcrowding and deterioration.
When the British first made inroads into India, little impact had been, was, or even intended on being made. Structures were mainly reflective of their functions, simple warehouses and a number of rather temporary administration facilities with residences remaining few in number, these kept to the traditional and vernacular. However, as British interests in India expanded, more permanent structures were required to facilitate the infrastructure of the new British Raj- symbols of their new status as the power seat; a sense of permanence and prominence.
GROUP HOUSING : A DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE ACCOMODATES THE GROUP RATHER THAN THE UNIT AND ITS THEREFORE PUBLIC AS WELL AS PRIVATE. IT IS FIMILIAR THROUGH THE WIDWSPREAD DEVELOPMENT OF MASS HOUSING IN THE WORLD IN WHICH INDIVIDUALS OR FAMILIES FIND LIVING SPACE EITHER IN M ULTIPLE DWELLINGS OR SINGLE LINITS PRODUCED IN QUALITY . GROUP HOUSING IS PRODUSED BY MANY KINDS OF CULTURES BY COMMUNAL STATES TO EQALIZE LIVING STANDDARDS BY TYRANTS TO ASSURE A DOCILE LABOUR FORCE, AND BY FEDUAL OR CASTE SYSTEM TO BRINGS TOGETHER MEMBERS OF A CLASS.
2. CLUSTER HOUSING
A SUBDIVISION TECHNIQUES WHERE KNOWN
AS ZERO –LOT –LINE HOUSING OR HIGH DENSITY
HOUSING DWELLING ARE GROUPED TOGHTHER
WITH COMMON AREA LEFT FOR RECREATION .
RAW HOUSING
ONE OF A SERIES OF HOUSES , OFTEN AS SIMILAR
OR IDENTICAL DESIGN, SITUATED SIDE BY SIDE
AND JOINED COMMON WALLS
3. PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA
2 MILLION NON-SLUM URBAN POOR HOUSEHOLD
ARE PROPOSED TO BE COVERDED UNDER THE MISSION.
RAJIV AWAS YOJANA
IT UNCOURAGE “SLUM FREE INDIA” IN CITIES
IN WHICH EVERY CITIZEN HAS ACEES TO BASIC AMENITIES.
PRADHAN MANTRI GRAMIN AWAS YOZANA
PROVIDING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO RURAL
POOR FOR CONSTRUCTING THEIR HOUSES THEMSELVES.
HOUSING FOR ALL BY 2022
MISSSION APPROVED A SUBSTANCIAL INCREAS IN INTEREST
RELIFE ON LOAN FOR THE URBAN POOR
TO PROMOTE AFFORDEBLE HOMES.
INTEREST SUBSIDY SCHEMES FOR HOUSING URBAN
THE SCHEMES ENVISAGES THE PROVISION OF
INTEREST TO EWS AND LIG SEGMENTS TO
ENABLES THEM TO BUY OR CONSTRUCT HOUSES.
4.Lower Income Group
Economic Weaker Section (EWS) means households with monthly household income upto Rs. 5000/- per month or as revised by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India from time to time. Lower Income Group (LIG) means households with monthly household income between Rs. 5001/- to Rs.
5.Development of Group Housing will be under provision
of master plan, Enclave development plan and layout plan.
Minimum area of plot will be 2000sq.m
Land proposed for group housing will be located at 12m
wide exiting road, But the distance of the plot from 18m
(or above) wide road will not be more than 100m.
Slilt floor will be permitted for the purpose of parking in
group housing buildings, height of which of which be
2.1m up to the beam.
if slilt floor is used for purpose other than parking then
it will be counted in F.A.R.
Park and open area will be provided at the rate of
1.0sq.m. per person or 15% of the whole area,
whichever is more, in the plot of area 3000sq.m (or above).
Architecture case study - IIM AhemdabadOnal Kothari
The campus of IIM-Ahmedabad is not only an institution of learning but also a place for everyone to see. That is why; the institute draws the attention of both the students as well as common man. The campus of IIM Ahmedabad is spread over 67 acres of land. The building design of institute was created by noted architect Louis Kahn a famous American architect known for his majestic architectural designs.
byelaws, periphery control, development, objective,FAR ratio, and edict of chandigarh: introduction, purpose, definition, objectives, some terminologies, open and interior space requirements, provision for lighting and ventilation, acts, chandigarh planning and landscape ,
When the British first made inroads into India, little impact had been, was, or even intended on being made. Structures were mainly reflective of their functions, simple warehouses and a number of rather temporary administration facilities with residences remaining few in number, these kept to the traditional and vernacular. However, as British interests in India expanded, more permanent structures were required to facilitate the infrastructure of the new British Raj- symbols of their new status as the power seat; a sense of permanence and prominence.
GROUP HOUSING : A DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE ACCOMODATES THE GROUP RATHER THAN THE UNIT AND ITS THEREFORE PUBLIC AS WELL AS PRIVATE. IT IS FIMILIAR THROUGH THE WIDWSPREAD DEVELOPMENT OF MASS HOUSING IN THE WORLD IN WHICH INDIVIDUALS OR FAMILIES FIND LIVING SPACE EITHER IN M ULTIPLE DWELLINGS OR SINGLE LINITS PRODUCED IN QUALITY . GROUP HOUSING IS PRODUSED BY MANY KINDS OF CULTURES BY COMMUNAL STATES TO EQALIZE LIVING STANDDARDS BY TYRANTS TO ASSURE A DOCILE LABOUR FORCE, AND BY FEDUAL OR CASTE SYSTEM TO BRINGS TOGETHER MEMBERS OF A CLASS.
2. CLUSTER HOUSING
A SUBDIVISION TECHNIQUES WHERE KNOWN
AS ZERO –LOT –LINE HOUSING OR HIGH DENSITY
HOUSING DWELLING ARE GROUPED TOGHTHER
WITH COMMON AREA LEFT FOR RECREATION .
RAW HOUSING
ONE OF A SERIES OF HOUSES , OFTEN AS SIMILAR
OR IDENTICAL DESIGN, SITUATED SIDE BY SIDE
AND JOINED COMMON WALLS
3. PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA
2 MILLION NON-SLUM URBAN POOR HOUSEHOLD
ARE PROPOSED TO BE COVERDED UNDER THE MISSION.
RAJIV AWAS YOJANA
IT UNCOURAGE “SLUM FREE INDIA” IN CITIES
IN WHICH EVERY CITIZEN HAS ACEES TO BASIC AMENITIES.
PRADHAN MANTRI GRAMIN AWAS YOZANA
PROVIDING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO RURAL
POOR FOR CONSTRUCTING THEIR HOUSES THEMSELVES.
HOUSING FOR ALL BY 2022
MISSSION APPROVED A SUBSTANCIAL INCREAS IN INTEREST
RELIFE ON LOAN FOR THE URBAN POOR
TO PROMOTE AFFORDEBLE HOMES.
INTEREST SUBSIDY SCHEMES FOR HOUSING URBAN
THE SCHEMES ENVISAGES THE PROVISION OF
INTEREST TO EWS AND LIG SEGMENTS TO
ENABLES THEM TO BUY OR CONSTRUCT HOUSES.
4.Lower Income Group
Economic Weaker Section (EWS) means households with monthly household income upto Rs. 5000/- per month or as revised by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India from time to time. Lower Income Group (LIG) means households with monthly household income between Rs. 5001/- to Rs.
5.Development of Group Housing will be under provision
of master plan, Enclave development plan and layout plan.
Minimum area of plot will be 2000sq.m
Land proposed for group housing will be located at 12m
wide exiting road, But the distance of the plot from 18m
(or above) wide road will not be more than 100m.
Slilt floor will be permitted for the purpose of parking in
group housing buildings, height of which of which be
2.1m up to the beam.
if slilt floor is used for purpose other than parking then
it will be counted in F.A.R.
Park and open area will be provided at the rate of
1.0sq.m. per person or 15% of the whole area,
whichever is more, in the plot of area 3000sq.m (or above).
Architecture case study - IIM AhemdabadOnal Kothari
The campus of IIM-Ahmedabad is not only an institution of learning but also a place for everyone to see. That is why; the institute draws the attention of both the students as well as common man. The campus of IIM Ahmedabad is spread over 67 acres of land. The building design of institute was created by noted architect Louis Kahn a famous American architect known for his majestic architectural designs.
byelaws, periphery control, development, objective,FAR ratio, and edict of chandigarh: introduction, purpose, definition, objectives, some terminologies, open and interior space requirements, provision for lighting and ventilation, acts, chandigarh planning and landscape ,
This project on Colonial Architecture in India will help us to :
Develop skills to gather data, investigate different view points and reach to a logical justification.
Appreciate the idea of architecture used by the Britishers.
Understand various features of British Architecture and respect the assimilation of different styles of buildings.
a 5 min presentation on Indus Valley civilization discussing its history, some geographical details, the lifestyle, religous beliefs and livelihood of the people.
This presentation talks in detail, about the ideas that went into designing one of the most beautiful urban design projects of India- The Central Vista of New Delhi.
Red fort and President House Compare and ContrastAman Gupta
Red Fort and President House both are situated in Delhi.
Both are the Historical Monument of our country. Well in this Power Point Presentation we have compared some of the facts of Red Fort and President House.
The search of identity by India between the period of 1890 to 1990 and the Deliberate attempts to exert an Indian identity through the built environment have been glorified.
Top 10 Places to Visit after Moving to DelhiGauravTeotia7
If you are planning to move to Delhi, the National capital of India. We can understand your excitement. Delhi is full of life and many exciting places found in Delhi from historic to traditional to modern. This city is a perfect combination of modern and traditional. This city is a cosmopolitan city where people migrate and earn great income. This is a unique city where people come across the country to live and work.
Every year this city offers tons of job opportunities to job seekers and many people found good residential areas to live in Delhi has an excellent infrastructure and some of the best schools and hospitals of the country are also in there.
If you are living in Delhi then you will get a wonderful opportunity to explore some of the best and architecturally beautiful monuments of the country. There are so many interesting and famous tourist places in Delhi that you can explore after moving to this city. Here are some beautiful places to visit in Delhi.
How To Change Name On Volaris Ticket.pdfnamechange763
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Montreal boasts a vibrant artistic heritage, showcased in its top art galleries and museums. From the expansive collections at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts to the cutting-edge exhibits at the Musée d'art contemporain, discover the city's rich cultural landscape. Experience dynamic street art, indigenous works, and contemporary pieces, reflecting Montreal's diverse and innovative art scene.
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In this presentation, we delve into the captivating realm of Antarctica, Earth's southernmost continent. This icy wilderness stands as a testament to extremes, with record-breaking cold temperatures and vast expanses of pristine ice. Antarctica's landscape is dominated by towering glaciers, colossal icebergs, and expansive ice shelves. Yet, amidst this frozen expanse, a rich tapestry of unique wildlife thrives, including penguins, seals, and seabirds, all finely attuned to survive in this harsh environment. Beyond its natural wonders, Antarctica also serves as a vital hub for scientific exploration, providing invaluable insights into climate change and the Earth's history
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Planning of lutyens' delhi
1. THE PLANNING AND DESIGN OF
LUTYENS DELHI
Mayank Shekhawat
Vedika Agrawal
Image Source: http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/12/29/delhi-journal-the-lutyens-legacy/
3. The capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911
Image 1
Image 2
Reasons for the shifting of the capital:
• Controversial partitioning of Bengal In 1905 - right to vote between Bengali Hindus n
Muslims.
• Delhi’s geographical position at the centre of northern India (roughly equidistant from
Bombay and Calcutta)
• Delhi’s historic importance (Important seat of the Mughal empire) (For Hindus –
maharbharata-era city of Indraprastah)
• Perceived political need to rearticulate british power.
Image 1 Source: http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=713
Image 2 Source: http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=712
4. 1911 – Foundation stone for New Delhi
at Delhi Darbar
On December 15, 1911, King George V and Queen Mary laid the foundation
stone for New Delhi, at a Darbar under a purposely built Shah Jahani dome.
The message was clear: the British were the legitimate successors of the
Mughals and their new capital was intended to express the power of the
Raj, just as Shah Jahan’s capital had expressed the authority of the Mughals.
Image Source:
http://www.iicdelhi.nic.in/publications/uploads_diary_files/491816November112011_IIC%20Occasional%20Publication%2032&33.pdf
5. The initial
design of
New Delhi
Image Source: http://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/wmf_article/pg_3843_new_delhi.pdf
Lutyens had initially designed Delhi
with all the streets
crossing at right angles, much like
in New York.
However, Lord Hardinge told him of
the dust storms that sweep the
landscape in these parts, insisting
on roundabouts, hedges and trees
to break their force, giving him the
plans of Rome, Paris and
Washington to study and apply to
Delhi.
7. Intentions of the Layout:
Lutyens’ Delhi was planned on the most spacious garden
city lines with the great avenues decorated with classical
buildings with lush landscape.
The layout of Lutyens Delhi was governed by three major
visual corridors, linking the government complex with :
• Jama Masjid
• Indraprastha
• Safdarjungs Tomb
Image 1
Image 2
Image Source (Image 1 and Image 2): http://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/1158/changing-image-of-lutyens-delhi
8. Features
1. The plan reflects Lutyens’ “transcendent fervour for geometric
symmetry,” which is expressed through amazing sequences of triangles
and hexagons, through sightlines and axes.
2. Lutyens’ plan is also remarkable
for the generous green spaces,
lawns, watercourses, flower and
fruit-bearing trees, and their
integration with
the parks developed around
monuments.
3. The attempt was to include all
natural and historical wonders in
the new city.
Image Source: http://www.srmuniv.ac.in/downloads/townplaning.pdf
9. The Road Network
•
Besides the major Pathway,
there were extremely wide
avenues. The original design of
the road network was capable
of accommodating 6000
vehicles, however these
avenues, had the potential of
increasing their carriagewaythe reason why the road layout
has survived till today.
•
In general the road network
consisted of diagonals and
radials, at 30 degree/ 60
degree angles to the main axis,
forming triangles and
hexagons.
Image source: http://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/1158/changing-image-of-lutyens-delhi
10. Lutyens’ Delhi - Zoning
GOVERNMENT
COMPLX
BUNGLOW ZONE
COMMERCIAL
DISTRICT
14. The Government Complex/ Administrative area
1. Lutyens laid out the central administrative area of the city.
2. At the heart of the city was the impressive Rashtrapati Bhawan, located on the top
of Raisina Hill. The Rajpath connects India Gate to Rashtrapati Bhawan, while
Janpath, which crosses it at a right angle, connects South end with Connaught
Place.
3. The Secretariat Building, which houses various ministries of the Government of
India including Prime Minister's Office are beside the Rashtrapati Bhawan and were
designed by Herbert Baker.
4. Also designed by Baker was the Parliament House, located on the Sansad Marg,
running parallel with the Rajpath.
Image Source: http://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/1158/changing-image-of-lutyens-delhi
15. The Rashtrapati Bhawan
Lutyen's grandiose Government House (Rashtrapati Bhawan) - located on Raisina Hill,
and one of New Delhi's major thoroughfares, Rajpath, connects it to the Purana Qila
Lord Hardinge chose the Raisina Hill for
locating the viceroy’s palace because:
• It was a well drained.
• Constituted of slopes and plains
between the ridge and the river.
• Its eastern and southern margins
were studded with monuments of
vanished empires. A broad crescent
from Shahjahanabad and Kotla Firoz
Shah, south to Tughlaqabad and the
Qutub with tombs of Safdarjung and
Lodhis as well as Jantar Mantar in the
foreground could be viewed from the
site.
Image Source (Image 1 and Image 2): http://www.indiansecretsrevealed.com/rashtrapati-bhavan-trip/
Image 1
Image 2
Image 2
17. The Secretariat
•
•
•
•
The Secretariat Building was designed by
architect Herbert Baker in Indo-Saracenic Revival
architecture.
Much of the building is in classical architectural
style, yet it incorporated Mughal and Rajasthani
architecture style and motifs in its architecture.
These are visible in the use of Jali.
Another feature of the building is a dome-like
structure known as the Chatri.
Image 1
• The style of architecture used
in Secretariat Building is
unique to Raisina Hill. In front
of the main gates on buildings
are the four "dominion
columns", given by Canada,
Australia, New Zealand and
South Africa.
Image 3
Image Source (Image 1 and Image 2): http://www.indiansecretsrevealed.com/secratariat-building-trip/
Image Source (Image 3): http://www.postcolonialweb.org/india/art/architecture/colonial/seccomplex/column1.html
Image 2
19. The Parliament House
•
The Parliament Hous was designed by Edwin
Lutyens and Herbert Baker.
•
It was built with indigenous materials and by
Indian labour and the architecture of the
building bears a close imprint of the Indian
tradition.
•
The layout of fountains both inside and
outside the building, the use of Indian
symbols, the "Chhajjas” and the varied forms
of "Jali" in marble are reminders of the story
of the craftsmanship displayed in ancient
monuments and memorials.
21. THE PRINCELY STATES
• Starting from India Gate, at the
lowest and eastern end of Rajpath,
nearby land was allocated to
numerous princely states, each of
which built small palaces, such as
the Bikaner House (now the
Rajasthan tourism office) and Jaipur
House (now the National Gallery of
Modern Art).
• It might be said that this placement
mirrored the British sentiments
toward the princes, who lost much
of their former power and status
during the British Raj. Here, too, are
the state Bhavans (houses), where
you can taste the cuisine of each
state.
Image Source: http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/of-princes-palaces-and-plush-points/article1-707274.aspx
22. THE HYDRABAD
HOUSE
The largest of all palaces in New Delhi — a building that suited the status of the Nizam of
Hyderabad. Designed by Edwin Lutyens. The majestic mansion had 36 rooms.
Lutyens designed Hyderabad House in the shape of a butterfly — a plan that he had first
used for Papillon Hall in Leicestershire in 1903.
The main architectural feature of Hyderabad House is a dome with an entrance hall
beneath which symmetrical wings radiate at an angle of fifty-five degrees. Its round arches
flanked by rectangular openings to the height of the impost was inspired by the Pantheon
in Rome, a city where Lutyens stayed in 1909. For the first floor windows of the grand place,
Lutyens chose a combination of rectangular and round arches that were inspired by the
Uffizi to the Arno in Florence.
The majestic building that boasts of courtyards, archways, obelisks, large flower containers,
grand stairways, marble fireplaces, fountains, had a pre-dominantly European character
with some Mughal motifs.
Image Source: http://www.panoramio.com/photo/5403445
23. THE BARODA
HOUSE
Situated next to Hyderabad House, is another magnificent building designed by Edwin
Lutyens. He designed the Baroda House on a train from Bombay in 1921, and it took
15 years to build it. The Gaekwad of Baroda , who was educated in England, wanted
his palace in New Delhi to be Anglo-Saxon in style.
The grand Baroda House was known for its terraces, grand corridors, cooling arcades,
beautiful gardens and well-ventilated salons and richly done up living rooms.
Gaekwad led a very westernised lifestyle.
Image Source: http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/of-princes-palaces-and-plush-points/article1-707274.aspx
24. THE PATIALA
HOUSE
Patiala House was formerly the palatial residence of the Maharaja of Patiala (in
Punjab). part of central vista, this building, built in the 1930s, has a central dome
with a butterfly layout, similar to other buildings o the Lutyens zone. Today it
houses the district Courts complex for New Delhi District. 'A double Vtoreyed
building, the central portion is emphasized with a domed pavilion on the terrace
and projection porchover the upper storey, there is a projecting chajja running
the entire length of the old building. It has seen interesting occupants ever since
the Maharaja vacated it.
Image Source: http://www.delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/doit_session/Session+Judge/Home/Delhi+District+Courts/Patiala+House
25. THE JAIPUR
HOUSE
Jaipur House (National Gallery of Modern Art) is located diametrically opposite Hyderabad
House. Like other princes’ residences, the building was also designed in the shape of a
butterfly with a central dome. But very few people know that it was British architect Charles
Blomfield, who designed the building. It was designed in a mix of neo-classical and Art Deco
style. The butterfly-shaped building has two symmetrical ‘wings’ radiating from the central
court.
Two similar wings radiate towards the back facing the gardens. The façade of this
comparatively austere palace is marked by two levels of small, vertical, slit-like windows. A
continuous sunshade or ‘chajja’ in redstone caps the entire façade. The building has arched
openings framed by Rajput columns.
Image Source: http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/of-princes-palaces-and-plush-points/article1-707274.aspx
26. Drawbacks
•
•
•
In this whole process almost no
attention was paid to the problems of
Old Delhi. Due to the creation of New
Delhi, Old Delhi experienced a 28%
surge in population from 1916-1926
resulting in the spilling over of the
population from inside the walled city
to the Paharganj area, whose
restructuring was later abandoned by
Lutyens due to resource constraints.
Also, no provision of housing was
premeditated for the large no. of
skilled and unskilled workers which
immigrated in for the construction
work of New Delhi.
This negligence of the planners
towards Old Delhi resulted in its
transformation to a large slum area
through deterioration and
dilapidation.
Image Source:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Lutyens'_proj
ected_Imperial_Delhi,_from_the_Encyclopedia_Britannica,_11t
27. References
Books:
David Gordon (2006) Planning Twentieth Century Capital Cities, : Routledge.
Robert Byron (1997) New Delhi, New Delhi: Asian Educational Services.
Lucy Peck (n.d.) Delhi: a thousand years of building.
Websites:
ARCHITECTURE OF DELHI - Delhi-city in conflict. 2013. [ONLINE] Available at: http://delhiarchitecture.weebly.com/delhi-city-in-conflict.html. [Accessed 12 October 2013].
Princes and Painters in Mughal Delhi » Design of Delhi: Edwin Lutyens. 2013. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://sites.asiasociety.org/princesandpainters/design-of-delhi-edwin-lutyens/. [Accessed 11 October
2013].
Changing Image of Lutyens Delhi | Archinomy. 2013. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/1158/changing-image-of-lutyens-delhi. [Accessed 12 October
2013].
New Delhi. 2013. [ONLINE] Available at: http://archnet.org/library/places/oneplace.jsp?place_id=2722&order_by=title&showdescription=1. [Accessed 15 October 2013].
Editor's Notes
Source of the entire image
We need an image + source
We need the source of this entire pattern in settlement vali image
We need sources for these images
I don’t get this part. Should It even be here?
The use oft eh supebrrhubabr‐red a dn be gei‐pinksandstonesforRashtrapatiBhavan is alsocredited to Lutyens.• But, he had actually opposed itinfavour of whitemarble as used in the TajMahal.• He could hardly have been aware thatin white hetoo would have built amausoleum.• In f tac,sandtsonewassuggest de by thegeological department, which got no credit
Lutyens Bungalow Zone (LBZ) is the area spread over 2,800-hectare area with bungalows (houses) for government officials and their administrative offices, during the British Raj. The zone stretches up to Lodhi Road in the south.
These four Dominion Columns which were presented by Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa were a gesture of friendship and unity among the Dominions within the British Empire. On top of each Column is a bronze ship symbolic of the Empire's ocean links and the emblem of each Dominions is marked on each Column.