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• Issue of scarcity of safe drinking water and
sanitation facilities and its effects on the settlements
in rural , slums and resettlement colonies in city.
• Lack of water and sanity facility , with no access to
potable water, unclean toilets and improper
disposal of waste.
• These problems being root cause of bad health and
the need to take some innovative actions for the
Sustainable Development of the Community.
• Need of integrated approach linking water,
sanitation and health which would improve the
quality of living of the entire community.
• A plan for community based management of water
, waste and sanitation will ensure the entire
community is benefited with equity and
sustainability.
ASSESSMENTOFWATER&SANITATIONINFACILITIESIN
ARESETTLEMENTCOLONY
• This literature examines the lowest level of level of the
colonial regime in the local government of Delhi (the
Delhi Municipal Corporation [DMC], the commissioner’s
office, the army, the Public Works Department [PWD],
the railway officials and its relation with the local
nobility, the merchants, and working people.
• The literature focuses on the question that is - what is
the place of technology in the liberation of the city
from the street sweeper? And how technology can
replace manual street sweeping.
• Modern technology is essential to reduce the time to
dispose the volume of refuse generated by the dense
urban populations.
•The study elaborates the fact that the then
constructed efficient sewerage system of Old Delhi i.e.
Chandni Chowk is unable to handle the recent out flow
of refuse by dense population due to various reasons.
THETECHNOLOGYOFSANITATIONINCOLONIAL
DELHI
REVIEWS](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/daribakalan-190927120633/75/Dariba-kalan-in-Chandni-chowk-Study-of-urban-services-20-2048.jpg)
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Dariba kalan in Chandni chowk - Study of urban services
- 1. HOUSING DRAINAGE SANITATION WATER SUPPLY URBAN SERVICESDARIBA KALAN Apurva Sinkar Anushkriti Barkha Sharma Debasish Mohapatra Disha Khanna Simran Purswani
- 2. 2 CONTENTS 1. HISTORYOFCHANDNICHOWK 2. DEMOGRAPHICSOFCHANDNICHOWK 3.TIMELINEOFPLANNINGAUTHORITIES 4. AIM ANDOBJECTIVE 5. SCOPEANDLIMITATIONS 6. METHODOLOGY 7. LITERATURESTUDY 8. CASESTUDY 9. STUDYAREA 10. ANALYSISOFISSUESANDINFERENCES 11. RECOMMENDATIONS 12. REFERENCES
- 3. 3 The site waspreferred because it was on a high land with natural resources available nearby. The construction of Red Fort began in 1639. From 1644 to 1658 Jama Masjid was built. (Source : Delhi Urban Arts Commission) Chandni Chowk was a tree-lined avenue with shops, residences etc. Next developed the commercial streets like Dariba Kalan(gold, silver) and Kinari Bazaar . By 1857 the city had grown into a self-sufficient urban hub of culture. HISTORY BUILDINGSHAHJAHANABAD–THE WALLED CITY
- 4. 4 • Built inthe 17th century for a population of 60,000 people, covering an area of approximately 7.12 square km(569 hectare) • It had a dense organic street pattern • Planned in a way such that different identified areas had specific use • The original layout changed with the onset of the British Raj • Even though the walled city underwent numerous changes between 1857 and 1947,the essence of the city remained intact. • The residences were characterized by havelis. • Later these were converted into localities, mechants took the ground floor for shops and converted first floors to residences. Residential Commercial Public/Semi-Public Others Park/Playgrounds Roads and Streets LAND-USE 31.8 % 11.7 % 23.1 % 17 % 7.5 % 8.9 % ORIGINALLAYOUTANDLANDUSE CHARACTERSTIC (Source : Survey of India) HISTORY
- 5. • Chandni Chowkwas the dominant axis of the Walled City, it ran through the middle of the walled city, from the Lahori Gate of the Red Fort to Fatehpuri Masjid • The original Chandni Chowk had octagonal chowks with a water channel running through the centre. Its wide boulevard with prestigious buildings and bazar created a vista between the magnificent Red Fort and Fatehpuri Mosque. • Over the years there has been massive degradation and deterioration of this magnificent boulevard, which has been mainly caused by over crowding, huge numbers of vendors, markets and trader, unauthorised construction and lack of control over all. (Source : http://www.tripmyways.com) CHANDNICHOWK 5HISTORY
- 6. 6 • The WalledCity, that was originally planned for a population of approximately 60,000, recorded the highest population of 4.2 lakh in 1961, which has been decreasing consistently ever since. • It went down to 3.50 lakh in 1991 and 2.35 lakh in 2001. • The majority started moving away from the core. The population has been declining mainly due to inroads of commercial activities, and deteriorating living conditions where even basic social and physical infrastructure is lacking. DEMOGRAPHICS
- 7. 7 • Near ParantheWali Gali, is the 17th century market of Dariba Kalan. The name of the market means the ‘street of the incomparable pearl’. During Mughal emperor Shah Jahan’s time, Dariba Kalan used to be lined with shops that sold all kinds of trinkets and precious stones. Today, it’s mostly known for beautiful silver jewellery priced much more affordably than you’d normally find in other Delhi markets. • Dariba Kalan — Chandni Chowk’s silver street — has been around since the time of the Mughals, adjacent to the equally ancient Kinari Bazaar, a market specialising in decorative borders for clothing. DARIBA KALAN
- 8. 8 1863 1892 18951901 1937 1962 1999 First Municipal Committee for Delhi was constituted. Waterworks at Chandrawal Plant opened. Chandni Chowk gets piped waterline. Construction of sewer line in Chandni Chowk began. Shajahanabad got electric lighting. Delhi Improvement Trust setup. Master Plan of Delhi notified. It suggested shifting 45 % population so as to decongest Old Delhi. Zonal Development Plan was notified for Zone A-The Walled City TRACINGHISTORYTHROUGHPLANNINGAUTHORITIES,MASTERPLANSANDZONALTIMELINES TIMELINE
- 9. 9 2001 2011 20212021 MPD-2001 proposes urban renewal of 2600 ha of old built up area, identifying it as ‘Special Area’ which has been divided into 4 Urban Renewal Areas namely (i) Walled City (ii) Karol Bagh (iii) Other Urban Renewal Areas (iv) Specific use zone areas The following strategies were proposed: i)Upgradation of social and physical infrastructure. ii)Revitalisation of residential area. The FAR allowed in the Special Area for reconstruction is as per plotted regulations, which is generally much less than existing. It recognized Dariba Kalan as Mixed use street. ZONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN • Delimitation of non- residential activity - to check the increasing commercialization and industrial units which are noxious and hazardous to be closed down. • Control for building / buildings within the use premises • Maximum ground coverage and FAR may be same as for residential plot in plotted development unless specified in special area regulations • Urban design schemes to be prepared for chowks including Dariba Kalan Shajahanabad Redevelopment Corporation was setup. Its main objectives were: • To improve civic amenities in the Walled City. • To promote re-use of old buildings for safe and appropriate purposes. • To formulate development plans and ensure proper implementation. • Enhance community involvement MBD 2021 recognized Old City as a ‘Special Area'. Its strategies were: • Surrender area under public facilities to be used under tradable F.A.R. • The street pattern to be reconstructed keeping it in link with metro station. • DDA to formulate ‘Special Area Building Regulations’ • Recognized Dariba Kalan as Commercial Street. TIMELINE
- 10. AIM • To studythe existing scenario of housing, its dialogue with commercial establishments and to identify the issues corresponding to the same. • To understand the existing water supply mechanism of the area and how the issues related to it affect the populace. • To identify the existing drainage patterns in the area and to study the effect of problems related to it on the overall living conditions. • To investigate the availability and condition of existing sanitation and sewerage infrastructure and to assess its implications on the sanitary conditions in the area. 10 OBJECTIVES • To assess the overall livability in Dariba Kalan lane of Old Delhi in terms of housing infrastructure and the gap between the availability and requirement of services related to drainage, sanitation and water supply . PROCESSES
- 11. SCOPE • The studyis limited up to a specific depth abutting the lane due to time constraint. • The analysis depends heavily on the responses from the stakeholders; with or without biases. • The analysis will be based on survey through a limited sample size due to resource and time constraint. • Limited availability of services related secondary data for Dariba. • Dependency on Town Hall for plans relating to the existing layout of services. 11 LIMITATIONS • A 350 metre long stretch of the Dariba Kalan lane extending upto 30 metres on both sides and a central area of 50 metre radial boundary from the entry point to Kinari Bazaar lane has been identified as the physical scope for the purpose of this study . PROCESSES
- 12. 12 Secondary Data-Overall BackgroundStudy Secondary Data- Theme specific Literature and Case Studies.(News-paper articles/Journals etc.) Preliminary Field Visit: study of existing scenario and identification of issues Inter-linking of issues between the four themes of study. Identification of Aims and Objectives, Definition of physical scope and limitations. Formulation of Questionnaire based on understanding from primary and secondary data. Pilot Survey Detailed Survey Inference and Analysis stakeholders targeted • Residents • Shopkeepers • Commuters/visitors • Town Hall officialsanalysis of gap between the existing and required infrastructure for housing, drainage, sanitation and water supply in the following cases:- • Present • In 2021 if Dariba Kalan is entirely a commercial street • In 2021 if the residential housing is revitalized in Dariba Kalan. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 13. 13SURVEY METHODOLOGY STAKEHOLDER RESIDENTSHOPKEEPER COMMUTER HOUSING/ BUILT STRUCTURE •Ownership and rental pattern •Obsolescence factor (building age) •Opinion on challenges faced •Hygiene and living conditions •Land use pattern •Ownership and rental pattern •Obsolescence factor (building age) •Opinion on challenges faced •Sanitary conditions •Legal status as per land use •Frequency of visiting the street based on the overall user convenience and appeal WATER SUPPLY (WS) •Coverage of WS connections •Extent of metering of connection •Continuity of WS •Alternate sources of WS •Efficiency of complaint redressal •Quality of water supplied •Coverage of WS connections •Extent of metering of connection •Continuity of WS •Alternate sources of WS •Efficiency of complaint redressal •Quality of water supplied • Number of public drinking water facilities •Quality of water supplied •Alternate sources of WS •Willingness to use Water ATMs
- 14. 14 STAKEHOLDER RESIDENT SHOPKEEPERCOMMUTER STORM WATER DRAINAGE •Coverage of storm water drainage network •Incidence of water logging/flooding •Frequency of incidence of related diseases •Efficiency of complaint redressal •Coverage of storm water drainage network •Incidence of water logging/flooding •Frequency of incidence of related diseases •Efficiency of complaint redressal •Incidence of water logging/flooding SEWERAGE AND SANITATION •Coverage of wastewater network service •Wastewater treatment mechanism •Efficiency of complaint redressal •Coverage and maintenance of toilets •Coverage of wastewater network service •Wastewater treatment mechanism •Efficiency of complaint redressal •Coverage and maintenance of public toilets •Efficiency of complaint redressal •Coverage and maintenance of public toilets SURVEY METHODOLOGY
- 15. LITERATURE ANDCASE STUDY: Sr. No. THEMEAUTHOR DETAILS NAME OF ARTICLE /PAPER/JOURNAL JOURNAL/ PUBLICATION YEAR PUBLISHED 1 Water Supply SANITATION - Handbook of Service Level Benchmarking MOUD 2 HOUSING - Chandni chowk & Kashmiri gate :Guidelines &Redevelopment strategies DUAC 2015 3 HOUSING A.K.Jain Regeneration & Renewal of Old Delhi ITPI 2004 4 HISTORY Mayank Manohar Chandni Choke stuck in a time warp TOI 2017 5 DRAINAGE Mayank Manohar and Paras Singh Delhi rains: Deja woe on capital’s roads TOI 2018 6 HOUSING Richi Verma Chandni Chowk revival plan receives fresh jolt TOI 2016 7 WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION Sakshi Saini Assessment of water & sanitation in facilities in a resettlement colony IWP 2009 15DATASOURCES
- 16. 16 Sr. No. THEME AUTHOR DETAILS NAME OFARTICLE /PAPER/JOURNAL JOURNAL/ PUBLICATION YEAR PUBLISHED 8 SANITATION Vijay Prashad The Technology of Sanitation in Colonial Delhi Cambridge University Press 2001 9 Land Rent DELHI RENT CONTROL ACT, 1958 MINISTRY OF LAW 1958 10 Water Supply, SANITATION, HOUSING Florian Steinberg Revitalization of Historic Inner-City Areas in Asia - Ha Noi ADB 2008 11 Water Supply, SANITATION, HOUSING Florian Steinberg Revitalization of Historic Inner-City Areas in Asia - Jakarta ADB 2008 12 Water Supply, SANITATION, HOUSING Florian Steinberg Revitalization of Historic Inner-City Areas in Asia - Manila ADB 2008 LITERATURE ANDCASESTUDY: DATASOURCES
- 17. HANDBOOKOFSERVICELEVELBENCHMARKINGBYMINISTRYOFURBANDEVELOPMENT (GOVERNMENTOFINDIA) 17 • SLB, asdescribed below, should be considered as benchmark for measuring, reporting and monitoring the performance and comparing inter and intra city level infrastructure. Sr. No. Indicators Benchmark Levels Water Supply 1 Coverage of WS connections (Population) 100% 2 Per capita availability of WS at Consumer end 135 Lpcd 3 Extent of metering of WS connections 100% 4 Extent of Non-Revenue Water 20% 5 Continuity of Water Supply 24 x 7 6 Efficiency of redressal of Customer complaints 80% 7 Quality of Water Supplied 100% 8 Cost recovery of in Water Supply Service 100% 9 Efficiency in collection of Water Supply Charge 90% Sr. No. Indicators Benchmark Levels Sewerage 1 Coverage of Wastewater network service 100% 2 Collection efficiency of Wastewater network 100% 3 Adequacy of Wastewater treatment capacity 100% 4 Quality of Wastewater treatment 100% 5 Extent of reuse & recycling of treated Wastewater 20% 6 Extent of cost recovery in Wastewater management 100% 7 Extent of redressal of Customer complaints 80% 8 Efficiency in collection of sewerage charges 90% 9 Coverage of toilets 100% REVIEWS
- 18. HANDBOOKOFSERVICELEVELBENCHMARKINGBYMINISTRYOFURBANDEVELOPMENT (GOVERNMENTOFINDIA) 18 • SLB, asdescribed below, should be considered as benchmark for measuring, reporting and monitoring the performance and comparing inter and intra city level infrastructure. Sr. No. Indicators Benchmark Levels Storm Water Drainage 1 Coverage of storm Water Drainage network 100% 2 Incidence of water logging/flooding 0 Solid Waste Management 1 Household level Coverage of solid waste management service 100% 2 Efficiency of Collection of municipal solid waste 100% 3 Extent of segregation of Municipal Solid Waste 100% 4 Extent of Municipal Solid Waste recovered /recycled 80% 5 Extent of scientific disposal of Municipal Solid Waste 100% 6 Extent of cost recovery in Solid Waste Management Service 100% 7 Efficiency of redressal of Customer Complaints 80% 8 Efficiency in collection of user charges 90% REVIEWS
- 19. 19 • Edge Redevelopment:Upgradation of physical urban environment, improvement of public transportation and other sustainable mobility modes • Adaptive Reuse: Restore and reuse historic buildings and facades, by redeveloping for activities like cultural centre, museum, exhibition space etc. while promoting and preserving the area’s traditional character • Redefining Urban Fabric: create wider by-lanes and promote a more livable community, provision of amenities, reduce congestion and free up space, redeveloping existing vacant and underused building stocks to achieve higher density and mixed uses • Inducing Urban Relief Spaces: revitalization of urban spaces, street widening, green spaces, awareness among people of disaster mitigation techniques • Redefining Mobility: curtail use of private vehicles and encourage use of para-transit along with promoting last mile connectivity. CHANDNICHOWK&KASHMIRIGATE:GUIDELINES& REDEVELOPMENTSTRATEGIES • Shajahanbad, once soul of the city, now has lost its charm completely. • Increasing problems of congestion in the area because of widespread commercial activities has led to poor living conditions with almost negligible access to good services. • The area has a major chunk of population involved in commercial activities, where the market deals in almost every commodity. • Revitalization of residential areas, improvement of roads and traffic, upgrading social and physical infrastructure are some of the factors that need much attention. • Huge amount of unauthorized construction and land use change has been seen in the area. • Chandni Chowk was the heart of the Walled City, it has octagonal chowks with water channels running through its centre. • Good practices like better street lighting, vendor markets, conversion of old food stalls to food plazas, basic renovation of old buildings, proper parking provisions are some of the ways which can be employed to improve the area and preserve its essence at the same time. REGENERATION&RENEWALOFOLDDELHI REVIEWS
- 20. 20 • Issue ofscarcity of safe drinking water and sanitation facilities and its effects on the settlements in rural , slums and resettlement colonies in city. • Lack of water and sanity facility , with no access to potable water, unclean toilets and improper disposal of waste. • These problems being root cause of bad health and the need to take some innovative actions for the Sustainable Development of the Community. • Need of integrated approach linking water, sanitation and health which would improve the quality of living of the entire community. • A plan for community based management of water , waste and sanitation will ensure the entire community is benefited with equity and sustainability. ASSESSMENTOFWATER&SANITATIONINFACILITIESIN ARESETTLEMENTCOLONY • This literature examines the lowest level of level of the colonial regime in the local government of Delhi (the Delhi Municipal Corporation [DMC], the commissioner’s office, the army, the Public Works Department [PWD], the railway officials and its relation with the local nobility, the merchants, and working people. • The literature focuses on the question that is - what is the place of technology in the liberation of the city from the street sweeper? And how technology can replace manual street sweeping. • Modern technology is essential to reduce the time to dispose the volume of refuse generated by the dense urban populations. •The study elaborates the fact that the then constructed efficient sewerage system of Old Delhi i.e. Chandni Chowk is unable to handle the recent out flow of refuse by dense population due to various reasons. THETECHNOLOGYOFSANITATIONINCOLONIAL DELHI REVIEWS
- 21. 21 • If dateof agreement/ commencement of construction: • Up to 31st Dec, 1949, rate of annual enhancement of rent will be 2% of the standard rent. • From 1st Jan, 1950 to 31st Dec, 1960, 4% annual enhancement. • From 1st Jan, 1961 to 31st Dec, 1970, 6% annual enhancement. • From 1st Jan, 1971 to 31st Dec 1995, 8% for residential premises; 10% for non-residential premises. • On and from 1st Jan, 1996, 8% for residential premises and 12% for non-residential premises. DELHIRENTACT,1955 • Under the DRCA 1958 the standard rent was defined in relation to the cost of the house and was fixed at 7.5-8.25% of the cost of construction of the house and the market price of land at the time of the commencement of construction of the house. • If the premises had been let out before 2 June, 1944, the standard rent was fixed in relation to the ‘basic rent’.’ If the basic rent exceeded Rs 600 an increase of 10% of the basic rent was permitted. • For premises constructed between 2 June, 1951 and 9 June, 1955 an exemption for seven years was allowed, while for premises constructed within five years of June 1955, the same exemption was granted. • In the case of premises other than residential premises, where the premises have been let out at any time before the 2nd day of June, 1944, the basic rent of such premises together with 15% of such basic rent, where the premises have been let out at any time on or after the 2nd day of June, 1944, if such rent per annum does not exceed twelve hundred rupees, the rent so fixed. • If such rent per annum exceeds Rs 1200, the rent so fixed together with 15%, of such rent. DELHIRENTACT,1958 • Rent Control Act of 1958 came into force on 9 February, 1959. The act was amended in 1976 and then again in 1988. REVIEWS
- 22. 22 Chandni Choke stuckin a time warp •This news is all about uneven development across the wards of Chandni chowk. •In spite of good amount provided to councilor every year under local area development fund, as a part of grand multi-agency plans to redevelop Chandni Chowk, but no such changes were observed with respect to infrastructure. •It has talked about the irresponsibility and mismanagement of departments responsible for leading development in wards of Chandni Chowk. Delhi rains: Deja woe on capital’s roads •It has talked about poor drainage in Chandni Chowk where no change in design leads to water logging which was showcased during heavy rain. •The deposition of slits on major drain networks, accumulation of waste along arterial drains was the result of misleading reports submitted by corporations. •The congestion in past few months has increased due to encroachments and mismanagement of development. •According to Abhimanyu Dalal, certain plans were finalized to improve the pedestrian by placing fire hydrants, water pipes, and cable services through tunnels underground. •But due to delay, there was no progress as a result the project transferred to Pradeep Sachdeva, Shahjanabad Redevelopment Corporation. Chandni ChowkRevivalPlan receivesfreshjolt IN NEWS
- 23. CASESTUDY 23 S.No. DescriptionKota Tua, Jakarta, Indonesia Manila Ha Noi 1 City Planning 1 Reason of Revitalization •Originated as Harbor settlement and considered as Historic icon •Out-migration •Demolished buildings, foul smelling canal and stagnant wastewater •Restoration as a historic district •Promotion of Tourism •Establishment as a functional city •Dilapidated condition of old structures •Lack of attention to old buildings & cultural relics •No sensitivity towards old architectural buildings
- 24. 2 . Objectiveof Revitalization •Restoring and modifying heritage buildings •Conversion of town into a new center of economic activity •research •Archaeological excavation •preparation of restoration plans site clearing and construction •Restoration of Architectural heritage. •Preservation of Natural environment, historical & cultural traditions •Preservation & restoration of Old city 3. Analysis of Issues Raised 3.1 Land Use Pattern Dominated by commercial buildings (78%) Mixed used pattern with dominance in commercial and institutional sector Dominated by Residential buildings, with increase in price value at 4.55% per year 3.2 Condition of Building Dilapidated and abandoned Dilapidated and abandoned Dilapidated and abandoned 24CASESTUDY
- 25. 3.3 Urban Infrastructure•Water supply •Sewerage and wastewater treatment •Solid waste Management •Drainage and flooding •Transport and Accessibility •Bus Rapid Transit •Air pollution •Water supply •Sewerage and wastewater treatment •Solid waste Management •Drainage and flooding •Clogging and backflow •No formal health centers and daycare facilities •improper educational faciliti es •Water supply •Sewerage & Drainage sys tem •Solid Waste Management •Transport Network •Electrical & Telecommunication Network •Air and Noise Pollution 3.4 Special analysis with respect to objective Local economy- 0.03% of Indonesia’s GDP, in spite of being CBD In spite of revenue generation activities, insufficient fund generation for maintenance of area’s heritage structure Insufficient Maintenance of Architectural & Heritage structures and Cultural relics 25CASESTUDY
- 26. 4 . Process/Initiatives 4.1Development plans Identification of- •Integrated area for development projects •Area with high development potential Zoning plan with respect to- Functions •Circulation •Building/settlement •Pedestrian •Green open space Conservation projects: •rehabilitation and restoration of historical structures •repair and fortification of gats and wall. •rehabilitation of parks, plazas and museums Development projects: •repair of public facilities •Restoration of traditional art and craft, cuisine. •Roads and pathways •Parking facilities Planning Historic city as: •Small-scale commercial • High- density residential area •Restoration of historical structures •Preservation of natural environment Planning Regulations: •Preservation Area •Restoration •Maximum height w.r.t. to fronting of streets •Open spaces 26CASESTUDY
- 27. 4.2 Construction/ Rehabilitation ofbasic Infrastructure •Upgrading water supply system •Sewerage- Construction of STP, facilitating neighborhood district •Drainage- to address current source of contamination •Adaptive reuse of heritage structures •Construction of new commercial and housing complexes •Collection vehicles and temporary dump sites with respect to SWM •Installation of new water supply lines. •Upgrading of electrical supply system, storm water drainage, sewerage system •Improvement of Solid waste management system •Drainage- addressing the clogging problem •Adaptive reuse of heritage structures •Construction of new commercial and housing complexes. Steps for development: • Prepared a development plan. • Acquisition/ purchasing of historic buildings, later used as offices. • Relocation of illegal settlers and property protection. • acquiring more land within Intramuros by the government and implementation of transfer of development right schemes. •Upgrading pedestrian and sidewalks and planned parking •Improvement in Infrastructure like underground cabling, establishing public transport system. •Improvement in Air quality •Improvement in water distribution system •Upgradation, operation & maintenance of sewerage & drainage system 27CASESTUDY Primary Secondary Tertiary
- 28. 5 Conclusion and Interventions •Regulatoryframework and intervention with stakeholder’s forum to develop a center of culture, heritage tourism and creative industry •Participation of private property owners, public property owners and private citizens. • upgradation and expansion of academic institutions. •Organizing events and activities to promote tourism. •Conservation activities for cultural properties. •Improvement in Urban infrastructure and services. •Privatization of water supply and distribution. •Improvised framework for implementation of land resource management technique. •Development of management instruments, economic development, resource mobilization and strategic action plans after detailed analysis of existing mechanism •Construction of new residential and commercial complex with regulation of construction, encouraging community public spaces. •Relocation of informal settlers •Reconstruction of residential, commercial, and cultural building and promoting mixed land use to promote local economy. •Participation of private and public property owners & private citizens •Improved maintenance of Cultural, heritage architectural structures. •Improved framework for development of land, resources and management. 28 Collective STP Area primary network Pond Outlet to Sea From STP to Primary network From housing To STP
- 29. LOCATION STUDY AREA INDIA DELHI Walled City– Chandni Chowk Showing macro level connectivity of Walled City precinct - Shajahanabad DELHI KEY MAP 29
- 30. CHANDNI CHOWK ASPART OF THE IDENTIFIED ‘SPECIAL AREA – ZONE A’ UNDER THE MASTER PLAN OF DELHI-2021 STUDY AREALAND USE MAP 30
- 31. 31STUDY AREA LEGEND –ZONE A – WALLED CITY ZONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN – ZONE A – WALLED CITY – CHANDNI CHOWK ROAD DARIBA KALAN UNDER RESIDENTIAL REDEVELOPMENT AREA DARIBAKALAN RED FORT
- 32. 32STUDY AREA WARD NO.84 N – CHANDNI CHOWK UNDER NORTH DELHI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION LEGEND
- 33. 33SURROUNDING DARIBA KALAN AERIAL VIEWOF THE SURROUNDING HERITAGE RICH CONTEXT AND CONNECTIVITY OF DARIBA KALAN CONNECTIVITY BY MASS PUBLIC TRANSIT MODES • well-connected by both the Red and Yellow Lines of the Metro. • extension of the Violet Line will form the Heritage Loop • Both passenger and freight movement is facilitated due to proximity to Old Delhi and New Delhi Railway Stations • DTC Bus Routes connect the Walled City mostly on the periphery
- 34. SCOPE 34 BHAGIRATH PLACE PHYSICAL EXTENTSOF DARIBA KALAN LANE UNDER THE SCOPE OF STUDY RED FORT OLD DELHI RAILWAY STATION TOWN HALL JAMA MASJID NAYA BAZAAR DARIBAKALAN ESPLANADEROAD 350 m long stretch extending upto 30 metres on both sides central node of 50 metre radial boundary from the entry point to Kinari Bazaar lane KHARI BAOLI HCSENMARG GURUDWARA CC METRO STATION CONNECTIVITY BY ROAD • Collector road widths vary from 15–18 m • Width of galis can vary from 6–9 m, some of them are as narrow as 2 m, forming physical barriers for traffic intermingling with pedestrians
- 35. 35STUDY AREA KEY PLAN indicatingDariba Kalan as a distributary street from Chandni Chowk main street LAYOUT PLAN OF DARIBA KALAN WITH SUB-LANES 350 m 5-6M MAINROAD CHANDNICHOWK CHANDNI CHOWK MAIN STREET DARIBA KALANDARIBA KALAN CHANDNICHOWK MAINSTREET DARIBAKALAN KINARI BAZAAR 30M30M
- 36. ANALYSIS OF EXISTINGSCENARIO 36
- 37. 37LAYOUTOFSURVEY AREA The surveymapping is conducted for 175m which constitutes the initialportion of the lane. ROADSECTIONS
- 38. • Otherthanthe specialityofDariba Kalaninsilverand gold,other activities takesplaceduring daytimebystreet vendorswhichalso occupiesthe space in lanesandcreates congestion. • it’s partof oneof the busylanesof olddense planning of ChandniChowk, its difficultto find spacefor such vendors.These activitiesrestrict cyclerickshaws also to cross through. 38OBSERVATION MULTIPLEACTIVITIES
- 39. PARKING 39 • No provisionfor parking for both, visitors and shop keepers. • Congestion on roads. • No space for vehicular movement after on road parking. • Difficulty in pedestrian movement in sub- lanes. • Due to haphazard parking difficulty in movement on main road during peak hours. OBSERVATION
- 40. 40 WATER SUPPLY AREA OF CONCERN •Quality of water • Availability / quantity of water • Impact of the above on living conditions • Leakages in spite of scarcity • Coping mechanisms for water shortages • Operations and maintenance – redressal mechanism SERVICES Depletion of ground water from wastage due to leakage Obsolete and inadequate maintenance Provision for public taps at regular interval. Issues with water quality Deteriorating condition of public taps Exposed piping system more prone to damage
- 41. 41 WATERSUPPLY • Primary Source: mostly piped drinking water system 2- 3 hours in the morning 2-3 hours in the evening some dependence on bottled water Secondary Source : borewells and gurudwara • Water Metering : Yes • Interruptions in water supply : frequent every month - for as long as 3-4 days • Water pipelines have not been replaced since 1980s and water is contaminated due to leaking sewers. • Water purifiers to treat drinking waters are being used. • MCD is responsible for maintenance, however, it is not noted. • Water quality inspection : None noted INFERENCESFROM QUESTIONNAIRE RESIDENTS: • Primary Source : bottled water – costs Rs 500 monthly • Secondary Source : gurudwara and metro • Reason: Quality of drinking water from Piyaus is not considered usable • Water quality inspection : None noted • Water ATMS : Willing to pay and Use • Complaints reported on water quality : None • Primary Source : Piyaus • No willingness to use drinking water from Piyaus • Water ATMS : Willing to pay and Use SHOPKEEPERS: VISITORS: Mapshowinglocation ofexistingPiyaus:
- 42. DRAINAGE AND SANITATION 42 AREAOF CONCERN • Adequacy of per capita availability of toilets • Loopholes in the existing storm water drainage pattern – water- logging hotspots • Loopholes in the existing sewerage infrastructure – choking hotspots • Coping mechanisms in case of choking or overflow • Operations and maintenance – redressal mechanism SERVICES Land use plan of OKHLA 1 Sub Drainage Zone Chandni Chowk Area Zone: Okhala Drainage Zone Soil: Banger Soil Type: Sewered zone, Combined sewage system Soil: Banger Soil Nearest treatment plant: Delhi Gate WWTP Capacity: 2.2 MGD Zoning of OKHLA 1 Sub Drainage Zone
- 43. DRAINAGE AND SANITATION 43 INFERENCES •Obsolete and inadequately maintained drainage system • Disposal of waste in open or in drains leading to clogging. • Poor and unhygienic sanitation facilities. • Lack of cleanliness in public facilities • No proper sanitation facilities for women. SERVICES
- 44. 44SANITATION &DRAINAGE Men toilet Ladiestoilet Manhole Location INFERENCES • The repairs, operation and maintenance of the sewerage system is with the MCD. • The Dariba Kalan road has an underground sewerage facility and the sewers are closely located but not well maintained. • All the residences have private toilet facilities with sit- down toilets and all the toilets are well connected to the sewerage system. • The number and location of the public toilets are less with poor in hygienic condition. • Nearest "pay and use" toilet is in the Chandni Chowk Metro Station. • Water clogs in every rainy season in entire lane for 2-5 hours on an average. Toilets: Males -2 nos. Female -1nos. (maintained by individual) Based on the survey conducted with the shopkeepers and visitors: Clogging point Men toilet
- 45. 45 HOUSINGINFRASTRUCTURE ALONGWITHCOMMERCIAL(SHOPS) • Housingtypologies ranging from havelis to bungalows and kothis between G+1 to G+3. • Condition of obsolescence, deteriorated living condition, danger of collapse. • Poor lighting and ventilation, extremely narrow access, high chances of stampede in case of hazard. • Encroachment due to trade activities. eg. Hoardings. • Reduced standard of livability, eg. encroachment and addition of catwalks joining built masses. • High density- prone to damage under seismic forces. AREAS OF CONCERN • Ownership • Land values and rental system • Obsolescence of structures • Encroachment • Overall living condition OBSERVATION
- 46. 46 HOUSINGINFRASTRUCTUREALONGWITHCOMMERCIAL(SHOPS) • Poor construction-support through hybrid materials. • Change in land use, increasing commercialization, leading to abandoning residential units and posing hazard. • Unregulated Multiple ownership affecting the maintenance of the structures. Rental systems: • A strong reflection of built typology of commercial shops below and residences above, it still continues the traditional system of rental known as “Pugree System”. 1. The pugree kirayadar system launched before independence to avoid excessive tax payment to British. The transfer was on verbal agreement wherein the tenant was given a slip of rent payment while payment were made in full to the landlord. 2. Almost all tenants have paid the entire market price of the property at the time of taking it on rent by way of pugree(amount paid at the time of entering rent). AREAS OF CONCERN • Ownership • Land values and rental system • Obsolescence of structures • Encroachment • Overall living condition OBSERVATION
- 47. 47 HOUSINGINFRASTRUCTUREALONGWITHCOMMERCIAL(SHOPS) narrow access minimallight - ventilation shops below houses Old, dilapidated structures-minimal maintenance OBSERVATION
- 48. 48 HOUSINGINFRASTRUCTUREALONGWITHCOMMERCIAL(SHOPS) • Number offamily members mostly high (in the range of 8-16 members) with very less living space and even lesser dedicated sleeping spaces - space constraint Ownership INFERENCESFROM Age of Buildings QUESTIONNAIRE • Mode of transport mostly people depend on public transport or 2-wheelers; few own 4-wheelers for which they pay parking charges as much as Rs.1500 per month RESIDENTS: • Total plot size per household ranges usually between 800 – 2000 sq.ft. ; however smaller sizes are more common • Total built-up area per household ranging between 1400 – 6000 sq.ft. out of which; residential =700 – 4000 sq.ft. , commercial (on rent) = 700– 2000 sq.ft. • Property taxes are mostly claimed as paid • No reported change in land use and mostly claimed as sanctioned; however the ownership was reported as disputed in a few cases. • Challenges faced in hierarchy of their reported ranking Family income mostly owned usually > 50 yrs mostly LIG Adequacy of living space Repair and maintenance Affordability parking
- 49. 49 HOUSINGINFRASTRUCTUREALONGWITHCOMMERCIAL(SHOPS) • Rental system Pugreesystem – Shops – Rs. 50-100 monthly – paid Rs 15,000 – Rs. 25,000 initially Godowns – Rs. 10-50 monthly ) however monthly rents as much as Rs. 1500 monthly also reported. • Annual rental increment Pugree system – none Others – 10% every 3 years Though the property value is very high, rents paid are comparatively very less. Ownership INFERENCESFROM Age of Buildings QUESTIONNAIRE • Mode of transport mostly people depend on public transport; however, usage of 4-wheelers and 2 wheelers is next dominant , for 4- wheelers pay parking charges as much as Rs.1500 per month SHOPKEEPERS: • Total plot size( = built up area) per shop ranges usually between 100 –250 sq.ft. ; however smaller sizes are more common • Property taxes are mostly claimed as paid (as much as Rs. 3000 annually) • No reported change in land use and mostly claimed as sanctioned. • Challenges faced in hierarchy of their reported ranking Adequacy of parking space Shop space Repair and maintenance affordability Annual turnover mostly rented usually > 50 yrs huge
- 50. 50 Indicators Housing WaterSupply Stromwater Drainage Sanitation and Sewerage Hygiene and Sanitary Conditions ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Redressal Mechanism ✓ ✓ ✓ Maintenance ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Obsolescence Factor ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Involvement of ULB ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Compliance with SLB ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Footfall ✓ ✓ ✓ Pressure due to Unauthorised Construction ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Accessibility and losses incurred in its absence ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Lighting and Ventilation ✓ ✓ Cost of Living ✓ ✓ ✓ Road Width ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Parking ✓ INTERLINKAGES
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- 52. 52PROPOSAL RECOMMENDEDPROPOSAL AT STREET LEVEL: 1.The entire lane of Dariba Kalan to be pedestrianized, allowing only non- motorized vehicles between 11:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. (peak hours); motorized vehicles and carriage vans to operate in the remaining slot (night and morning hours). 2. Proper signage, especially those indicating parking, drinking water facilities, public toilets and waste bins to be installed throughout the street. Signage indicating suggested location for parking (identified at the zonal level) of motorized vehicles to be installed at the entry of the street on both sides. 3. Provision of tactile surfacing (tiles) along the edges of the street to facilitate barrier-free movement. 4. Rehabilitation of stray animals. PEDESTRIANIZATION before after SIGNAGES
- 53. 53 5. Promotion ofa sense of ownership amongst the shopkeepers, by mandating that a minimum of 2 feet stretch (currently encroached) shall be stipulated for plantation. 6. Mandating a theme-based design for the hoardings of individual shops which shall compulsorily include the historical narrative of Dariba Kalan and the shops therein. This shall be executed as public participatory process involving the populace along with the authority. 7. A proposed brick red as the base color for the façade with grafitti to superimpose the dominating presence of ODUs in the street elevation. SINGULAR CHARACTER OF STREET TACTILE PAVING ENHANCED PLANTATION
- 54. 54PROPOSAL RECOMMENDEDPROPOSAL AT BUILT MASSLEVEL: 1. Removal of all physical encroachment (those hampering the street circulation, natural lighting and ventilation) be strictly enforced by the authority. 2. Identification of obsolete structures and ensure its renovation/retrofitting. 3. Ensuring the compliances for storage and warehousing facilities of shops. AT SERVICES LEVEL: WATER SUPPLY 1. Ensuring redesign, maintenance (eliminating leakage losses), drinking water quality check for the existing facility. 2 out of the 5 existing facilities to be replaced by Water ATMs. WATER POINT WATER ATM Location of Drinking water Location of Drinking Water which can be replaced as water ATM
- 55. AT SERVICES LEVEL: SANITATIONAND SEWERAGE 1. Ensuring maintenance and enclosure of the existing male public toilets/urinals. 2. Refurbishing and identifying(through signage and by the ULB) the only existing female public toilet. An additional facility to be added for the street as located in the map. 3. Replacing the obsolete exposed plumbing pipes and enhancing aesthetics of the same with grafitti or covering it through ducts in locations where more physical damage is anticipated. 55PROPOSAL RECOMMENDEDPROPOSAL MALE PUBLIC TOILETS SIGNAGE LOCATION OF MEN TOILET LOCATION OF LADIES TOILET MANHOLE LOCATION LOCATION OF MEN TOILET
- 56. 56DRAINAGE CLOGGING POINTS AT SERVICES LEVEL: STORMWATER 1.Increasing the number of collection chambers (with cast-iron cover) by interspersing new chambers in the existing layout in the identified clogging spots. This identification of exact location to be done on the basis of primary survey analysis of water logging in rainy season. 2. Replacing all existing covers of collection chambers with cast-iron grating covers. 3. Ensuring routine maintenance and cleaning of existing service by community engagement and sharing of responsibilities. C .I. COVERS C .I. COVERS
- 57. REFERENCES 57 MOUD, Handbook ofService Level Benchmarking.(online)p.6 . Available at:http://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Flyer.pdf DUAC, Chandni chowk & Kashmere Gate : Guide lines & Redevelopment strategies (online)p.13. Available at:http://e.duac.org/images/pdf/15.%20Kashmere%20gate.pdf Jain , A. (2004). Regeneration & Renewal of Old Delhi.ITPI.(online)p.10. Available at:http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ Saini , S.(2009) Assessment of water & sanitation in facilities in a resettlement colony. (online).p.26. Available at:http://www.indiawaterportal.org/sites/indiawaterportal.org/files/ Manohar , M. (2017). Chandni Chowk stuck in a time wrap.Times of India.(online).Available at : https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/chandni-choke-stuck-in-a-time- warp/articleshow Manohar ,M , Singh , P. (2018).Delhi rains: Deja woe on capital roads. Times of India. (online). Available at : https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/deja-woe-on-capitals-roads/ REFERENCES
- 58. REFERENCES REFERENCES 58 Prashad , V.(2001).The Technology of Sanitation in Colonial Delhi.Cambridge University Press. (online)p.43. Available at:https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/ article/ technology-of-sanitation-in-colonial-delhi/ Verma , R. (2016). Chandni chowk revival plan receives fresh jolt. Times of India.(online). Available at :https://www.google.co.in/amp/s/m.timesofindia.com/city/delhi/Chandni- Chowk- revival-plan-receives-fresh-jolt/amp_articleshow/53183874.cms BHUVAN. Available at:http://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in/bhuvan_links.php Census of India. Available at:http://censusindia.gov.in/