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Indo saracenic architecture
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- 2. What is Indo-Saracenic? Anarchitectural style movement by British architects in the late 19th century British India which drew elements from native Indo-Islamic and Indian architecture, and combined it with the Gothic revival and Neo-Classical styles favoured in Victorian Britain.
- 3. Development of theStyle • BEFORE 1857- European classical style (incorporating Greek and Roman Features such as columns, triangular pediments) employed for the public buildings: image as the holders of power and status and to distance themselves from the natives. • REVOLT OF 1857- India began to be ruled under the British crown: essential to legitimatize their rule and connect to the natives of the colonised land.
- 4. “In the publicbuildings put up by the Raj it was essential always to make visible Britain’s imperial position as ruler, for these structures were charged with the explicit purpose of representing empire itself. Since they wanted to legitimatize their rule, they decided to justify their presence by relating themselves to the previous rulers, the Mughals. The British deliberately kept Mughal princes in power so as to not to provoke Indian contempt and to further establish their connection to the Mughals. These princes were a vision of the future, but the British also needed them to be a representation of the past. And it worked.” -Sir Thomas Metcalf
- 5. St. George's Cathedral,Chennai (1815) Chepauk Palace, Chennai (1864) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._George's_Cathedral,_Chennai http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chepauk_Palace
- 6. Principal Characteristics • • • • • • • • • • Onion (Bulbous)Domes Overhanging Eaves Pointed Arches, Cusped Arches, or Scalloped Arches Vaulted Roofs Domed Kiosks Many Miniature Domes, or Domed Chhatris Towers or Minarets Harem Windows Open Pavilions Pierced Open Arcading
- 7. Leading Architects • • • • • • Robert FellowesChisholm Charles Mant Henry Irwin William Emerson George Wittet Frederick W. Stevens
- 8. Prominent Buildings • • • • • • Courts andother Civic Buildings Clock Towers Government Colleges and High School Buildings Railway Stations Art Galleries Palaces of the Indian Maharajas
- 9. Map showing thelocations of cities having Indo Saracenic style buildings in India http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/pdfs/
- 10. The Princely Statesand the British • From the middle of the 19th century, the British Crown became the guarantor of peace and commerce treaties. • The princely states were, watched over by British agents and their powers were limited to internal matters. • Change in lifestyle began to be reflected in their architecture as well - durbar halls, rooms for European guests were built, introduction of the dining and drawing rooms, fireplaces, marble fountains and statues. • New princely towns of Jaipur, Bikaner and Mysore most successful in negotiating this divide.
- 11. Amba Vilas Palace(19001910), Mysore • Henry Irwin • fluted pillars from the Red Fort in Delhi, onion domes from the Taj Mahal, Mughal tracery and European halls. Durbargadh Waghaji Palace (1882), Morvi •Indo-Venetian Gothic building •Saracenic domes and Rajput arches. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mysore_Palace,_India http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articl es&ArticleID=1006 Such palaces were a sophisticated political symbol of the imperial presence- outwardly Indian and built by Indian hands, the overall control stayed with the British.
- 12. SENATE HOUSE- MADRASUNIVERSITY • Constructed by Robert Chisholm between 1874 and 1879 • Inspired by the Byzantine and built in the Indo-Saracenic style.
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- 16. Turrets Stone columns withsculptured capital http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/pdfs/ Hindu iconography on the capital
- 17. Large clerestory circularopenings decorated with coloured glass http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/pdfs/
- 18. SECRETARIAT BUILDING, NEWDELHI http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretariat_Building,_New_Delhi
- 19. Secretariat Complex, NorthBlock. Delhi. 1930s Photograph by Medha Malik Kudaisya
- 20. Plan of theSecretariat along the Rajpath Two blocks of symmetrical buildings (North Block and South Block) on opposite sides of the great axis of Rajpath, and flanking the Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's House).
- 21. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretariat_Building,_New_Delhi •Designed to formtwo squares; broad corridors between different wings and wide stairways to the four floors. •Each building is topped by a giant dome, while each wing’s end with colonnaded balcony.
- 22. Photograph by MedhaMalik Kudaisya http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretariat_Building,_New_Delhi
- 23. Columns and colonnadedverandahs Photograph by Medha Malik Kudaisya http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretariat_Building,_New_Delhi Chattris & Chajjas in red sandstone
- 24. “The men whowill actually leave the impress of their hands on the material. These men have an art language of their own, a language which you can recognize but cannot thoroughly understand. For this reason an architect practicing in India should unhesitatingly select to practice in the native styles of art - indeed the natural art-expression of the men is the only art to be obtained in the country.” -Robert Fellowes Chisholm (1840-1915)
- 25. REFERENCES • Gupta, Narayani.Delhi Between two empires, 1803-1921. Delhi, 1986 • Irving, R G. Indian Summer: Lutyens, Baker and Imperial Delhi. New Haven, 1981. • Metcalf, T R. An Imperial Vision. Indian Architecture and Britain's Raj. Berkeley, 1989.
Editor's Notes
- #3 Saracenic was a term used by the ancient Romans to refer to people who lived in desert areas in and around the Roman province of Arabia, and who were distinguished from Arabs.
- #4 When the East India Company first came to India, the European classical style (incorporating Greek and Roman Features such as columns, triangular pediments) was followed for the public and other buildings to reflect their image as the holders of power and status and to distance themselves from the natives.
- #5 Indo-Saracenic architecture, although based mostly on political motives, kept both the British citizens living in India, as well as native Indians, content.It was a progressive move forward without the controversy that usually follows modernism.
- #13 considered to be one of the best and oldest examples of Indo-Saracenic architecture in India
- #14 it comprises of large two floor high central hall, 16m high, measuring approx. 50m by 15m, and has a capacity to seat 1600 people. though laid out as a simple rectangle, a strong variation in form is achieved on the sensitive lacing of the four towers on simple square projections that fall behind each of the side entrance porches.
- #17 tinier cupolas on octagonal drums pin the corners with a series of turrets lining the east and west sides. impressive double floor high verandas on the east and west faces are lined by stone columns with sculptured capitals bearing human figures and Hindu icons and support large horseshoe arches trimmed in stone.
- #18 the wall of the verandah facing the hall is broken by giant doors with large clerestory circular openings decorated by ornate geometrical patterns of coloured glass.the result is a finely proportioned mass with a high fenestrated lower portion, terminated by vertical solid masses that soar skywards.
- #19 Built in the 1910s by Herbert Baker
- #21 Two blocks of symmetrical buildings (North Block and South Block) on opposite sides of the great axis of Rajpath, and flanking the Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's House).
- #22 Designed to form two squares; broad corridors between different wings and wide stairways to the four floors and each building is topped by a giant dome, while each wings end with colonnaded balcony.Cream and red Dholpur sandstone from Rajasthan, with the red sandstone forming the base.
- #23 Dome-like structure known as the Chatri, a design unique to India, used in ancient times to give relief to travelers by providing shade from the hot Indian sun.
- #24 There are traces of classical style, with columns and colonnaded verandahs