Planning
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Planning involves determining objectives and goals in advance through intellectual thinking about the future. It bridges objectives and their attainment by stating how goals will be achieved and is a systematic process necessary for any business that properly utilizes resources through setting objectives, developing alternatives, selecting the best option, and implementing and following up on plans, while being limited by inaccurate information, costs, inflexibility and resistance to change.
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Planning
This document discusses various aspects of planning including definitions, types of planning processes, and differences between strategic and operational planning. It defines planning as "the management function that includes decisions and actions to insure future results." There are two main types of planning - strategic planning which establishes long-term direction and priorities, and operational planning which focuses on short-term goals and day-to-day activities. Strategic planning involves analyzing internal/external factors, setting goals and objectives, and identifying strategies, while operational planning develops detailed action plans and controls to implement strategic plans.
Planning
Planning is the process of determining objectives and deciding in advance how to achieve them. The document outlines the planning process, including establishing objectives, determining premises and alternatives, evaluating alternatives, selecting a course of action, formulating supporting plans, and reviewing. It also discusses types of plans like strategic and tactical plans. Effective planning focuses attention on objectives, reduces uncertainty, and provides direction to help organizations achieve their goals.
Planning
Planning involves deciding in advance what actions need to be taken to achieve organizational goals. It includes defining goals, developing strategies, and creating formal, long-term plans to coordinate work across an organization. There are different types of planning like informal short-term planning and formal long-term planning. Plans can be single-use, standing, or budgets. While planning brings benefits like reducing decision burden and ensuring consistency, it also has limitations such as inflexibility and becoming outdated over time. The planning process involves analyzing the environment, defining missions and objectives, forecasting assumptions, evaluating alternatives, and implementing and reviewing plans.
Types of planning
The document discusses different types of planning used in organizations, including strategic planning conducted by top management for long-term goals over 10 years, operational planning by lower management for current activities over 1 week to 1 year, and short-term planning for less than 2 years to keep the business running day-to-day. Formal plans are written while informal plans are conceived mentally, and standing plans are used repeatedly as routine plans while single-use plans address specific circumstances.
PLANNING & TYPES OF PLANNING
Planning is concerned with setting objectives, targets, and formulating plan to accomplish them. The activity helps managers analyse the present condition to identify the ways of attaining the desired position in future.
Pom ppt.
Planning is the first step of the management process and involves establishing objectives and analyzing limitations to achieve goals. It determines what should be done, how, by whom, where, and why. Planning has several advantages like facilitating management by objectives, minimizing uncertainties, and improving employee morale. However, planning also has limitations such as potentially reducing creativity and being time-consuming. Effective planning involves management participation, realistic targets, and starting on a small scale. The planning process includes securing information, determining alternative plans, selecting an optimal plan, and establishing derivative plans.
Planning
Planning is an important management function that involves determining goals and actions in advance. There are several types of planning including operational, strategic, tactical, and contingency planning. The planning process typically involves 6 main steps: 1) determining objectives, 2) establishing planning premises, 3) selecting the best plan from alternatives, 4) timing and sequencing operations, 5) estimating future events, and 6) follow up actions. Planning helps provide direction, reduce risk and uncertainty, and guide decision making in organizations.
Planning..
The document discusses various concepts related to planning including:
1. Planning involves establishing goals and determining a course of action to achieve those goals through decision making.
2. There are different types of plans like strategic, tactical, and operational plans developed at the corporate, business, and functional levels.
3. Effective planning is goal-oriented, flexible, comprehensive, and economical. Barriers to planning include external factors and resistance to change.
Recommended
Planning
This document discusses various aspects of planning including definitions, types of planning processes, and differences between strategic and operational planning. It defines planning as "the management function that includes decisions and actions to insure future results." There are two main types of planning - strategic planning which establishes long-term direction and priorities, and operational planning which focuses on short-term goals and day-to-day activities. Strategic planning involves analyzing internal/external factors, setting goals and objectives, and identifying strategies, while operational planning develops detailed action plans and controls to implement strategic plans.
Planning
Planning is the process of determining objectives and deciding in advance how to achieve them. The document outlines the planning process, including establishing objectives, determining premises and alternatives, evaluating alternatives, selecting a course of action, formulating supporting plans, and reviewing. It also discusses types of plans like strategic and tactical plans. Effective planning focuses attention on objectives, reduces uncertainty, and provides direction to help organizations achieve their goals.
Planning
Planning involves deciding in advance what actions need to be taken to achieve organizational goals. It includes defining goals, developing strategies, and creating formal, long-term plans to coordinate work across an organization. There are different types of planning like informal short-term planning and formal long-term planning. Plans can be single-use, standing, or budgets. While planning brings benefits like reducing decision burden and ensuring consistency, it also has limitations such as inflexibility and becoming outdated over time. The planning process involves analyzing the environment, defining missions and objectives, forecasting assumptions, evaluating alternatives, and implementing and reviewing plans.
Types of planning
The document discusses different types of planning used in organizations, including strategic planning conducted by top management for long-term goals over 10 years, operational planning by lower management for current activities over 1 week to 1 year, and short-term planning for less than 2 years to keep the business running day-to-day. Formal plans are written while informal plans are conceived mentally, and standing plans are used repeatedly as routine plans while single-use plans address specific circumstances.
PLANNING & TYPES OF PLANNING
Planning is concerned with setting objectives, targets, and formulating plan to accomplish them. The activity helps managers analyse the present condition to identify the ways of attaining the desired position in future.
Pom ppt.
Planning is the first step of the management process and involves establishing objectives and analyzing limitations to achieve goals. It determines what should be done, how, by whom, where, and why. Planning has several advantages like facilitating management by objectives, minimizing uncertainties, and improving employee morale. However, planning also has limitations such as potentially reducing creativity and being time-consuming. Effective planning involves management participation, realistic targets, and starting on a small scale. The planning process includes securing information, determining alternative plans, selecting an optimal plan, and establishing derivative plans.
Planning
Planning is an important management function that involves determining goals and actions in advance. There are several types of planning including operational, strategic, tactical, and contingency planning. The planning process typically involves 6 main steps: 1) determining objectives, 2) establishing planning premises, 3) selecting the best plan from alternatives, 4) timing and sequencing operations, 5) estimating future events, and 6) follow up actions. Planning helps provide direction, reduce risk and uncertainty, and guide decision making in organizations.
Planning..
The document discusses various concepts related to planning including:
1. Planning involves establishing goals and determining a course of action to achieve those goals through decision making.
2. There are different types of plans like strategic, tactical, and operational plans developed at the corporate, business, and functional levels.
3. Effective planning is goal-oriented, flexible, comprehensive, and economical. Barriers to planning include external factors and resistance to change.
Ppt of planning
Planning involves determining in advance what actions need to be taken to achieve goals. It is goal-oriented, continuous, and looks ahead to anticipate the future. The main steps in the planning process are to define the task, identify resources, consider alternatives, create the plan, implement the plan, and evaluate. Planning provides direction, reduces risk and uncertainty, and guides decision-making. Challenges to planning include lack of information, time/costs, resistance to change, and inability to plan. There are different levels of planning including corporate, divisional/departmental, and group/sectional planning at different management levels in an organization.
Planning
Planning is an essential management function that provides direction. It involves setting objectives, developing assumptions about the future, identifying alternative courses of action, evaluating alternatives, selecting a plan, implementing it, and following up. While planning reduces risks and promotes efficiency, it can also lead to rigidity and is time-consuming. Effective planning provides direction, facilitates decision-making, establishes performance standards, and reduces uncertainty, overlapping activities, and costs. However, plans may not guarantee success due to issues in implementation or changes in the dynamic business environment.
Planning in management
Planning involves defining goals, strategies, and coordinated plans. It determines what to do, how, when, and by whom. Planning establishes objectives, assesses current status, identifies gaps, and develops hierarchical plans. It is goal-oriented, continuous, flexible, and involves choosing between alternatives. Planning provides direction, coordination, risk reduction, and facilitates control and decision-making. However, plans may create rigidity and not account for a dynamic environment. Effective planning requires top management support, participation, communication, and integration of plans.
Organizing as a function of management
This document discusses organizing as a function of management. It defines organizing and explains that it involves sub-dividing and grouping activities. Organizing becomes necessary when more than one person works together to achieve common objectives. The document then discusses the nature and purpose of organization, including specialization, orientation towards goals, and continuity. It also outlines the steps in the organizing process and discusses formal and informal organization structures. Finally, it covers different types of organizational structures like bureaucratic, functional, divisional, and matrix structures.
Planning tools and technique
Techniques for Assessing the Environment
List three different approaches to environmental scanning.
Explain what competitor intelligence is and ways that managers can do it legally and ethically.
Describe how managers can improve the effectiveness of forecasting.
Techniques for Allocating Resources
List the four techniques for allocating resources.
Describe the different types of budgets.
Tell what a Gantt chart does.
Explain a load chart.
Types of planning
The document discusses different types of planning based on breadth, time frame, specificity, and frequency of use. Strategic plans apply to the entire organization and establish long term goals, while operational plans cover shorter time periods and specific operational areas. Plans can also be categorized as long term versus short term based on duration, and as specific versus directional based on the level of definition. Additionally, single-use plans are designed for unique situations while standing plans provide ongoing guidance for repeated activities.
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Organisation Structure
The document defines organizational structure and organizational design. It discusses the key elements of organizational design including work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization and decentralization, and formalization. It then covers the purposes of organizing and different types of departmentalization. The document also discusses mechanistic versus organic organizational structures and how contingency factors like strategy, size, technology, and environmental uncertainty influence organizational design decisions.
Planning in management
This document discusses various aspects of planning in management. It outlines the key managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading/directing, and controlling. Planning involves determining future actions, including what will be done, how it will be done, and when. Important aspects of planning include providing direction, reducing risks and uncertainties, and establishing standards for control. The document also discusses types of plans like objectives, strategies, programs, budgets, policies, procedures, methods, and rules. It outlines the steps and characteristics of strategy formulation, including determining objectives, SWOT analysis, and consistency with the internal and external environment. Policy formulation and evaluation of strategies are also summarized.
Planning and Organizing Skills
This two-day training program provides an overview of planning and organizing skills. Day one covers the fundamentals of management, planning, and applying a six-step planning process. Day two focuses on the definition and key elements of organizing, as well as delegation. Interactive activities are used to apply planning and organizing concepts to the National Integrated Policy Management Operations (NIPMO) work environment. The training aims to help participants effectively plan and manage resources through goal setting, strategy development, and monitoring outcomes.
Planning : Management Function
Planning is a systematic process of analyzing opportunities to achieve agreed upon business objectives by evaluating alternatives and selecting courses of action. It is goal-oriented, forward-looking, and continuous. Effective planning provides direction, coordination, and a framework for decision-making to increase organizational effectiveness and efficiency. It is a prerequisite for success in today's competitive environment.
planning
The document discusses various aspects of planning including the nature, purpose, importance, forms, types, and steps involved in the planning process as well as its limitations. It describes planning as an intellectual process that helps managers set goals and make decisions. The key forms of planning discussed are strategic planning which is long-term and done at higher levels, and tactical planning which is short-term and done at lower levels. Important steps in planning include establishing goals, assumptions, alternative courses of action, evaluation and selection of the best course. Limitations include the time and cost of planning as well as difficulties maintaining flexibility.
Principles of management planning
Planning is an essential function of management that involves determining goals and methods for achieving them. The document discusses strategic planning and operational planning. Strategic planning focuses on long-term organization-wide goals, while operational planning focuses on short-term goals and implementation methods at the manager level. A case study example demonstrates a pharmaceutical company undertaking a long-term, formal, proactive operational planning process to enter the obesity drug market. Key steps included gathering market data, analyzing opportunities and risks, formulating a multi-year business plan, and implementing and monitoring progress according to the plan.
Co ordination.ppt
Coordination involves harmonizing all activities of an organization to facilitate its working and success. The key principles of coordination include direct personal contact, early coordination during planning, reciprocity between interdependent factors, and continuity as an ongoing process. Coordination is a basic management responsibility that requires unity of purpose and continuous effort, especially in group work. Effective coordination techniques include sound planning, simplified organization structures, committees to address interdepartmental issues, self-coordination through horizontal communication, effective leadership and communication, and use of the chain of command. Barriers to coordination can arise from issues like competition, threats to autonomy, disagreements, differing expectations, lack of trust, perceived costs and benefits, unilateral actions, staff turnover, and poor
Plannning and Types of planning
This document provides an overview of different types of planning, their advantages, and limitations. It discusses strategic planning which covers long term goals over 3-5 years, and operational planning which focuses on short term goals under one year. Planning has advantages like facilitating management by objectives, minimizing uncertainties, improving coordination, and encouraging innovations. However, planning can also be costly, time consuming, provide a false sense of security given uncertainties, and be challenging with rapid changes. The document aims to educate on various aspects of organizational planning.
Types of managers, Managerial roles and skills
The document discusses the different types and roles of managers. It describes top managers who make organization-wide decisions, middle managers who oversee first-line managers, and first-line managers who directly manage non-managerial employees. Ten managerial roles are identified relating to interpersonal relationships, information transfer, and decision-making. Managerial skills include technical skills for job tasks, human skills for working with people, and conceptual skills for strategic thinking.
Planning in Management
Planning in ManagementWe Learn - A Continuous Learning Forum from Welingkar's Distance Learning Program.
Planning is an essential function of management. Effective planning results in early achievement of objectives.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAcTypes of plans
types of plans, standing plan, single use plans, objectives, strategy, policy, procedure, rule, method, programme, budget
Organizing in management
The document discusses the concepts of organizing and organization. It defines organizing as identifying and grouping work to be performed, delegating responsibility and authority, and establishing relationships to enable efficient work. An organization differentiates tasks among specialized units and integrates their work. Key aspects of an organization include a group working toward common objectives, division of labor, cooperative efforts, communication, central authority, rules, and a dynamic element. A sound organizational structure facilitates administration, encourages growth and innovation, ensures optimal resource use, and continuity of the enterprise. The organizing process involves identifying activities, grouping them, assigning duties, and delegating appropriate authority.
Principles of Management Lec-2
Planning is the process of envisioning a desired future and determining effective ways to achieve important goals. It involves setting objectives, considering alternative approaches, and selecting the best course of action. Planning helps organizations function effectively by establishing guidance, utilizing resources efficiently, and coordinating activities. Key steps in the planning process include establishing objectives, developing assumptions about the future environment, evaluating alternatives, and selecting a plan.
Pedagogía progresista
La educación tradicional se critica por ser demasiado rígida y centrada en la memorización, mientras que la pedagogía progresista promueve una enseñanza más activa centrada en los intereses del estudiante. Sin embargo, la educación tradicional también tiene aspectos positivos cuando es llevada a cabo por buenos maestros y cuando enfrenta a los estudiantes con modelos que los inspiran a desarrollarse. Cualquier enfoque educativo debe evaluarse de manera crítica para mejorar continuamente.
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La pedagogía y la andragogía son dos disciplinas educativas diferentes. La pedagogía se enfoca en la enseñanza de niños y considera al maestro como el centro del proceso de aprendizaje. La andragogía, por otro lado, estudia la educación de adultos y ve al facilitador como un orientador que promueve la autonomía y participación del estudiante adulto. Algunas de las principales diferencias entre estas disciplinas son que la pedagogía utiliza métodos más autoritarios mientras que la andragogía fomenta un lider
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Ppt of planning
Planning involves determining in advance what actions need to be taken to achieve goals. It is goal-oriented, continuous, and looks ahead to anticipate the future. The main steps in the planning process are to define the task, identify resources, consider alternatives, create the plan, implement the plan, and evaluate. Planning provides direction, reduces risk and uncertainty, and guides decision-making. Challenges to planning include lack of information, time/costs, resistance to change, and inability to plan. There are different levels of planning including corporate, divisional/departmental, and group/sectional planning at different management levels in an organization.
Planning
Planning is an essential management function that provides direction. It involves setting objectives, developing assumptions about the future, identifying alternative courses of action, evaluating alternatives, selecting a plan, implementing it, and following up. While planning reduces risks and promotes efficiency, it can also lead to rigidity and is time-consuming. Effective planning provides direction, facilitates decision-making, establishes performance standards, and reduces uncertainty, overlapping activities, and costs. However, plans may not guarantee success due to issues in implementation or changes in the dynamic business environment.
Planning in management
Planning involves defining goals, strategies, and coordinated plans. It determines what to do, how, when, and by whom. Planning establishes objectives, assesses current status, identifies gaps, and develops hierarchical plans. It is goal-oriented, continuous, flexible, and involves choosing between alternatives. Planning provides direction, coordination, risk reduction, and facilitates control and decision-making. However, plans may create rigidity and not account for a dynamic environment. Effective planning requires top management support, participation, communication, and integration of plans.
Organizing as a function of management
This document discusses organizing as a function of management. It defines organizing and explains that it involves sub-dividing and grouping activities. Organizing becomes necessary when more than one person works together to achieve common objectives. The document then discusses the nature and purpose of organization, including specialization, orientation towards goals, and continuity. It also outlines the steps in the organizing process and discusses formal and informal organization structures. Finally, it covers different types of organizational structures like bureaucratic, functional, divisional, and matrix structures.
Planning tools and technique
Techniques for Assessing the Environment
List three different approaches to environmental scanning.
Explain what competitor intelligence is and ways that managers can do it legally and ethically.
Describe how managers can improve the effectiveness of forecasting.
Techniques for Allocating Resources
List the four techniques for allocating resources.
Describe the different types of budgets.
Tell what a Gantt chart does.
Explain a load chart.
Types of planning
The document discusses different types of planning based on breadth, time frame, specificity, and frequency of use. Strategic plans apply to the entire organization and establish long term goals, while operational plans cover shorter time periods and specific operational areas. Plans can also be categorized as long term versus short term based on duration, and as specific versus directional based on the level of definition. Additionally, single-use plans are designed for unique situations while standing plans provide ongoing guidance for repeated activities.
Planning
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5 steps of planning process
the five step planning process
types of planning in management
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examples of planning in management
examples of middle level managers
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types of development planning
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the five step planning process
project planning steps
financial planning steps
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the five step planning process
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Organisation Structure
The document defines organizational structure and organizational design. It discusses the key elements of organizational design including work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization and decentralization, and formalization. It then covers the purposes of organizing and different types of departmentalization. The document also discusses mechanistic versus organic organizational structures and how contingency factors like strategy, size, technology, and environmental uncertainty influence organizational design decisions.
Planning in management
This document discusses various aspects of planning in management. It outlines the key managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading/directing, and controlling. Planning involves determining future actions, including what will be done, how it will be done, and when. Important aspects of planning include providing direction, reducing risks and uncertainties, and establishing standards for control. The document also discusses types of plans like objectives, strategies, programs, budgets, policies, procedures, methods, and rules. It outlines the steps and characteristics of strategy formulation, including determining objectives, SWOT analysis, and consistency with the internal and external environment. Policy formulation and evaluation of strategies are also summarized.
Planning and Organizing Skills
This two-day training program provides an overview of planning and organizing skills. Day one covers the fundamentals of management, planning, and applying a six-step planning process. Day two focuses on the definition and key elements of organizing, as well as delegation. Interactive activities are used to apply planning and organizing concepts to the National Integrated Policy Management Operations (NIPMO) work environment. The training aims to help participants effectively plan and manage resources through goal setting, strategy development, and monitoring outcomes.
Planning : Management Function
Planning is a systematic process of analyzing opportunities to achieve agreed upon business objectives by evaluating alternatives and selecting courses of action. It is goal-oriented, forward-looking, and continuous. Effective planning provides direction, coordination, and a framework for decision-making to increase organizational effectiveness and efficiency. It is a prerequisite for success in today's competitive environment.
planning
The document discusses various aspects of planning including the nature, purpose, importance, forms, types, and steps involved in the planning process as well as its limitations. It describes planning as an intellectual process that helps managers set goals and make decisions. The key forms of planning discussed are strategic planning which is long-term and done at higher levels, and tactical planning which is short-term and done at lower levels. Important steps in planning include establishing goals, assumptions, alternative courses of action, evaluation and selection of the best course. Limitations include the time and cost of planning as well as difficulties maintaining flexibility.
Principles of management planning
Planning is an essential function of management that involves determining goals and methods for achieving them. The document discusses strategic planning and operational planning. Strategic planning focuses on long-term organization-wide goals, while operational planning focuses on short-term goals and implementation methods at the manager level. A case study example demonstrates a pharmaceutical company undertaking a long-term, formal, proactive operational planning process to enter the obesity drug market. Key steps included gathering market data, analyzing opportunities and risks, formulating a multi-year business plan, and implementing and monitoring progress according to the plan.
Co ordination.ppt
Coordination involves harmonizing all activities of an organization to facilitate its working and success. The key principles of coordination include direct personal contact, early coordination during planning, reciprocity between interdependent factors, and continuity as an ongoing process. Coordination is a basic management responsibility that requires unity of purpose and continuous effort, especially in group work. Effective coordination techniques include sound planning, simplified organization structures, committees to address interdepartmental issues, self-coordination through horizontal communication, effective leadership and communication, and use of the chain of command. Barriers to coordination can arise from issues like competition, threats to autonomy, disagreements, differing expectations, lack of trust, perceived costs and benefits, unilateral actions, staff turnover, and poor
Plannning and Types of planning
This document provides an overview of different types of planning, their advantages, and limitations. It discusses strategic planning which covers long term goals over 3-5 years, and operational planning which focuses on short term goals under one year. Planning has advantages like facilitating management by objectives, minimizing uncertainties, improving coordination, and encouraging innovations. However, planning can also be costly, time consuming, provide a false sense of security given uncertainties, and be challenging with rapid changes. The document aims to educate on various aspects of organizational planning.
Types of managers, Managerial roles and skills
The document discusses the different types and roles of managers. It describes top managers who make organization-wide decisions, middle managers who oversee first-line managers, and first-line managers who directly manage non-managerial employees. Ten managerial roles are identified relating to interpersonal relationships, information transfer, and decision-making. Managerial skills include technical skills for job tasks, human skills for working with people, and conceptual skills for strategic thinking.
Planning in Management
Planning in ManagementWe Learn - A Continuous Learning Forum from Welingkar's Distance Learning Program.
Planning is an essential function of management. Effective planning results in early achievement of objectives.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAcTypes of plans
types of plans, standing plan, single use plans, objectives, strategy, policy, procedure, rule, method, programme, budget
Organizing in management
The document discusses the concepts of organizing and organization. It defines organizing as identifying and grouping work to be performed, delegating responsibility and authority, and establishing relationships to enable efficient work. An organization differentiates tasks among specialized units and integrates their work. Key aspects of an organization include a group working toward common objectives, division of labor, cooperative efforts, communication, central authority, rules, and a dynamic element. A sound organizational structure facilitates administration, encourages growth and innovation, ensures optimal resource use, and continuity of the enterprise. The organizing process involves identifying activities, grouping them, assigning duties, and delegating appropriate authority.
Principles of Management Lec-2
Planning is the process of envisioning a desired future and determining effective ways to achieve important goals. It involves setting objectives, considering alternative approaches, and selecting the best course of action. Planning helps organizations function effectively by establishing guidance, utilizing resources efficiently, and coordinating activities. Key steps in the planning process include establishing objectives, developing assumptions about the future environment, evaluating alternatives, and selecting a plan.
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La educación tradicional se critica por ser demasiado rígida y centrada en la memorización, mientras que la pedagogía progresista promueve una enseñanza más activa centrada en los intereses del estudiante. Sin embargo, la educación tradicional también tiene aspectos positivos cuando es llevada a cabo por buenos maestros y cuando enfrenta a los estudiantes con modelos que los inspiran a desarrollarse. Cualquier enfoque educativo debe evaluarse de manera crítica para mejorar continuamente.
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La pedagogía y la andragogía son dos disciplinas educativas diferentes. La pedagogía se enfoca en la enseñanza de niños y considera al maestro como el centro del proceso de aprendizaje. La andragogía, por otro lado, estudia la educación de adultos y ve al facilitador como un orientador que promueve la autonomía y participación del estudiante adulto. Algunas de las principales diferencias entre estas disciplinas son que la pedagogía utiliza métodos más autoritarios mientras que la andragogía fomenta un lider
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Organizing involves bringing structure and order to activities, resources, and relationships within an organization to achieve goals. It involves dividing work into jobs and grouping jobs into departments. The key steps in organizing are dividing work, grouping jobs into departments, establishing authority relationships, and coordinating activities. An important part of organizing is establishing a structure that includes job design, departmentation, span of control, and delegation of authority.
Controlling
Controlling is the process of ensuring actual activities match planned activities and involves measuring performance, comparing it to standards, and taking corrective actions when needed. It helps managers monitor the effectiveness of planning, organizing, and leading. Control is a pervasive and dynamic process that is forward-looking, action-oriented, and reviews past activities to facilitate effective supervision, better decision-making, coordination, and decentralization of authority.
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This document discusses various types of planning including strategic, operational, corporate, and functional planning. It outlines the key differences between these types of planning such as the activities covered, time periods, approaches, and importance. Strategic planning focuses on long-term goals and objectives while operational planning guides day-to-day operations. Planning allows organizations to anticipate the future, coordinate activities, improve employee morale, and achieve economies. However, planning can also be costly, time-consuming, and fail to account for rapid changes. The document concludes by discussing advantages of strategic management over strategic planning.
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1) Planning involves selecting objectives and actions to achieve them through decision making about future courses of action. It requires determining what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who will do it.
2) Planning is a goal-oriented, intellectual process that establishes direction and guides decision making. It is forward-looking, continuous, and integrated across management levels.
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Planning is setting objectives and targets and formulating an action plan to achieve them. It bridges the gap between the present position and the future desired position. Planning involves deciding in advance what is to be done in the future and selecting objectives, policies, and programs. Effective planning has well-defined objectives, is simple, comprehensive, flexible, achieves objectives at minimum cost, and involves participation of all concerned. Management by objectives is a process where managers set goals with their superiors to be achieved in the upcoming period and is evaluated periodically. It aims to clarify job expectations and relate individual performance to organizational goals.
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The document discusses various aspects of planning including:
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- The key steps in planning are: establishing goals, planning premises, defining key areas, finding alternative courses of action, evaluating/selecting a course, developing derivative plans, and measuring/controlling progress.
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1. Planning is a primary management function that establishes the basis for coordinating efforts, reducing uncertainty, and setting goals and standards to guide decision-making.
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Planning is the primary function of management and involves deciding in advance what should be done. It bridges the gap between where an organization currently is and where it wants to go. There are various types of planning including strategic, tactical, long-term, medium-term, and short-term planning. Planning provides focus, avoids waste, and ensures efficiency. Some limitations include uncertainty and potential rigidity. Key elements in planning include objectives, strategies, policies, and budgets. Tools that assist with planning include Porter's Five Forces model and SWOT analysis.
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Planning
- 1. PLANNING
- 2. Planning means deciding in advance what is to be done An intellectual process of thinking before doing A process in which the manager looks to the future Planning leads the enterprise towards clearly specified objectives with clearest possible view of future. .
- 3. It states how the goals & objectives of the organization are to be achieved Planning bridges the gap between objectives of the enterprise and its attainment. Systematic planning is necessary for any business activity Proper planning is essential for effective utilization of resources including human resources
- 4. Steps in planning Setting the objectives Develop planning premises Determine alternative course of planning Selecting the best alternative Formulating derivative plans Implementation of plans Follow up
- 5. Limitations of planning Lack of accurate information Time and cost Inflexibility Limited scope Resistance to change