Plagiarism refers to the act of taking someone else's work or ideas and presenting them as one's own, which is considered literary theft and is legally protected under copyright laws. Common forms include copying text without credit, using images or music without permission, and failing to properly cite sources. To avoid plagiarism, individuals should understand its implications, plan their work, keep precise notes, and consistently cite sources properly.

1. PLAGIARISM
MEANING:
ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING:
It is derived from latin word “ plagiarius ” which means kidnapper,
seducer, plunderer, one who kidnaps the child or slave of another.
Literally, it means literary theft.
GENERAL MEANING:
Plagiarismis the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them
off as one's own.
SPECIFIC MEANING:
Plagiarism is the "wrongful appropriation" and "stealing and publication" of another authors "language,
thoughts, ideas, or expressions" and the representation of them as one's own original work.
ACCORDING TO THE MERRIAM-WEBSTER ONLINE DICTIONARY, TO
"PLAGIARIZE" MEANS
 to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
 to use (another's production) without crediting the source
 to commit literary theft
 to present as new and original an idea or product derivedfrom an existingsource
In other words, plagiarism isan act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone else's work and lying
about it afterward.
BUT CAN WORDS AND IDEAS REALLY BE STOLEN?
According to U.S. law, the answer is yes. The expression of original ideas is considered intellectual
property and is protected by copyright laws, just like original inventions.Almost all forms of

2. expressionfall under copyright protection as long as they are recorded in some way (such as a book
or a computer file).
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLAGIARISM:
 turning in someone else's work as your own
 copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
 failingto put a quotation in quotation marks
 giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
 changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit
 copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work,
whether you give credit or not (see our section on "fair use" rules)
Most cases of plagiarism can be avoided, however, by citing sources. Simply acknowledging that
certain material has been borrowed and providing your audience with the information necessary to
find that source is usually enough to prevent plagiarism. See our section on citation for more
information on how to cite sources properly.
WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC?
Using an image, video or piece of music in a work you have produced without receiving proper
permission or providing appropriate citation is plagiarism. The following activities are very common
in today’s society. Despite their popularity, they still count as plagiarism.
 Copyingmedia(especially images)fromotherwebsites topaste themintoyourownpapers or
websites.
 Making a videousingfootage fromothers’ videos orusingcopyrighted musicaspart of the
soundtrack.
 Performinganotherperson’s copyrighted music(i.e., playingacover).
 Composingapiece of musicthat borrows heavily fromanothercomposition.
Certainly, these media pose situations in which it can be challenging to determine whether or not
the copyrights of a work are being violated. For example:
 A photograph or scan of a copyrighted image (forexample:usingaphotograph of a book coverto
representthatbook onone’swebsite)
 Recordingaudioorvideoinwhichcopyrighted musicorvideoisplayinginthe background.

3.  Re-creatingavisual work inthe same medium. (forexample:shootingaphotograph thatusesthe
same composition andsubjectmatterassomeone else’sphotograph)
 Re-creatingavisual work ina differentmedium(forexample:makingapaintingthatclosely
resembles anotherperson’s photograph).
 Re-mixingoralteringcopyrighted images, videooraudio, evenif done soinan original way.
The legality of these situations, and others, would be dependent upon the intent and context within
which they are produced. The two safest approaches to take in regards to these situations is:
1) Avoid them altogether or
2) Confirm the works’ usage permissions and cite them properly.
What is the Problem with Plagiarism?
• Does not give due credit to contributions to a discipline
• Does not allow the author (plagiarizer) to show her true understanding about the state of
knowledge in a given field 7
• It often damages one’s academic and professional career
• It is dishonest, and betrays the trust of one’s readers
Tips for Avoiding Plagiarism
• Be aware of what plagiarismis
• Plan your research and writing ahead, and work on it gradually over time 9
• Take careful research notes
-Begin notes with full citation of source
- Mark direct quotations (“…”) and note page numbers in source
– Check your paraphrasing against the source Tips for Avoiding Plagiarism
• In the paper itself:
– Quotations: Use them if the source’s own words are forceful and convey meaning well 10 –
Any phrases/sentences you take from a source must:
• Have quotation marks around them
• Cite the source’s page number(s) at the end of the sentence with the direct quotation Tips
for Avoiding Plagiarism
• In the paper itself:

4. – Paraphrasing: Use your own words and your own structure 11
– Cite the work at the beginning of your summary of it (e.g., Shunda (2006) studies X and finds
Y…)
– Cite the source’s page number(s) at the end of your paraphrasing PlagiarismResources
Online
• Academic Integrity at UNC-Chapel Hill:
– http://integrity.unc.edu/resources.html
– Large list of links to plagiarismquizzes, tutorials.
Plagiarism Resources Online
• AcademicIntegrityatUNC-Chapel Hill:–http://integrity.unc.edu/resources.html –Large listof linksto
plagiarismquizzes,tutorials,andtipsondetectingandavoidingplagiarism12
• DianaHacker’sResearchand DocumentationOnline: –http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/ –
Examplesof variouscitationstylesandsample papersforeach
THANKYOUMAM
FROMSHRUTI ARYA