This document describes various types of herbal and Ayurvedic formulations used in traditional Indian medicine. Some key formulations mentioned include decoctions (kvatha), powders (churna), pastes (kalka), oils (taila), medicated ghee (ghrita), pills/tablets (vatika, gutika), bhasmas (calcined metals), and rasa formulations (containing minerals). The document provides examples of common formulations for each type.

1. AYURVEDIC/HERBAL FORMULATION
1.Asavas & Arista are the medicinal preparations processed by soaking the drugs in the
powdered form or in the form of their decoction. e.g.:- Kumariasava Madhukasava
Punarnavasava
2. Arka It is the liquid preparation obtained by distillation of certain crude drugs soaked in
water using the distillation unit. e.g..:- Ajmodarka Karpurady Jatamansyarka
3. Avaleha or Leha and Paka Avaleha or leha is a semisolid preparation of drugs prepared
by addition of sugar, jaggery (gur) or sugar candy and boiled with prescribed drug-juice or
decoction. e.g.:- Kutajavaleha Draksavaleha
4. Kvatha (decoction) This is prepared by boiling the crude drug in water. e.g.:-
5. Churna Fine powder of drug or drugs is known as churna. e.g.:- Triphala churna Trikatu
churna Drakshadi churna
6. Dravaka The liquid preparation obtained from lavans or ksharas are known as dravaka.
e.g.:- Sankha-dravaka
7. Ksharas Alkaline substances obtained from the ash of drugs are known as Ksharas. e.g.:-
Apamarga Ksara Palasa Ksara
8. Lepa The preparation in the form of paste meant for external application on the body is
known as Lepa. e.g.:- Sinduradi lepa Pathyadi lepa
9. Vatika & Gutika Medicaments in the form of tablet or pills are known as Vatika and
Gutika. e.g.:- Gandhaka vati Lasunadi gutika
10. Netrabindu & Anjana Netrabindu is processed by dissolving the specified crude drugs in
water or kasava or honey and used as eye drops. Anjana are very fine powders of
medicaments to be applied with netrasalaka e.g.:- Muktadi mahanjana Chandroday vartti
11. Sattava Water extractable solid substance obtained from a drug is known as Sattava.
e.g.:- Guduchi sattava
12. Pisti It is obtained by triturating the drug with the specified liquid and exposing the same
to sun or moon light. e.g.:- Praval pisti Mukta pisti Manikya pisti
13. Ghrita (Snehkalpa) Ghritas are the preparations in which ghee is boiled with the
prescribed quantity of the decoction (Kasava) and fine paste (Kalka) of the drug as specified
in formula. e.g.:- Asoka ghrita Nirgundi ghrita
14. Taila (Medicated oils) They are called sneha kalpa/paka and prepared by cooking oil
with the juice or the decoction and paste of drugs. e.g.:- Bhringaraja taila Maha NArayan
taila Laghu Visagarbha taila
15. Bhasma The powdered form of the substance obtained by calcination of metals,
minerals or animal product by a special process in a closed crucibles. e.g.:- Tamra-bhasma
Godanta bhasma Pravala bhasma

2. 16. Rasa- Yoga The medicinal preparation containing mineral drugs as their main
ingredients, in the form of powder or pills. e.g.:- Karpura-rasa Icchabhedi-rasa Tribhuvana
kirti-rasa
17. Kupipakva Rasayana The mineral and drugs of metallic origin in the powdered form are
mixed together and placed in glass flask occupying about 1/3rd of the volume. e.g.:- Rasa
karpura Rasa sindura Makaradhvaja
18. Fant (fanta) These are prepared by pouring hot water over the dry crude drugs.
19. Nikandha The residue or marc obtained in kadha or kashaya is treated with boiling
water and strained. The filtrate thus obtained is known as Nikatha.
20. Ghana-saar The decoction obtained in the preparation of Kadha or Nikandha is further
evaporated to semi-solid mass is known as Ghana-saar.
21. Kalka When fresh or dry crude drug is powdered and pounded with water hot or cold to
give a very fine paste then it is termed kalka.
22. Swarasa When the kalka is pressed between the palm of the hand or is expressed
through the layers of cloth to produce a thick juice, then it is called swaras.
23. Parpati kalpas The mineral herbal drugs are processed by special technique of roasting
and are converted into flattened scales or thin layers.
24. Siddha-milks The drops obtained by burning medicinal substances like roots or fruits or
wicks impregnated with medicinal extracts are allowed to fall in boiling milk and are
thoroughly mixed by stirring. The drops getting mixed with milk are enriched with medicinal
activity.
25. Kajjali An amalgum used in ayurvedic system of medicine as a vehicle for other
medicines is prepared by mixing equal quantity of mercury ans sulphur.
26. Matras Highly potent, stick like preparations are known as Matras.
27. Nassyas These are the nasal preparations and may be very fine powder, aqueous or oily
preparations.
28. Praash They are semisolid preparations like jams. These are highly palatable
preparations used for refreshing or rejuvination of the body.