I explain plainly what is salami silcing, a practice of fragmenting single research into as many publications as possible. Salami publishing and hazards
Redundant, Duplicate and Repetitive publications are the most important concerns in the scientific research/literature writing. The occurrence of redundancy affects the concepts of science/literature and carries with it sanctions of consequences. To define this issue is much challenging because of the many varieties in which one can slice, reformat, or reproduce material from an already published study. This issue also goes beyond the duplication of a single study because it might possible that the same or similar data can be published in the early, middle, and later stages of an on-going study. This may have a damaging impact on the scientific study/literature base. Similar to slicing a cake, there are so many ways of representing a study or a set of data/information. We can slice a cake into different shapes like squares, triangles, rounds, or layers. Which of these might be the best way to slice a cake? Unfortunately, this may be the wrong question. The point is that the cake that is being referred to, the data/ information set or the study/findings, should not be sliced at all. Instead, the study should be presented as a whole to the readership to ensure the integrity of science/technology because of the impact that may have on patients who will be affected by the information contained in the literature/findings. Redundant, duplicate, or repetitive publications occur when there is representation of two or more studies, data sets, or publications in either electronic or print media. The publications can overlap partially or completely, such that a similar portion, major component(s), or complete representation of a previously/simultaneous ly or future published study is duplicated.
SALAMI SLICING: The slicing of research publication that would form one meaningful paper into several different papers is known as salami publication or salami slicing. Unlike duplicate publication, which involves reporting the exact same data in two or more publications, salami slicing involves breaking up or segmenting a large study into two or more publications. These segments are called slices of a study. As a general rule, as long as the slices of a broken-up study share the same hypotheses, population, and methods, this is not acceptable in general practice. The same slice should never be published more than once at all. According to the United States Office of Research Integrity (USORI), salami slicing can result in a distortion of the literature/findings by leading unsuspecting readers to believe that data presented in each salami slice (journal article) is derived from a different subject sample/source. Somehow this practice not only skews the scientific database but it creates repetition to waste reader's time as well as the time of editors and peer reviewers, who must also handle each paper separately.
In academia, the pressure to publish is high and the competition intense. This can lead authors to follow unethical publication practices, such as salami slicing, duplicate publication, and simultaneous submission. This slide deck explains these malpractices and shares tips on how authors can avoid them.
Redundant, Duplicate and Repetitive publications are the most important concerns in the scientific research/literature writing. The occurrence of redundancy affects the concepts of science/literature and carries with it sanctions of consequences. To define this issue is much challenging because of the many varieties in which one can slice, reformat, or reproduce material from an already published study. This issue also goes beyond the duplication of a single study because it might possible that the same or similar data can be published in the early, middle, and later stages of an on-going study. This may have a damaging impact on the scientific study/literature base. Similar to slicing a cake, there are so many ways of representing a study or a set of data/information. We can slice a cake into different shapes like squares, triangles, rounds, or layers. Which of these might be the best way to slice a cake? Unfortunately, this may be the wrong question. The point is that the cake that is being referred to, the data/ information set or the study/findings, should not be sliced at all. Instead, the study should be presented as a whole to the readership to ensure the integrity of science/technology because of the impact that may have on patients who will be affected by the information contained in the literature/findings. Redundant, duplicate, or repetitive publications occur when there is representation of two or more studies, data sets, or publications in either electronic or print media. The publications can overlap partially or completely, such that a similar portion, major component(s), or complete representation of a previously/simultaneous ly or future published study is duplicated.
SALAMI SLICING: The slicing of research publication that would form one meaningful paper into several different papers is known as salami publication or salami slicing. Unlike duplicate publication, which involves reporting the exact same data in two or more publications, salami slicing involves breaking up or segmenting a large study into two or more publications. These segments are called slices of a study. As a general rule, as long as the slices of a broken-up study share the same hypotheses, population, and methods, this is not acceptable in general practice. The same slice should never be published more than once at all. According to the United States Office of Research Integrity (USORI), salami slicing can result in a distortion of the literature/findings by leading unsuspecting readers to believe that data presented in each salami slice (journal article) is derived from a different subject sample/source. Somehow this practice not only skews the scientific database but it creates repetition to waste reader's time as well as the time of editors and peer reviewers, who must also handle each paper separately.
In academia, the pressure to publish is high and the competition intense. This can lead authors to follow unethical publication practices, such as salami slicing, duplicate publication, and simultaneous submission. This slide deck explains these malpractices and shares tips on how authors can avoid them.
Ethical research and publication practices are essential for honest scholarly and scientific research. Most journals today are keenly aware of this: they publish policies on these issues and expect authors to “be aware of, and comply with, best practice in publication ethics”.This article discusses two widespread and related publishing practices that are considered unethical—duplicate publication and simultaneous submission. It draws on definitive international publication ethics guidelines.
This is a presentation I gave to the Research Coordinators in the Federal Ministry of Health, Sudan (04.03.2015).
It included the following topics:
• Overview on the Knowledge Management Cycle and how research fits in it
• Brief historical background on research ethics
• What makes research ethical?
• Definition and examples of scientific misconduct
• How to make your research ethical and avoid scientific misconduct?
Selective Reporting and Misrepresentation of DataSaptarshi Ghosh
Research integrity means conducting research according to the highest professional and ethical standards, so that the results are trustworthy.
It concerns the behavior of researchers at all stages of the research life-cycle, including declaring competing interests; data collection and data management; using appropriate methodology; drawing conclusions from results; and writing up research findings.
It may be very important to realize that there is a wide spectrum of severity of research misconduct. On lesser level/scale are practices such an intentionally failing to cite the work of competitors, and citing our own work more frequently than necessary. Similarly, changing the white threshold of an image to clean up the background must not be done, because it alters the original data, but it is treated a mild sin in academics and research. On the other end of the scale is generation of data by just making up numbers, or generating false images by duplicating/altering/re-labeling other one's fabricated literature/research/findings While determining the severity of the misconduct, or whether it is misconduct at all, it is important to determine the degree of intent, although this is not always easy for all. Most of the figures in the research papers are comprised of many similar looking parts, whether they might be photomicrographs, gels and blots. Flow cytometer plots, or traces from a patch-clamp amplifier. It can therefore possible for someone to inadvertently grab the same image file twice, leading to a duplicated and wrongly labeled part of a figure. On the other hand, if many duplications are found in the figures in a particular literature/paper, and they also involve rotations, differential cropping, or mirror images, and if similar anomalies are also apparent in other works by the same authors, deliberate falsification or fabrication is much more likely.
With lots of pressures to publish the research/findings, and the availability of image processing software, the temptation to cut corners and artificially generate the desired result has never been greater work. Thousands of examples can be found in records on the post-publication peer review site PubPeer <https://pubpeer.com. However, although sites such as this can alert readers to concerns about research papers, and can provide very strong evidence. They don't provide proof of intent, or reveal which of the authors on multi-author papers bears responsibility. For this activity, action is required to be taken either by the authors themselves or through the establishment of an inquiry by their institution/university/organization. For the last couple of years or so, most of the research journals have explicitly stated in their guidelines to authors what kinds of image manipulation are acceptable, and which are not at all.
Predatory Publications and Software Tools for IdentificationSaptarshi Ghosh
Journals that publish work without proper peer review and which charge scholars sometimes huge fees to submit should not be allowed to share space with legitimate journals and publishers, whether open access or not. These journals and publishers cheapen intellectual work by misleading scholars, preying particularly early career researchers trying to gain an edge. The credibility of scholars duped into publishing in these journals can be seriously damaged by doing so. It is important that as a scholarly community we help to protect each other from being taken advantage of in this way.
Open Access (OA) is a system provide access to knowledge resources with free of cost and other restrictions. This PPT answer to the questions what, why, types, benefits etc. and also describes the creative commons licensing, concept of predatory journals, open access journals, and Sharpa RoMeO.
Elsevier's Scopus.com upgraded the Journal Analyzer with Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP), which measures a source's contextual impact, and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), which measures the scientific prestige of scholarly sources.
These indicators will be applied to all journals indexed by Scopus and will be freely available to both subscribers and non-subscribers @ scopus.com and www.journalmetrics.com
Ethical research and publication practices are essential for honest scholarly and scientific research. Most journals today are keenly aware of this: they publish policies on these issues and expect authors to “be aware of, and comply with, best practice in publication ethics”.This article discusses two widespread and related publishing practices that are considered unethical—duplicate publication and simultaneous submission. It draws on definitive international publication ethics guidelines.
This is a presentation I gave to the Research Coordinators in the Federal Ministry of Health, Sudan (04.03.2015).
It included the following topics:
• Overview on the Knowledge Management Cycle and how research fits in it
• Brief historical background on research ethics
• What makes research ethical?
• Definition and examples of scientific misconduct
• How to make your research ethical and avoid scientific misconduct?
Selective Reporting and Misrepresentation of DataSaptarshi Ghosh
Research integrity means conducting research according to the highest professional and ethical standards, so that the results are trustworthy.
It concerns the behavior of researchers at all stages of the research life-cycle, including declaring competing interests; data collection and data management; using appropriate methodology; drawing conclusions from results; and writing up research findings.
It may be very important to realize that there is a wide spectrum of severity of research misconduct. On lesser level/scale are practices such an intentionally failing to cite the work of competitors, and citing our own work more frequently than necessary. Similarly, changing the white threshold of an image to clean up the background must not be done, because it alters the original data, but it is treated a mild sin in academics and research. On the other end of the scale is generation of data by just making up numbers, or generating false images by duplicating/altering/re-labeling other one's fabricated literature/research/findings While determining the severity of the misconduct, or whether it is misconduct at all, it is important to determine the degree of intent, although this is not always easy for all. Most of the figures in the research papers are comprised of many similar looking parts, whether they might be photomicrographs, gels and blots. Flow cytometer plots, or traces from a patch-clamp amplifier. It can therefore possible for someone to inadvertently grab the same image file twice, leading to a duplicated and wrongly labeled part of a figure. On the other hand, if many duplications are found in the figures in a particular literature/paper, and they also involve rotations, differential cropping, or mirror images, and if similar anomalies are also apparent in other works by the same authors, deliberate falsification or fabrication is much more likely.
With lots of pressures to publish the research/findings, and the availability of image processing software, the temptation to cut corners and artificially generate the desired result has never been greater work. Thousands of examples can be found in records on the post-publication peer review site PubPeer <https://pubpeer.com. However, although sites such as this can alert readers to concerns about research papers, and can provide very strong evidence. They don't provide proof of intent, or reveal which of the authors on multi-author papers bears responsibility. For this activity, action is required to be taken either by the authors themselves or through the establishment of an inquiry by their institution/university/organization. For the last couple of years or so, most of the research journals have explicitly stated in their guidelines to authors what kinds of image manipulation are acceptable, and which are not at all.
Predatory Publications and Software Tools for IdentificationSaptarshi Ghosh
Journals that publish work without proper peer review and which charge scholars sometimes huge fees to submit should not be allowed to share space with legitimate journals and publishers, whether open access or not. These journals and publishers cheapen intellectual work by misleading scholars, preying particularly early career researchers trying to gain an edge. The credibility of scholars duped into publishing in these journals can be seriously damaged by doing so. It is important that as a scholarly community we help to protect each other from being taken advantage of in this way.
Open Access (OA) is a system provide access to knowledge resources with free of cost and other restrictions. This PPT answer to the questions what, why, types, benefits etc. and also describes the creative commons licensing, concept of predatory journals, open access journals, and Sharpa RoMeO.
Elsevier's Scopus.com upgraded the Journal Analyzer with Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP), which measures a source's contextual impact, and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), which measures the scientific prestige of scholarly sources.
These indicators will be applied to all journals indexed by Scopus and will be freely available to both subscribers and non-subscribers @ scopus.com and www.journalmetrics.com
Dr. Patrick Bradshaw presents an overview of his program, Sensory Information Systems, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
This presentation shows you what, how, and why in scientific publication in conference proceedings. IEEE and SPIE are discussed. The use and abuse of proceedings for duplicate publications and self citation is heavily discussed.
A Review- Basic of Laser and Its Role in Periodontics: Part Iiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. WHAT IS SALAMI SLICING
Salami is a meat product, like a sausage.
We love to slice it thinly to many pieces.
Although many slices, they are still a salami
In publication, one can create many papers from one single idea or experiment
The practice of fragmenting single research into as many publications as possible
3. SALAMI SLICING
Scientific salami slicing is the practice of fragmenting single coherent bodies of
research into as many publications as possible
An author breaks up a study into two or more smaller published articles, they are
creating “slices” of their work.
A single research is divided into “slices,” each of which is a “least publishable unit.”
Authors do it to increase their publication count, to get more recognition, to achieve
self satisfaction, to achieve faster career progression, to receive more funding
4. WHY SALAMI SLICING
The desire to publish new results rapidly.
The desire of researchers to maximize their publication count, but limited conditions
of funding and university
Publish or perish climate
Overemphasis on the size of an individual's publication record as a means of
quantifying their research output
Rewards quantity over quality.
The volume of a researcher’s publication output is a criterion on which their scientific
accomplishment is judged.
6. TANSU SALAMI
Dr Tansu KÜÇÜKÖNCÜ from Turkey
Salami Article
“An Intelligent and Automatic Face Shape Prediction System From Fingerprints”
by Seref Sagiroglu and Necla Ozkaya
7. NECLA OZKAYA
Seref Sagiroglu, Necla Ozkaya
An Intelligent and Automatic Face Shape Prediction System From Fingerprints
Intelligent Automation and Soft Computing, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 309-317, 2011
DOI: 10.1080/10798587.2011.10643150
Şeref Sağıroğlu, Necla Özkaya,
“An intelligent face feature generation system from fingerprints”,
TÜBİTAK Elektrik, vol.17, no.2, 2009, 183-203
Necla Ozkaya, Seref Sagiroglu
Generating One Biometric Feature from Another: Faces from Fingerprints
Sensors 2010, 10, 4206-4237; doi:10.3390/s100504206
9. SALAMI SLICING: NELSON TANSUSurface plasmon dispersion engineering via double-metallic Au/Ag layers for nitride light-emitting diodes
10. SALAMI SLICING: NELSON TANSU
HOW DEEP IS YOUR QUANTUM WELL?
Gain characteristics of deep UV AlGaN quantum wells lasers
11. ENHANCEMENT OF LIGHT EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY OR
LIGHT EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT??
Ee, Y.-K., Kumnorkaew, P., Arif, R.A., Tong, H., Gilchrist, J.F., Tansu, N.2009. Light extraction efficiency
enhancement of InGaN quantum wells light-emitting diodes with polydimethylsiloxane concave
microstructuresOptics Express 17 (16), pp. 13747-13757
Ee, Y.-K., Kumnorkaew, P., Tong, H., Arif, R.A., Gilchrist, J.F., Tansu, N. 2009. Enhancement of light
extraction efficiency of InGaN quantum wells light-emitting diodes with polydimethylsiloxane concave
microstructures
Proceedings of SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering 7231, art. no. 72310U
12. SALAMI SLICING: NELSON TANSU
EFFICIENTLY EXTRACTING 2 PAPERS
Optimization of light extraction efficiency of III-nitride LEDs with self-assembled
colloidal-based microlenses
13. SALAMI SLICING:
NELSON TANSU
Abbreviated MOVPE nucleation of III-nitride light-emitting diodes on nano-patterned sapphire
Ee Yik-Khoon; Li Xiao-Hang; Biser Jeff; Tansu Nelson
Conference: 17th Amer Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/14th United States Biennial
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH Volume: 312 Issue: 8
Pages:1311-1315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.10.029 Published: APR
1 2010
Abbreviated GaN Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy Growth Mode on Nano-Patterned
Sapphire for Enhanced Efficiency of InGaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes
Author(s): Ee Yik-Khoon; Li Xiao-Hang; Biser Jeff; Tansu Nelson
Proceedings of SPIE Volume: 7617 Article Number: 76170G DOI: 10.1117/12.841503
14. SALAMI SLICING: NELSON TANSU
NOVEL GROWTH OF PAPERS
Zhao, H., Liu, G., Li, X.-H., Ee, Y.-K., HuaTong, Zhang, J., Huang, G.S., Tansu, N.2010
Novel growth and device concepts for high-efficiency InGaN quantum wells light-
emitting diodes
Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science
Conference: 2010 Laser Science to Photonic Applications, CLEO/QELS 2010 , art. no.
5501113
Tansu, N., Zhao, H., Zhang, J., Liu, G., Li, X.-H., Ee, Y.-K., Song, R., (…), Huang, G.S.
2011
Novel approaches for high-efficiency InGaN quantum wells light-emitting diodes:
Device physics and epitaxy engineering Proceedings of SPIE – The International
Society for Optical
Engineering 7954, art. no. 795418
15. FIRST SLICE
CK Tan, D Borovac, W Sun, N Tansu, First-Principle Electronic Properties of Dilute-P
GaN1-xPx Alloy for Visible Light Emitters. Scientific Reports 6, 24412
CK Tan, N Tansu First-Principle Natural Band Alignment of GaN / Dilute-As GaNAs
Alloy AIP Advances 5 (1), 017129
16. WHY NELSON TANSU LIKES SALAMI
Tansu desires to publish new results rapidly.
Tansu desires to maximize their publication count.
Tansu Publish or perish
Overemphasis on the size of Tansu's publication record
Tansu rewards quantity over quality.
The volume of Tansu’s publication output is a single criterion on which his scientific
accomplishment is judged by Lehigh University.
17. HEDVIG HRICAK
Lakhman, Katz, Goldman, Yakar, Vargas, Sosa, Miccò, Soslow, Hricak, Abu-Rustum
and Sala, “Diagnostic Performance of Computed Tomography for Preoperative
Staging of Patients with Non-endometrioid Carcinomas of the Uterine Corpus”, Ann
Surg Oncol. 2016
Lakhman, Yakar, Goldman, Katz, Vargas, Miccò, Zheng, Moskowitz, Soslow, Hricak,
Abu-Rustum and Sala, “Preoperative CT-based nomogram for predicting overall
survival in women with non-endometrioid carcinomas of the uterine corpus”, Abdom
Imaging (now titled Abdominal Radiology), 2015
18. HEDVIG HRICAK
Vargas, Burger, Donati, Andikyan, Lakhman, Goldman, Schöder, Chi, Sala, Hricak.
“Magnetic resonance imaging/positron emission tomography provides a roadmap for
surgical planning and serves as a predictive biomarker in patients with recurrent
gynecological cancers undergoing pelvic exenteration”. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2013
Burger, Vargas, Donati, Andikyan, Sala, Gonen, Goldman, Chi, Schöder, Hricak. The
value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in recurrent gynecologic malignancies prior to pelvic
exenteration. Gynecol Oncol. 2013
Donati, Lakhman, Sala, Burger, Vargas, Goldman, Andikyan, Park, Chi, Hricak. Role of
preoperative MR imaging in the evaluation of patients with persistent or recurrent
gynaecological malignancies before pelvic exenteration. Eur Radiol. 2013
19. DALIBOR PETKOVIĆ
Dalibor Petković, Shahaboddin Shamshirband, Nor Badrul Anuar, Mohd Hairul Nizam
Md Nasir, Nenad T. Pavlović & Shatirah Akib. (2014). Adaptive neuro-fuzzy
prediction of modulation transfer function of optical lens system. Infrared Physics &
Technology 65, p. 54–60.
Dalibor Petković, Shahaboddin Shamshirband, Hadi Saboohi, Tan Fong Ang, Nor
Badrul Anuar, Zulkanain Abdul Rahman, Nenad T. Pavlović. (2014). Evaluation of
modulation transfer function of optical lens system by support vector regression
methodologies: A comparative study. Infrared Physics & Technology 65, p. 94–102.
Dalibor Petković, Shahaboddin Shamshirband, Nenad T. Pavlović, Nor Badrul Anuar,
Laiha Mat Kiah. (2014). Modulation transfer function estimation of optical lens system
by adaptive neuro-fuzzy methodology. Optics and Spectroscopy 117(1), p. 121-131.
21. THE PRICE OF SALAMI SLICING
Time spent on papers that make little contribution to new scientific understanding is
time wasted.
Focus on quality, not on quantity.
If you are using data from articles that you have previously published, make sure you
cite them in your paper.
22. SALAMI SLICING
The challenge is not only to establish quantity of a researcher's scientific contribution,
but the scientific rigour and not merely numerical output.