Abstract Detecting the Pitch of singing voice in the presence of music is a challenging work to do. In this paper we study the problem of finding pitch range or value by analyzing the voice. We also review the vibratos and tremolos used to detect the singing voice. We just take review of detecting pitch from musical record and merits and demerits of pitch. Pitch is very important characteristic of voice and by detection it we can develop other different research works in voice processing field. We also study the advantages of pitch and its limitations. We can also study the future application that we can develop by using pitch. Pitch can be defined as the extent to which sound is high or low. It is the level of sound which may be high or low. It is also known as particular level of intensity of sound. Pitch detection is known as determining the level of intensity of voice. By using pitch we can detect various other characteristics of voice. We can develop many applications those are very useful for the benefit of human being or mankind. Pitch detection is crucial task in singing voice separation also. Pitch detection also play important role in Musical information retrieval, Identification of the singer and in lyric recognition. Pitch can identify gender of singing voice. It means it can identify the gender of the singer. Pitch also can examine or find the time of voice recording or the time slot of voice recording. So it is very much necessary to study pitch and its future work. Keywords: Pitch, Sinusoidal, Tremolos, Vibratos, Timbre.
The document provides details about an internship report submitted by Raminshah Muhammed at Peekay Steel Castings Pvt Ltd located in Calicut, Kerala, India. Peekay Steel Castings manufactures steel castings for industries such as power, oil and gas, mining, and transportation. Key departments involved in the casting process include methods and development, pattern shop, moulding, melting, heat treatment, fettling, machine shop, quality control, and quality assurance. The internship focused on studying non-destructive testing techniques such as magnetic particle inspection, ultrasonic testing, radiographic testing, and dye penetrant inspection used to detect casting defects at Peekay Steel Castings.
The document discusses a survey conducted on fingerprint recognition systems. It begins with objectives to understand public perception of the technology's benefits and market value. An introduction explains fingerprint recognition and common sensor types. The survey questions gauge usage frequency, failure rates, and opinions on advantages like security, convenience and ease-of-use. Analysis of the 37 responses found most had used fingerprinting for immigration and agreed it provided benefits. While the technology could be improved to handle all skin conditions, respondents felt it was generally helpful, reliable and worth adopting.
The document discusses using fingerprint biometrics for authentication in ATM machines. Fingerprints provide high universality, distinctiveness, permanence and performance making them suitable for biometric authentication. The technical processes of minutiae extraction from fingerprints and the biometric system workflow are described. Applications of fingerprint ATMs include added security for banking, membership verification, and food/ticket purchases. Potential disadvantages include false acceptance and rejection rates and issues with certain users. Future areas of development include improved matching algorithms and database security to further enhance fingerprint biometrics for ATM authentication.
TecCSA is an ambitious IT and business process outsourcing company located in Hari Towers, M. R. Palli Circle in Tirupati, India. They provide custom application development, business intelligence solutions, and performance engineering to deliver successful IT services and solutions to their clients.
Report on Finger print sensor and its applicationArnab Podder
This seminar report discusses fingerprint sensors and their applications. It provides background on fingerprint identification and classification, then describes the main types of fingerprint sensors including capacitive, optical, thermal, pressure, radio frequency, and ultrasonic. It explains how fingerprint sensors work to capture and analyze fingerprint images. The report also outlines key applications of fingerprint sensors such as border control, driver's licenses, device unlocking, and biometric door locks. Finally, it discusses future applications involving linking fingerprint authentication to government identification cards and ATM security.
Optical Character Recognition Using PythonYogeshIJTSRD
Optical Character Recognition is a process of classifying optical patterns with respect to alphanumeric or other characters. It also includes segmentation, feature extraction and classification. Deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on artificial neural networks with. representation learning The idea of the project is to extract text from image using Deep Learning by OCR Ponvizhi. U | Ramya. P | Ramya. R "Optical Character Recognition Using Python" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd41099.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/41099/optical-character-recognition-using-python/ponvizhi-u
This document discusses using fingerprint biometrics for authentication in ATM machines. It defines ATMs and outlines issues with current identification methods like stolen cards and shared PINs. Fingerprint biometrics could solve these issues through multi-factor authentication combining cards, PINs, and fingerprints. The document then covers fingerprint patterns, how fingerprint scanners work to enroll and verify prints, and the system design of a biometric ATM including hardware and software components. Potential advantages are discussed like increased security over shared passwords, with disadvantages including higher costs.
Computer Science Internship Report PDF Leena AIshadowhazard77
The document describes an internship project at Leena AI to build a notification dashboard for admins to configure trigger-based notifications and broadcast messages to users. Key features included scheduling notifications by trigger, audience, schedule and user response. Testing was done internally before production deployment. The project used React, Node.js, Redux, ContextAPI and other technologies following best practices. It allowed automating updates to company profiles and establishing coding standards for new recruits. The intern gained experience working with new technologies and in a multicultural environment.
The document provides details about an internship report submitted by Raminshah Muhammed at Peekay Steel Castings Pvt Ltd located in Calicut, Kerala, India. Peekay Steel Castings manufactures steel castings for industries such as power, oil and gas, mining, and transportation. Key departments involved in the casting process include methods and development, pattern shop, moulding, melting, heat treatment, fettling, machine shop, quality control, and quality assurance. The internship focused on studying non-destructive testing techniques such as magnetic particle inspection, ultrasonic testing, radiographic testing, and dye penetrant inspection used to detect casting defects at Peekay Steel Castings.
The document discusses a survey conducted on fingerprint recognition systems. It begins with objectives to understand public perception of the technology's benefits and market value. An introduction explains fingerprint recognition and common sensor types. The survey questions gauge usage frequency, failure rates, and opinions on advantages like security, convenience and ease-of-use. Analysis of the 37 responses found most had used fingerprinting for immigration and agreed it provided benefits. While the technology could be improved to handle all skin conditions, respondents felt it was generally helpful, reliable and worth adopting.
The document discusses using fingerprint biometrics for authentication in ATM machines. Fingerprints provide high universality, distinctiveness, permanence and performance making them suitable for biometric authentication. The technical processes of minutiae extraction from fingerprints and the biometric system workflow are described. Applications of fingerprint ATMs include added security for banking, membership verification, and food/ticket purchases. Potential disadvantages include false acceptance and rejection rates and issues with certain users. Future areas of development include improved matching algorithms and database security to further enhance fingerprint biometrics for ATM authentication.
TecCSA is an ambitious IT and business process outsourcing company located in Hari Towers, M. R. Palli Circle in Tirupati, India. They provide custom application development, business intelligence solutions, and performance engineering to deliver successful IT services and solutions to their clients.
Report on Finger print sensor and its applicationArnab Podder
This seminar report discusses fingerprint sensors and their applications. It provides background on fingerprint identification and classification, then describes the main types of fingerprint sensors including capacitive, optical, thermal, pressure, radio frequency, and ultrasonic. It explains how fingerprint sensors work to capture and analyze fingerprint images. The report also outlines key applications of fingerprint sensors such as border control, driver's licenses, device unlocking, and biometric door locks. Finally, it discusses future applications involving linking fingerprint authentication to government identification cards and ATM security.
Optical Character Recognition Using PythonYogeshIJTSRD
Optical Character Recognition is a process of classifying optical patterns with respect to alphanumeric or other characters. It also includes segmentation, feature extraction and classification. Deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on artificial neural networks with. representation learning The idea of the project is to extract text from image using Deep Learning by OCR Ponvizhi. U | Ramya. P | Ramya. R "Optical Character Recognition Using Python" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd41099.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/41099/optical-character-recognition-using-python/ponvizhi-u
This document discusses using fingerprint biometrics for authentication in ATM machines. It defines ATMs and outlines issues with current identification methods like stolen cards and shared PINs. Fingerprint biometrics could solve these issues through multi-factor authentication combining cards, PINs, and fingerprints. The document then covers fingerprint patterns, how fingerprint scanners work to enroll and verify prints, and the system design of a biometric ATM including hardware and software components. Potential advantages are discussed like increased security over shared passwords, with disadvantages including higher costs.
Computer Science Internship Report PDF Leena AIshadowhazard77
The document describes an internship project at Leena AI to build a notification dashboard for admins to configure trigger-based notifications and broadcast messages to users. Key features included scheduling notifications by trigger, audience, schedule and user response. Testing was done internally before production deployment. The project used React, Node.js, Redux, ContextAPI and other technologies following best practices. It allowed automating updates to company profiles and establishing coding standards for new recruits. The intern gained experience working with new technologies and in a multicultural environment.
This document summarizes a student project on fingerprint recognition systems. It includes an introduction to fingerprint biometrics, how fingerprint scanners work, applications like security and devices, and an online survey on student familiarity. The survey found most were familiar with the technology and use it for immigration. While some experienced failures, most trust the accuracy and see potential for faster logins and more uses in the future. In conclusion, fingerprint recognition is familiar to most users and could continue adapting to new applications.
This document provides a format for submitting project synopses to a convention on entrepreneurship in academia through innovation. The format requires proposals to include the title, team members, objectives, technical details, innovativeness, current development status, market potential, and any additional details. It also provides a sample synopsis for a natural refrigerator project following this format.
This document provides guidelines for preparing project reports for various postgraduate programs at Anna University Coimbatore. It outlines the formatting requirements including the number of copies to submit, report size limits, content arrangement, page dimensions, manuscript preparation, typing instructions, numbering, and binding specifications. Appendices provide sample cover page, bonafide certificate, declaration, and table of contents templates. The guidelines cover topics such as chapter layout, division and subsection formatting, table and figure numbering, and equation numbering.
Smart cards are small electronic devices about the size of a credit card that contain memory and an integrated circuit chip. They provide identification, authentication, and data storage capabilities. Smart cards were invented in 1968 and come in various types including embossed, magnetic stripe, memory, optical, microprocessor, and contactless cards. They have wide-ranging applications including use in payphones, banking, retail, electronic purse, health care, ID verification, and access control. Advantages of smart cards include flexibility, security, data integrity, and ease of use while disadvantages include fees, liability if stolen or lost, limited data capacity, and lack of universal technology support.
This document is a project report submitted by four students to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Information Technology. The report discusses steganography, which is hiding secret information within other information. Specifically, the report focuses on digital image steganography, where secret messages are hidden within digital images. The report provides an introduction to steganography, a literature review on related topics like cryptography, an analysis of requirements, descriptions of how image steganography works and algorithms used, system design diagrams, implementation details, applications of the system, and directions for future work.
This presentation includes introduction, working principle, technology & experimental observation of palm vein technology on the basis of which it is considered as the one of the most secure authentication technology among all other technologies.
The document is a 49-page summer training report submitted by Subhadip Mondal on a Machine Learning Advanced Certification Training he completed from June 1st to July 10th 2019 under the guidance of Vivek Sridhar. It includes declarations, acknowledgements, an overview of the technologies and techniques learned like supervised learning, unsupervised learning and deep learning. It also includes reasons for choosing Machine Learning and learning outcomes like increased knowledge of algorithms, data preprocessing, and applications.
Whitepaper - LoraWAN and Cellular IoT (NB-IoT, LTE-M): How do they complement...Actility
Ericsson’s Mobility Report [3] forecasts that by 2022 more than seventeen billion IoT devices will be connected by wireless communication technologies. The Internet of Things (IoT) market targeting low power, low cost and low-data rate devices capable of communicating over a wide area network -the LPWAN market- is growing very rapidly.
In recent years, there have been significant technological developments in wireless IoT connectivity, with multiple technologies sometimes competing and often responding to different IoT use case requirements. Hence, choosing the right mix of connectivity solutions requires careful consideration. In this paper, we examine both cellular IoT (NB-IoT, Cat-M1) and LoRaWAN, and demonstrate that the two technologies are complementary.
We show how operators extend existing M2M use cases and swap 2G using cellular IoT, and in addition tap into the new unlicensed IoT market space using LoRaWAN. Interestingly, LoRaWAN is a natural over-the-top play for cellular IoT operators, as cellular IoT is an ideal backhaul technology for unlicensed LPWAN concentrators.
Graphical password authentication using pccp with sound signatureeSAT Journals
Abstract
Persuasive Cued-Click Point is an advanced method of cued click point of graphical password technique which includes usability and security evaluations. It also useful for reduces hotspot problem and hence it helps the user in selecting password of higher security. This paper includes the persuasion to influence user choice in click based graphical passwords, so that users select more desultory and more difficult to guess the passwords. In this paper includes sound signature for recover the password if user forgot password or click point ,then playing the sound signature which is selected at registration time then it set new password and access the account. This paper include dead zone new concept to avoiding Shoulder surfing attack in graphical password authentication.
Keywords: Graphical Password, Authentication, Password Images, and PCCP etc…
The document provides information about CMC Limited, a leading IT solutions and services company in India. It discusses CMC's core products and solutions, some major clients, technologies used, and the company's global presence. It then provides details about Java programming language and key Java technologies like J2EE, MVC architecture, JavaBeans, JDBC, Servlets, and JSP that were covered as part of the training project. The document also includes information about the hospital management project developed during the training, its objectives, technologies used, modules developed, and user roles.
Human: Summarize the following document in 3 sentences or less:
[DOCUMENT]:
This training report summarizes the summer training
Biometric system is a pattern identification system that recognizes an individual by determining the originality of the physical features and behavioral characteristic of that person. Of all the recently used biometric techniques, fingerprint identification systems have gained the most popularity because of the prolonged existence of fingerprints and its extensive use. Fingerprint is dependable biometric trait as it is an idiosyncratic and dedicated. It is a technology that is increasingly used in various fields like forensics and security purpose. The vital objective of our system is to make ATM transaction more secure and user friendly. This system replaces traditional ATM cards with fingerprint. Therefore, there is no need to carry ATM cards to perform transactions. The money transaction can be made more secure without worrying about the card to be lost. In our system we are using embedded system with biometrics i.e r305 sensor and UART microcontroller. The Fingerprint and the user_id of all users are stored in the database. Fingerprints are used to identify whether the Person is genuine. A Fingerprint scanner is used to acquire the fingerprint of the individual, after which the system requests for the PIN (Personal Identification Number). The user gets three chances to get him authenticated. If the fingerprints do not match further authentication will be needed. After the verification with the data stored in the system database, the user is allowed to make transactions.
The document discusses the history and development of 8K resolution technology. It describes how 8K, with a resolution of 7680x4320 pixels, provides image quality equivalent to 35mm film and has been adopted as the standard for digital cinema. Early prototypes from 2001 demonstrated the feasibility of transmitting compressed 8K video over networks in real-time. By 2013, 8K cameras had been developed and 8K content was being experimentally broadcast. Standards organizations continue to refine specifications to expand the applications of 8K video beyond digital cinema.
The document acknowledges and thanks several individuals who helped with the author's training report on Panipat Refinery. It expresses gratitude to supervisors who provided guidance, encouragement, advice and inspiration. It also thanks other staff members who assisted during the training period, as well as the author's parents and teachers for their support and encouragement.
This research paper introduces a novel application for predicting plant diseases in cotton and potato plants using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs).
Separate CNN models were trained on labeled datasets of cotton and potato leaves, each associated with their respective diseases. The primary goal is to employ a fusion of two standard CNN systems to detect various diseases in cotton and potato plants.
Given India's heavy reliance on agriculture, this innovation is crucial to address challenges faced by the sector, including technological limitations, limited access to credit and markets, and the impact of climate change.
Cotton and potatoes are significant crops; this research paper are susceptible to various diseases that can impede their growth and result in substantial yield losses.
The conventional disease detection methods involve manual inspection and disease prognosis, which are time consuming and less accurate. The research showcases the effectiveness of the automated plant disease detection system, with two best models achieving impressive accuracies of 97.10% and 96.94% for cotton and potato plants, respectively.
These results offer promising insights for potential applications in crop management, benefiting the agricultural sector and contributing to increased productivity and profitability.
This presentation discusses biometric authentication methods for enhancing security. It covers phases of biometric systems including capture, extraction, comparison and match/no match. Fingerprint recognition is described as the oldest method dating back to 1896 and widely used for criminal identification. The presentation also discusses other biometric techniques like hand geometry recognition, facial recognition analyzing attributes like eye sockets and mouth, voice recognition using formants, iris recognition using unique iris patterns, and emerging biometrics like vein scans, facial thermography, gait recognition, blood pulse, ear shape recognition and odor sensing. Biometric technologies can achieve e-commerce and e-government promises through strong personal authentication and each technique's performance varies by usage and environment.
Voice morphing is a technique that modifies a source speaker's speech to sound like a target speaker. It does this by changing the pitch from the source speaker, like a male voice, to the target speaker, like a female voice. This is done by interpolating the linear predictive coding coefficients of the source and target signals. The pitch of the morphed signal can be positioned between the source and target by varying a constant value between 0 and 1. Applications include changing voices for security or entertainment purposes, but limitations include difficulties with voice detection and requiring extensive sound libraries.
This document is a project report on multiple object detection. It provides an introduction to the problem statement, applications, and challenges of object detection. It then reviews literature on object detection using neural networks. The introduction discusses image classification, localization, and object detection problems. It describes applications in face detection, autonomous driving, and surveillance. Challenges include variable output dimensions and requiring real-time performance while maintaining accuracy. The literature review discusses using deep learning for object detection and examines algorithms for a pedestrian counting system with affordable hardware.
This presentation provides an overview of fingerprint scanners. It discusses the history of fingerprint recognition from the 1800s to modern day uses in mobile phones. The general structure of fingerprint scanners is described, including optical and capacitive technologies. Fingerprint patterns like loops, whorls and arches are defined, along with features used for identification. Fingerprint matching techniques including minutiae-based and correlation-based approaches are covered. The latest 3D scanning technology is introduced. Common applications are listed along with advantages of high accuracy and disadvantages of potential errors from dirty fingers.
The document describes a GUI for an expense management system created by a group of students. The system allows users to track expenses, generate reports on spending by category and time period, and schedule payments. It was developed using Java, MySQL, and the NetBeans IDE following an evolutionary software process model. Testing of the system included black box and decision table techniques to ensure the interface and functionality worked as intended.
This document discusses pitch detection in singing evaluation for karaoke scoring. It introduces pitch detection and evaluation, describing the standard pitch of A440 Hz. It discusses using dynamic time warping with difflib to compare a student's singing pitch to a teacher's sample for scoring by finding the ratio of matching blocks between the two sequences. The document also lists Python modules used like PyAudio and Pygame for audio input/output, and Tkinter and VPython for the GUI. It provides a link to sample kernel code using autocorrelation for pitch detection in the frequency domain.
This document summarizes a student project on fingerprint recognition systems. It includes an introduction to fingerprint biometrics, how fingerprint scanners work, applications like security and devices, and an online survey on student familiarity. The survey found most were familiar with the technology and use it for immigration. While some experienced failures, most trust the accuracy and see potential for faster logins and more uses in the future. In conclusion, fingerprint recognition is familiar to most users and could continue adapting to new applications.
This document provides a format for submitting project synopses to a convention on entrepreneurship in academia through innovation. The format requires proposals to include the title, team members, objectives, technical details, innovativeness, current development status, market potential, and any additional details. It also provides a sample synopsis for a natural refrigerator project following this format.
This document provides guidelines for preparing project reports for various postgraduate programs at Anna University Coimbatore. It outlines the formatting requirements including the number of copies to submit, report size limits, content arrangement, page dimensions, manuscript preparation, typing instructions, numbering, and binding specifications. Appendices provide sample cover page, bonafide certificate, declaration, and table of contents templates. The guidelines cover topics such as chapter layout, division and subsection formatting, table and figure numbering, and equation numbering.
Smart cards are small electronic devices about the size of a credit card that contain memory and an integrated circuit chip. They provide identification, authentication, and data storage capabilities. Smart cards were invented in 1968 and come in various types including embossed, magnetic stripe, memory, optical, microprocessor, and contactless cards. They have wide-ranging applications including use in payphones, banking, retail, electronic purse, health care, ID verification, and access control. Advantages of smart cards include flexibility, security, data integrity, and ease of use while disadvantages include fees, liability if stolen or lost, limited data capacity, and lack of universal technology support.
This document is a project report submitted by four students to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Information Technology. The report discusses steganography, which is hiding secret information within other information. Specifically, the report focuses on digital image steganography, where secret messages are hidden within digital images. The report provides an introduction to steganography, a literature review on related topics like cryptography, an analysis of requirements, descriptions of how image steganography works and algorithms used, system design diagrams, implementation details, applications of the system, and directions for future work.
This presentation includes introduction, working principle, technology & experimental observation of palm vein technology on the basis of which it is considered as the one of the most secure authentication technology among all other technologies.
The document is a 49-page summer training report submitted by Subhadip Mondal on a Machine Learning Advanced Certification Training he completed from June 1st to July 10th 2019 under the guidance of Vivek Sridhar. It includes declarations, acknowledgements, an overview of the technologies and techniques learned like supervised learning, unsupervised learning and deep learning. It also includes reasons for choosing Machine Learning and learning outcomes like increased knowledge of algorithms, data preprocessing, and applications.
Whitepaper - LoraWAN and Cellular IoT (NB-IoT, LTE-M): How do they complement...Actility
Ericsson’s Mobility Report [3] forecasts that by 2022 more than seventeen billion IoT devices will be connected by wireless communication technologies. The Internet of Things (IoT) market targeting low power, low cost and low-data rate devices capable of communicating over a wide area network -the LPWAN market- is growing very rapidly.
In recent years, there have been significant technological developments in wireless IoT connectivity, with multiple technologies sometimes competing and often responding to different IoT use case requirements. Hence, choosing the right mix of connectivity solutions requires careful consideration. In this paper, we examine both cellular IoT (NB-IoT, Cat-M1) and LoRaWAN, and demonstrate that the two technologies are complementary.
We show how operators extend existing M2M use cases and swap 2G using cellular IoT, and in addition tap into the new unlicensed IoT market space using LoRaWAN. Interestingly, LoRaWAN is a natural over-the-top play for cellular IoT operators, as cellular IoT is an ideal backhaul technology for unlicensed LPWAN concentrators.
Graphical password authentication using pccp with sound signatureeSAT Journals
Abstract
Persuasive Cued-Click Point is an advanced method of cued click point of graphical password technique which includes usability and security evaluations. It also useful for reduces hotspot problem and hence it helps the user in selecting password of higher security. This paper includes the persuasion to influence user choice in click based graphical passwords, so that users select more desultory and more difficult to guess the passwords. In this paper includes sound signature for recover the password if user forgot password or click point ,then playing the sound signature which is selected at registration time then it set new password and access the account. This paper include dead zone new concept to avoiding Shoulder surfing attack in graphical password authentication.
Keywords: Graphical Password, Authentication, Password Images, and PCCP etc…
The document provides information about CMC Limited, a leading IT solutions and services company in India. It discusses CMC's core products and solutions, some major clients, technologies used, and the company's global presence. It then provides details about Java programming language and key Java technologies like J2EE, MVC architecture, JavaBeans, JDBC, Servlets, and JSP that were covered as part of the training project. The document also includes information about the hospital management project developed during the training, its objectives, technologies used, modules developed, and user roles.
Human: Summarize the following document in 3 sentences or less:
[DOCUMENT]:
This training report summarizes the summer training
Biometric system is a pattern identification system that recognizes an individual by determining the originality of the physical features and behavioral characteristic of that person. Of all the recently used biometric techniques, fingerprint identification systems have gained the most popularity because of the prolonged existence of fingerprints and its extensive use. Fingerprint is dependable biometric trait as it is an idiosyncratic and dedicated. It is a technology that is increasingly used in various fields like forensics and security purpose. The vital objective of our system is to make ATM transaction more secure and user friendly. This system replaces traditional ATM cards with fingerprint. Therefore, there is no need to carry ATM cards to perform transactions. The money transaction can be made more secure without worrying about the card to be lost. In our system we are using embedded system with biometrics i.e r305 sensor and UART microcontroller. The Fingerprint and the user_id of all users are stored in the database. Fingerprints are used to identify whether the Person is genuine. A Fingerprint scanner is used to acquire the fingerprint of the individual, after which the system requests for the PIN (Personal Identification Number). The user gets three chances to get him authenticated. If the fingerprints do not match further authentication will be needed. After the verification with the data stored in the system database, the user is allowed to make transactions.
The document discusses the history and development of 8K resolution technology. It describes how 8K, with a resolution of 7680x4320 pixels, provides image quality equivalent to 35mm film and has been adopted as the standard for digital cinema. Early prototypes from 2001 demonstrated the feasibility of transmitting compressed 8K video over networks in real-time. By 2013, 8K cameras had been developed and 8K content was being experimentally broadcast. Standards organizations continue to refine specifications to expand the applications of 8K video beyond digital cinema.
The document acknowledges and thanks several individuals who helped with the author's training report on Panipat Refinery. It expresses gratitude to supervisors who provided guidance, encouragement, advice and inspiration. It also thanks other staff members who assisted during the training period, as well as the author's parents and teachers for their support and encouragement.
This research paper introduces a novel application for predicting plant diseases in cotton and potato plants using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs).
Separate CNN models were trained on labeled datasets of cotton and potato leaves, each associated with their respective diseases. The primary goal is to employ a fusion of two standard CNN systems to detect various diseases in cotton and potato plants.
Given India's heavy reliance on agriculture, this innovation is crucial to address challenges faced by the sector, including technological limitations, limited access to credit and markets, and the impact of climate change.
Cotton and potatoes are significant crops; this research paper are susceptible to various diseases that can impede their growth and result in substantial yield losses.
The conventional disease detection methods involve manual inspection and disease prognosis, which are time consuming and less accurate. The research showcases the effectiveness of the automated plant disease detection system, with two best models achieving impressive accuracies of 97.10% and 96.94% for cotton and potato plants, respectively.
These results offer promising insights for potential applications in crop management, benefiting the agricultural sector and contributing to increased productivity and profitability.
This presentation discusses biometric authentication methods for enhancing security. It covers phases of biometric systems including capture, extraction, comparison and match/no match. Fingerprint recognition is described as the oldest method dating back to 1896 and widely used for criminal identification. The presentation also discusses other biometric techniques like hand geometry recognition, facial recognition analyzing attributes like eye sockets and mouth, voice recognition using formants, iris recognition using unique iris patterns, and emerging biometrics like vein scans, facial thermography, gait recognition, blood pulse, ear shape recognition and odor sensing. Biometric technologies can achieve e-commerce and e-government promises through strong personal authentication and each technique's performance varies by usage and environment.
Voice morphing is a technique that modifies a source speaker's speech to sound like a target speaker. It does this by changing the pitch from the source speaker, like a male voice, to the target speaker, like a female voice. This is done by interpolating the linear predictive coding coefficients of the source and target signals. The pitch of the morphed signal can be positioned between the source and target by varying a constant value between 0 and 1. Applications include changing voices for security or entertainment purposes, but limitations include difficulties with voice detection and requiring extensive sound libraries.
This document is a project report on multiple object detection. It provides an introduction to the problem statement, applications, and challenges of object detection. It then reviews literature on object detection using neural networks. The introduction discusses image classification, localization, and object detection problems. It describes applications in face detection, autonomous driving, and surveillance. Challenges include variable output dimensions and requiring real-time performance while maintaining accuracy. The literature review discusses using deep learning for object detection and examines algorithms for a pedestrian counting system with affordable hardware.
This presentation provides an overview of fingerprint scanners. It discusses the history of fingerprint recognition from the 1800s to modern day uses in mobile phones. The general structure of fingerprint scanners is described, including optical and capacitive technologies. Fingerprint patterns like loops, whorls and arches are defined, along with features used for identification. Fingerprint matching techniques including minutiae-based and correlation-based approaches are covered. The latest 3D scanning technology is introduced. Common applications are listed along with advantages of high accuracy and disadvantages of potential errors from dirty fingers.
The document describes a GUI for an expense management system created by a group of students. The system allows users to track expenses, generate reports on spending by category and time period, and schedule payments. It was developed using Java, MySQL, and the NetBeans IDE following an evolutionary software process model. Testing of the system included black box and decision table techniques to ensure the interface and functionality worked as intended.
This document discusses pitch detection in singing evaluation for karaoke scoring. It introduces pitch detection and evaluation, describing the standard pitch of A440 Hz. It discusses using dynamic time warping with difflib to compare a student's singing pitch to a teacher's sample for scoring by finding the ratio of matching blocks between the two sequences. The document also lists Python modules used like PyAudio and Pygame for audio input/output, and Tkinter and VPython for the GUI. It provides a link to sample kernel code using autocorrelation for pitch detection in the frequency domain.
There are four main voice classifications for choirs: soprano, alto, tenor, and bass. Solo performers have additional sub-classifications within each category, such as coloratura soprano, lyric mezzo-soprano, and dramatic baritone. A singer's voice type depends on their vocal range, where their voice is most comfortable within that range, and the timbre or color of their voice. A voice does not fully mature until the 20s, so a singer's classification may change as they age.
This document classifies and describes the different types of human voices. It divides female voices into soprano, mezzo-soprano, and contralto. Male voices are divided into countertenor, tenor, baritone, and bass. Each voice type has a defined range and characteristics. Examples of famous singers are provided for each voice type.
Wavelet transform based on qrs detection using diodic algorithmeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document classifies and describes the different types of human voices. It divides voices into female and male categories. Female voices range from high to low as soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto, and contralto. Male voices also range from high to low as countertenor, tenor, baritone, bass, and basso profondo. Examples of music and YouTube links are provided for each voice type. Additional required reading links to Wikipedia pages on each specific voice classification are listed.
The document classifies human voices according to gender and vocal range. For female voices, it lists soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto, and contralto in descending order. For male voices, it lists countertenor, tenor, baritone, bass, and basso profondo from highest to lowest. Examples of each voice type are provided with links to audio samples. Required reading links to Wikipedia pages about each voice classification are also included.
The document discusses various musical textures and forms. It defines texture as the way melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic materials are combined, identifying monophony, homophony, and polyphony. It then explains various musical forms including binary form, ternary form, rondo form, and theme and variations. Examples are provided for each to help illustrate the different musical textures and forms.
Our speech to text conversion project aims to help the nearly 20% of people worldwide with disabilities by allowing them to control their computer and share information using only their voice. The system uses acoustic and language models with a speech engine to recognize speech and convert it to text. It can perform operations like opening calculator and wordpad. Speech recognition has applications in areas like cars, healthcare, education and daily life. Accuracy depends on factors like vocabulary size, speaker dependence, and speech type (isolated, continuous). The system aims to improve accessibility while reducing costs.
Artificial Intelligent Algorithm for the Analysis, Quality Speech & Different...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an artificial intelligence algorithm for analyzing and improving the quality of speech and sound signals. The algorithm can extract speech or sound signals from recordings and analyze characteristics like pitch, volume, and stereo. It uses techniques like autocorrelation, histogram spread, and cumulative sum to denoise signals and improve quality. The algorithm is useful for applications like security, forensic detection, and assessing job candidates' voices. It works by sampling input signals, applying a fast Fourier transform to convert to the frequency domain, and using a short-term Fourier transform with averaging to analyze short sections of the signal. Autocorrelation helps determine the fundamental pitch by finding the highest correlation between the original and delayed signals. The algorithm outputs various plots and
This document discusses voice modification techniques. It compares four models for voice modification: LPC, H/S, TD-PSOLA, and MBR-PSOLA. TD-PSOLA relies on pitch-synchronous overlap-add and modifies the speech signal in the time domain based on analysis and synthesis markings. The document implements a voice modification system using TD-PSOLA that can modify vocal tract, pitch, and time scale parameters to change voice quality, such as making a female voice sound more husky or nasal. Results show the algorithm can effectively modify input voices as desired.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Computational Approaches for Melodic Description in Indian Art Music CorporaSankalp Gulati
Presentation for my PhD defense, Music Technology Group, Barcelona, Spain.
Resources: http://compmusic.upf.edu/node/304
Short abstract:
Automatically describing contents of recorded music is crucial for interacting with large volumes of audio recordings, and for developing novel tools to facilitate music pedagogy. Melody is a fundamental facet in most music traditions and, therefore, is an indispensable component in such description. In this thesis, we develop computational approaches for analyzing high-level melodic aspects of music performances in Indian art music (IAM), with which we can describe and interlink large amounts of audio recordings. With its complex melodic framework and well-grounded theory, the description of IAM melody beyond pitch contours offers a very interesting and challenging research topic. We analyze melodies within their tonal context, identify melodic patterns, compare them both within and across music pieces, and finally, characterize the specific melodic context of IAM, the rāgas. All these analyses are done using data-driven methodologies on sizable curated music corpora. Our work paves the way for addressing several interesting research problems in the field of music information research, as well as developing novel applications in the context of music discovery and music pedagogy.
Design and Analysis System of KNN and ID3 Algorithm for Music Classification ...IJECEIAES
Each of music which has been created, has its own mood which is emitted, therefore, there has been many researches in Music Information Retrieval (MIR) field that has been done for recognition of mood to music. This research produced software to classify music to the mood by using K-Nearest Neighbor and ID3 algorithm. In this research accuracy performance comparison and measurement of average classification time is carried out which is obtained based on the value produced from music feature extraction process. For music feature extraction process it uses 9 types of spectral analysis, consists of 400 practicing data and 400 testing data. The system produced outcome as classification label of mood type those are contentment, exuberance, depression and anxious. Classification by using algorithm of KNN is good enough that is 86.55% at k value = 3 and average processing time is 0.01021. Whereas by using ID3 it results accuracy of 59.33% and average of processing time is 0.05091 second.
IRJET- A Comparative Study of Noise Pollution During a Festive Days of Na...IRJET Journal
This study measured and compared noise pollution levels in Jabalpur City, India during the 9-day Navratri festival and 5 subsequent normal days. Noise levels were recorded at 3 locations in the city using a sound level meter from 7-10am and 6-10pm each day. Results found that noise levels during Navratri were significantly higher than the legal limits set by the Central Pollution Control Board, with maximum levels reaching 89dB. In contrast, noise levels after Navratri returned to levels closer to the legal limits. The high noise during Navratri is largely attributed to loud music from sound systems used in celebrations. Extended exposure to such noise can cause health issues like sleep disturbances, stress, and even hearing
CONTENT BASED AUDIO CLASSIFIER & FEATURE EXTRACTION USING ANN TECNIQUESAM Publications
Audio signals which include speech, music and environmental sounds are important types of media. The problem of distinguishing audio signals into these different audio types is thus becoming increasingly significant. A human listener can easily distinguish between different audio types by just listening to a short segment of an audio signal. However, solving this problem using computers has proven to be very difficult. Nevertheless, many systems with modest accuracy could still be implemented. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our classification system. The complete system is developed in ANN Techniques with Autonomic Computing system
Extracting Acoustic Features of Singing Voice for Various Applications Relate...idescitation
This 3 sentence summary provides the high level information about the document:
The document reviews various acoustic features that can be extracted from singing voice to enable music information retrieval applications. It discusses features related to pitch, harmony, formants, vibrato and timbre that characterize a singing voice. The document also outlines the typical process used in singing voice analysis which involves vocal/non-vocal separation, feature extraction using techniques like spectral envelope estimation, and classification using models like Hidden Markov Models.
Optimized audio classification and segmentation algorithm by using ensemble m...Venkat Projects
The document proposes an optimized audio classification and segmentation algorithm that segments audio streams into four types - pure speech, music, environment sound, and silence - using ensemble methods. It uses a hybrid classification approach of bagged support vector machines and artificial neural networks. The algorithm aims to accurately segment audio with minimum misclassification and requires less training data, making it suitable for real-time applications. It segments non-speech portions into music or environment sound and further divides speech into silence and pure speech. The algorithm achieves approximately 98% accurate segmentation.
The document discusses speech recognition and voice recognition. It covers what voice is, the components of sound, why voices are different, classification of speech sounds, the speech production process, what voice recognition is, automatic speech recognition (ASR), types of ASR systems including speaker-dependent and speaker-independent, approaches to speech recognition including template matching and statistical approaches, and the process of speech recognition.
The document summarizes research on extracting speaker-specific information from the residual signal obtained from linear predictive coding (LPC) analysis of speech. It discusses how LPC analysis separates speech into a vocal tract system component and a source excitation component. The residual signal contains information about the excitation source, including prosodic and speaker-specific characteristics. The document proposes extracting mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) from the residual signal to capture this speaker-specific information. It describes performing LPC analysis at different orders to vary the amount of vocal tract system information remaining in the residual. The researchers believe the residual signal contains robust speaker characteristics that can be used for automatic text-independent speaker tracking when classified with a feed-forward neural network model
An Introduction To Speech Sciences (Acoustic Analysis Of Speech)Jeff Nelson
1) Speech science is the study of speech production, transmission, perception, and comprehension through various disciplines including acoustics, anatomy, physiology, and neurology.
2) Acoustic analysis of speech involves studying the physical characteristics of speech sounds using methods like waveform analysis, measurements of voice onset time, and formant frequency analysis.
3) Characteristics of disordered speech differ from normal speech and may include shorter and lower amplitude vowels in stuttered speech compared to fluent speech.
This paper describe the morphing concept in which we convert the voice of any person into pre -analyzed or pre-recorded voice of any animals.As the user generate a pre-established voice, his pitch, timbre, vibrato and articulation can be modified to resemble those of a pre-recorded and pre-analyzed voice of animal. This technique is based on SMS. Thus using this concept we can develop many funny application and we can used this type of application in mobile device, personal computer etc. for enjoying the sometime of period.
survey on Hybrid recommendation mechanism to get effective ranking results fo...Suraj Ligade
These days clients are having exclusive
requirements towards advancements, they need to hunt tunes
in such circumstances where they are not ready to recall tunes
title or melody related points of interest. Recovery of music or
melodies substance is one of the hardest errands and testing
work in the field of Music Information Retrieval (MIR). There
are different looking techniques created and executed, yet
these seeking strategies are no more ready to inquiry tunes
which required by the clients and confronting different issues
like programmed playlist creation, music suggestion or music
pursuit are connected issues. In past framework client seek
the tune with the assistance of tune title, craftsman name and
whatever other related points of interest so this strategy is
exceptionally tedious. To beat this issue singing so as to look
tune or murmuring a segment of it is the most regular
approach to seek the tune. This hunt strategy is the most
helpful when client don't have entry to sound gadget or client
can't review the traits of the tune such as tune title, name of
craftsman, name of collection. In proposed framework client
have not stress over recalling the tune data and this technique
is not tedious. In this strategy we utilize the data from a
client's hunt history and in addition the normal properties of
client's comparative foundations. Cross breed proposal
component utilizes the substance construct recovery
framework situated in light of utilization of the sound data
such as tone, pitch, mood. This component used to get exact
result to the client. The more imperative idea is clients ready
to work their gadgets without manual information orders by
hand. It is simple and basic system to perform music look.
This document presents a device called the Tonalyzer, which provides a visual representation of tone to help musicians understand and achieve their desired tone. The device uses audio processing and Fourier analysis to analyze the frequency components of an input sound and display them graphically in real-time. It also allows users to save tone profiles for later comparison. An extensive user survey found that most target users are experienced musicians who struggle to describe tone and would benefit from a device to analyze and match tones. The key user specifications for the Tonalyzer are audio input, an interactive visual display, tone storage capabilities, durability for portable use, and long battery life to support musician needs.
A Novel Method for Silence Removal in Sounds Produced by Percussive InstrumentsIJMTST Journal
The steepness of an audio signal which is produced by the musical instruments, specifically percussive
instruments is the perception of how high tone or low tone which can be considered as a frequency closely
related to the fundamental frequency. This paper presents a novel method for silence removal and
segmentation of music signals produced by the percussive instruments and the performance of proposed
method is studied with the help of MATLAB simulations. This method is based on two simple features,
namely the signal energy and the spectral centroid. As long as the feature sequences are extracted, a simple
thresholding criterion is applied in order to remove the silence areas in the sound signal. The simulations
were carried on various instruments like drum, flute and guitar and results of the proposed method were
analyzed.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document discusses a method for extracting vocals from songs and converting them to instrumental covers using deep learning techniques. It involves using the Spleeter library to separate vocals from music tracks. The extracted vocals can then be converted to instrumental covers for different instruments using a DDSP (Differentiable Digital Signal Processing) library combined with pretrained convolutional neural networks. This allows generating instrumental covers from songs to help music students learn instruments without relying on professionals to create covers. The proposed approach could make a variety of instrumental covers more widely available and assist those learning music.
Audio descriptive analysis of singer and musical instrument identification in...eSAT Journals
Abstract Music information retrieval (MIR) has reached to a reasonably stable state after advancement in the Low Level audio Descriptors (LLDs) and feature extraction techniques. The analysis of sound has now become simple by the continuous efforts and research of MIR community in the field of signal processing from last two decades. In north Indian classical music, a singer is accompanied by some instruments such as harmonium, violin or flute. These instruments are tuned in the same musical scale (pitch range) in which the singer is signing. Separate researches have been made in recent past to identify a musical instrument and a singer. In this paper, we have analyzed the low level audio descriptors, for singing voice and musical instrument sound together, that appears to human ear as similar with respect to ‘timbre’, to see if we could treat them same and use identification/ classification routines to classify them into their classes. We have used Hybrid Selection algorithm from wrapper technique(the one that uses classifier also in feature selection process) to identify and extract the features and K-Means and K nearest neighbor classifiers to classify and cross verify the accuracy of classification. The accuracy of classification achieved was 91.1% which clearly proves that musical instruments and singing voice that sounds similar in timbral aspect can be grouped together and classification is possible with mixed database of instruments and singing voices. Keywords: Music Information Retrieval (MIR), Timbre, Singing Voice, Low level Descriptors (LLD, North Indian Classical music. MIRTOOL BOX
Performance of different classifiers in speech recognitioneSAT Journals
Abstract Speech is the most natural means of communication among human beings and speech processing and recognition are intensive areas of research for the last five decades. Since speech recognition is a pattern recognition problem, classification is an important part of any speech recognition system. In this work, a speech recognition system is developed for recognizing speaker independent spoken digits in Malayalam. Voice signals are sampled directly from the microphone. The proposed method is implemented for 1000 speakers uttering 10 digits each. Since the speech signals are affected by background noise, the signals are tuned by removing the noise from it using wavelet denoising method based on Soft Thresholding. Here, the features from the signals are extracted using Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT) because they are well suitable for processing non-stationary signals like speech. This is due to their multi- resolutional, multi-scale analysis characteristics. Speech recognition is a multiclass classification problem. So, the feature vector set obtained are classified using three classifiers namely, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Naive Bayes classifiers which are capable of handling multiclasses. During classification stage, the input feature vector data is trained using information relating to known patterns and then they are tested using the test data set. The performances of all these classifiers are evaluated based on recognition accuracy. All the three methods produced good recognition accuracy. DWT and ANN produced a recognition accuracy of 89%, SVM and DWT combination produced an accuracy of 86.6% and Naive Bayes and DWT combination produced an accuracy of 83.5%. ANN is found to be better among the three methods. Index Terms: Speech Recognition, Soft Thresholding, Discrete Wavelet Transforms, Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines and Naive Bayes Classifier.
Similar to Pitch detection from singing voice, advantages, limitations and applications of pitch in voice processing (20)
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study on stabilizing expansive black cotton soil with the natural inorganic stabilizer RBI-81. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of RBI-81 on the soil's engineering properties. The tests showed that with 2% RBI-81 and 28 days of curing, the unconfined compressive strength increased by around 250% and the CBR value improved by approximately 400% compared to the untreated soil. Overall, the study found that RBI-81 effectively improved the strength properties of the black cotton soil and its suitability as a soil stabilizer was supported.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study on the influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with a chemical stabilizer. Laboratory tests were conducted on locally available loamy soil treated with a patented polymer liquid stabilizer and compacted at four different energy levels. The study found that increasing the compaction effort increased the density of both untreated and treated soil, but the rate of increase was lower for stabilized soil. Treating the soil with the stabilizer improved its unconfined compressive strength and resilient modulus, and reduced accumulated plastic strain, with these properties further improved by higher compaction efforts. The stabilized soil exhibited strength and performance benefits compared to the untreated soil.
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
This document describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) to meet the information needs of various government departments related to water management in a state. The HIS consists of a hydrological database coupled with tools for collecting and analyzing spatial and non-spatial water resources data. It also incorporates a hydrological model to indirectly assess water balance components over space and time. A web-based GIS portal was created to allow users to access and visualize the hydrological data, as well as outputs from the SWAT hydrological model. The framework is intended to facilitate integrated water resources planning and management across different administrative levels.
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes an experimental study that tested circular concrete-filled steel tube columns with varying parameters. 45 specimens were tested with different fiber percentages (0-2%), tube diameter-to-wall-thickness ratios (D/t from 15-25), and length-to-diameter (L/d) ratios (from 2.97-7.04). The results found that columns filled with fiber-reinforced concrete exhibited higher stiffness, equal ductility, and enhanced energy absorption compared to those filled with plain concrete. The load carrying capacity increased with fiber content up to 1.5% but not at 2.0%. The analytical predictions of failure load closely matched the experimental values.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
This document evaluates the operational efficiency of an urban road network in Tiruchirappalli, India using travel time reliability measures. Traffic volume and travel times were collected using video data from 8-10 AM on various roads. Average travel times, 95th percentile travel times, and buffer time indexes were calculated to assess reliability. Non-motorized vehicles were found to most impact reliability on one road. A relationship between buffer time index and traffic volume was developed. Finally, a travel time model was created and validated based on length, speed, and volume.
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study that used remote sensing and GIS techniques to estimate morphometric parameters and runoff for the Yagachi catchment area in India over a 10-year period. Morphometric analysis was conducted to understand the hydrological response at the micro-watershed level. Daily runoff was estimated using the SCS curve number model. The results showed a positive correlation between rainfall and runoff. Land use/land cover changes between 2001-2010 were found to impact estimated runoff amounts. Remote sensing approaches provided an effective means to model runoff for this large, ungauged area.
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
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Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
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Pitch detection from singing voice, advantages, limitations and applications of pitch in voice processing
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 616
PITCH DETECTION FROM SINGING VOICE, ADVANTAGES,
LIMITATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF PITCH IN VOICE
PROCESSING
Sumeet S. Andhalkar1
1
Student, Department of Computer Engineering, G.H.R.C.E.M., Wagholi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Detecting the Pitch of singing voice in the presence of music is a challenging work to do. In this paper we study the problem of
finding pitch range or value by analyzing the voice. We also review the vibratos and tremolos used to detect the singing voice. We
just take review of detecting pitch from musical record and merits and demerits of pitch. Pitch is very important characteristic of
voice and by detection it we can develop other different research works in voice processing field. We also study the advantages of
pitch and its limitations. We can also study the future application that we can develop by using pitch. Pitch can be defined as the
extent to which sound is high or low. It is the level of sound which may be high or low. It is also known as particular level of
intensity of sound. Pitch detection is known as determining the level of intensity of voice. By using pitch we can detect various
other characteristics of voice. We can develop many applications those are very useful for the benefit of human being or mankind.
Pitch detection is crucial task in singing voice separation also. Pitch detection also play important role in Musical information
retrieval, Identification of the singer and in lyric recognition. Pitch can identify gender of singing voice. It means it can identify
the gender of the singer. Pitch also can examine or find the time of voice recording or the time slot of voice recording. So it is very
much necessary to study pitch and its future work.
Keywords: Pitch, Sinusoidal, Tremolos, Vibratos, Timbre.
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The Voice Processing is the study of voice signals and the
processing approaches of these signals. The signals are
usually treated in a digital depiction, so voice processing can
be viewed as a extraordinary case of digital signal
processing.
Pitch can be defined as the extent to which sound is high or
low. It is the level of sound which may be high or low. It is
also known as particular level of intensity of sound. Pitch
detection is known as determining the level of intensity of
voice. Pitch detection is determining the extent of voice to
which it is high or low. Pitch detection is very important in
some related tasks of voice processing. Pitch detection is
crucial task in singing voice separation also. Pitch detection
also play important role in Musical information retrieval,
Identification of the singer and in lyric recognition. Pitch
can identify gender of singing voice. It means it can identify
the gender of the singer. Pitch also can examine or find the
time of voice recording or the time slot of voice recording.
One method to find pitch is extract melody from the music
record. Then find the pitch of that particular singing voice.
Alternative way suggests separation of voice and music and
then only find sinusoidal wave of singing voice. Then
extract necessary data from wave and then we can estimate
the pitch.
The pitch ranges are usually large to cover most of the
possible pitches of singing voice such as from 80 Hz to 800
Hz. However, it is unlikely that pitch changes in such a wide
range in a short period of time. Furthermore, the upper pitch
boundary of singing can be as high as 1400 Hz for sharp
singers.
The detection of the pitch of a harmonic sound in the
presence of other sounds has been mainly studied in the
context of speech segregation, speech enhancement and
other related fields. As per the study, before applying
methods developed for pitch detection for speech, it is
helpful to make a comparison between singing and speech.
We can develop large number of applications in computer
technology by using this pitch range. These applications
may be useful in technology, medical science, security
applications etc. which are enlisted in this paper. So pitch is
a crucial factor in voice processing field. So in later part of
the paper we will study the method to estimate the pitch and
advantages and disadvantages and applications and future
works of pitch and pitch detection.
1.1 Need of the Work
The research in this area is required to develop many
applications related to the work. Many applications can be
created for the enrichment of mankind.
The applications like decease identification gender
identification or for some security purposes we can use these
applications.
Timbre – Timbre is very special character of voice. It
identifies an object by its sound or voice. Timbre is special
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 617
thing that separated or distinguish two or many sounds from
each other. This timbre can be computed by using pitch
factor.
2. PITCH DETECTION
We can detect trend of the pitch by Trend estimation
algorithm. There are basically four steps.
1] Vocal Improvement.
2] Sinusoidal Mining.
3] Instrumental Pruning.
4] Pitch estimation.
2.1 Vocal Improvement
Here, The Vocal improvement methods are used to improve
the voice from musical record. It also increases the quality of
the musical record. They use Harmonics and percussive
sound separation. Harmonic instruments are like flute,
Guitar. Percussive instruments are like Tabla, Drum. These
methods reduce the energy of harmonic instrument and
reduce the energy of percussive instruments. This means that
the signals of these harmonic and percussive devices are
made weaker. So that we can easily catch voice signal more
rich and loud and clean.
Here, we use first step only. The signals of harmonic
instruments are reduced only. The Percussive instruments do
not make any difficulty to sense the voice and its pitch. So,
this is the first step in Pitch Detection.
2.2 Sinusoidal Mining
The sinusoidal partials can be mined by using this step. The
Waves of the musical record and the vocal and musical parts
can be found in this step. Some defective parts or peaks
from these waves can be detached. These peaks do not
belong to the musical file. Then, regular peaks can be used
to form Sinusoidal partials. After peak selection one
grouping algorithm is used to reduce the gaps.
It consists of three steps: early grouping, re-grouping and
purifying.
i) Early grouping: It starts by selecting any ungrouped peak
as the first peak in the group and recursively groups other
peaks neighboring to the group until each peak fits to a
group. The closest peak is selected if the difference between
it and the previous peak is not larger than a semitone. If no
peak exists, the group is divided into two.
ii) Re-grouping: The objective of this step is to unite the
partials that are possible to be originated from the same.
iii) Purifying: Here study says that we require filling the gap
in between the partials. This gap filling is the basic concept
of purifying. Because the re-grouping step introduces gaps
in a group, this step chooses one peak from overlapping
peaks and fills the gaps for each partial. Thus we can purify
the signal. For filling the gaps, values of frequency and
magnitude are interpolated according to the adjacent peaks.
As we fill all the gaps, then we can say we have purified or
enhanced these partials effectively.
2.3 Instrumental Pruning
First we should know the actual meanings of some technical
words and then we can start up with pruning.
Vibrato-Vibratos are the vocal partials.
Tremolos-Tremolos are the instrumental partials.
This Pruning step categorizes vibratos and tremolos. This
means it simply classifies the vocal partials and instrumental
partials. As vibratos are vocal partials, Vibratos refer to the
variation of pitch. As Tremolos are instrumental partials,
Tremolo refers to the periodic vibration of intensity. As per
the study and survey, this whole step used to detect singing
voice. Two qualities are computed to describe vibrato and
tremolo the rate and the extent of vibrato or tremolo.
According to study and literature, for human singing voice,
the average rate is around 6Hz for both vibrato and tremolo.
Hence we determine the relative extent around 6Hz by using
the Fourier transform for both vibrato and tremolo.
2.4 Pitch Estimation
According to literature study, some graphs are obtained by
the above step. By analyzing those graphs the series or
variety of the singing voice can be estimated. This is an
important step for actual picking of range of the pitch
variation. Pitch varies as singer proceeds with the song. This
extent to which the voice is high or low as singer sings a
song is pitch variety or range. This is the basic thing to
study. If we can get the pitch range then we can develop
variety of applications based on voice processing. By
analyzing those graphs and some figures we can easily
estimate the range of the pitch.
The pitch obtained in this process/method is not a value, but
it a range or variety of values that can be used for further
processes. The following/ below model can be used to
extract these pitch ranges from vocal partials.
Fig 1 Steps in Pitch Detection
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 618
3. MERITS OF PITCH DETECTION.
There are many advantages of pitch. By detection of pitch
we can enhance the research area and enrich research in
voice processing. The advantages of the pitch are elaborated
below.
i) Pitch is the most basic characteristic of voice. So by
detecting the pitch we can do many other things like
intensity and timbre detection.
ii) Separation of voice and music - If we have the pitch
then we can separate the human voice and musical parts. We
have to decide pitch range for each alphabet or for each
word. Then by analyzing various pitch ranges from the
musical record we can decide the words and separate them
out to the paper.
iii) Gender Identification - As we have the pitch, we can
easily detect the gender of the singer as male and female
voices have different pitch range. As male and female pitch
ranges or levels are different as differentiable, then we can
definitely identify the gender of
iv) Lyric Separation/Extraction- We can separate out the
words of the song sung by the singer. Pitch is an important
aspect here. Lyric is the words spoken by singer or words of
the song. These words have different pitch ranges. So by
detecting pitch, we can easily detect the of the song. So we
can separate out words or lyric from the record.
v) Information Retrieval- We can retrieve large amount of
information from these musical records, if we have the
pitch. Various instruments have various pitch ranges. So
they can give more relative musical information. Large
amount of characteristics can be retrieved from music or
song. Pitch, timbre and other characters of voice cn be
retrieved from the voice easily by using pitch.
vi) Instrument Detection: Various instruments have
various pitch ranges. Vocal partials are known as vibratos
whereas Musical partials are known as Tremolos. There are
two types of musical instruments, first one is harmonic
instrument and second one is percussive. Harmonic
instruments are mostly key pressing or tense wired
instruments those includes flute, guitar. Percussive
instruments includes tabla, drum etc. So, these instruments
have different pitch range, by estimating pitch we can
identify the instrument easily.
vii) Raag Identification- Identifying Raag is definitely
beneficial for new classical singers or classical music
students. As Raag is digitized here, they can be stored and
easily studied by the students.
vii) Identification of deceases- We can identify deceases
related to the vocal system like Lungs, throat, other organs
included in production of voice. We also can determine the
problems related breathing organs and some vocal organs.
This research will give vital benefit to medical science
research and will work for benefit of mankind.
4. LIMITATIONS OF PITCH DETECTION
There are some limitations also which are discussed below.
4.1 Complexity
The entire process of detection of pitch is very complex and
difficult to implement. The method requires some electronic
devices and accurate software. It is very difficult to develop
software which is very complex.
4.2 Accuracy
Any kind of mistake or wrong conversions leads to an error.
These are not allowed. Any wrong conversion or input may
change entire output and system may work wrongly.
Accuracy level must be very high. Any mistake or bug or
error can lead to failure of application or will give wrong
output.
4.4 Separation and comparison:
The separation of voice, noise, music, words, vocal parts are
difficult to implement. Here, high level of accuracy
required. Then to compare that data and to produce result
more complex methods are required. So, this comparison
must not be error prone.
5. APPLICATIONS OF PITCH DETECTION
By extracting pitch range or trend or variety we can asses
many things. By using or analyzing those things we can
develop many soft wares and applications those may add
value to the society.
i) Singer Identification System: We can identify singer by
estimating pitch range of his voice. This application can be
used for various purposes related to music. We can identify
the singer by using pitch variety in his singing. The pitch
range can identify the singer who is performing. This can be
done at real time also if system have the historic samples of
singer‟s voice.
ii) Confirmation of voice: Many times controversies related
to recorded voice, happening in real time world. These
controversies can be resolved by using voice identification
system. This system will compare person‟s voice with
recorded voice and check for similarities.
iii) Voice Separation System: Separation of voice from
musical record is required in special cases. To make only
music file, the vocal parts are removed. Karawaks are made
by using this technique.
iv) Lyric Identification System: This system identifies
words from the song or speech or voice. The Lyric are
separated from the record by using pitch range. As each
word has its own pitch range.
v) Gender Identification System: By using pitch we can
identify the gender of singer or person. Male and female
voices have different pitch ranges. So by comparing these
ranges we can determine the gender from voice of the
person.
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 619
vi) Raag Identification System: As pitch is basic
characteristic of voice, by using pitch we can estimate raag
from the classical music or classical song. Raag‟ detection is
also needful when application deals with classical music.
Raag is central structure in Indian classical music. Raag is
also known as unique set of complex melodic gestures. In
one song similar bits and trend is repeated constantly and
continuously. That repeated pattern is known as „Raag‟.
Same pattern of wave forms are repeated that can be
collected and stored to identify the raag. If we can separate
that repeated pattern then we can easily separate, identify
and store that pattern as raag.
vii) Decease detection system: Various deceases related to
the lung and breathing system can be identified by using
voice processing techniques. As lungs and entire breathing
system works to produce voice, by detecting and analyzing
various aspects of voice we can detect deceases related to
breathing system of human body.
vii) Composing Song: By analyzing and understanding
digital raag, music composer can compose many songs by
using same raag. This is more important advantage.
vii) Identification of Time of Recording of Voice: We can
identify the time slot in which the voice is recorded. The
pitch and timbre combination can lead to identification of
recording time. The system can identify time slot of
recording like morning, evening or afternoon recording.
viii) Age Identification System- Age of the singer can be
assessed by using this pitch and timbre. Age of singer or age
group can be identified by the software using pitch and
timbre values.
ix) Security Applications- We can create various devices
for authentication of person, similar to biometric devices.
We can identify suspected enemy by his voice. We can use
these records as evidence in judicial matters. These are
definitely the future scopes that can benefit mankind.
6. CONCLUSION
This paper studies method for singing pitch detection in
musical recordings. This paper studies method of detecting
pitch range from voice. The studied method says that by
following some steps it can extract pitch from voice. We
studied that Pitch can be defined as the extent to which
sound is high or low. It is the level of sound which may be
high or low. It is also known as particular level of intensity
of sound. Pitch detection is known as determining the level
of intensity of voice. Pitch detection is determining the
extent of voice to which it is high or low. This paper also
studies advantages and disadvantages of the pitch. This
paper also studies applications and future scope of the pitch
i.e. uses of pitch. We mainly studied that there is a method
that can detect pitch from singing voice and we can obtain
its range by the respective method.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Singing voice pitch detection and voice separation and
supporting documents are the work of many people,
including Chao Ling Hsu, DeLiang Wang, Jyh-Shig Roger
Jang. I also thank teachers and authors of different papers
which are referred for study. I also thank my project guide
and my teachers who always guided me. I also thank my
classmates and friends who helped me in my study.
REFERENCES
[1]. Chao Ling Hsu, Deling Wang,Jhy Shing”A Trend
Estimation Algorithm For Singing Pitch Detection In
Musical Recordings”.
[2]. Chao Ling Hsu, Deling Wang”A Tandem Algorithm
For Singing Pitch Extraction and Voice Separation From
Musical Accompaniment”.
[3]. L. Regnier, G. Peeters “singing voice detection in music
tracks using direct voice vibrato detection”.
[4]. Yipeng Li and DeLiang Wang ”detecting pitch of
singing voice in polyphonic audio”.
[5]. L. Regnier, G. Peeters, ”singing voice detection in
music tracks using direct voice vibrato detection”.
BIOGRAPHIES
Andhalkar Sumeet Sudhakar, Studying
Masters of Engineering (Computer
Engineering) in G.H.R.C.E.M., Wagholi,
Pune. Has completed Bachelor of
Engineering in Information Technology
from B.V.C.O.E. Kolhapur