The document discusses various musical textures and forms. It defines texture as the way melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic materials are combined, identifying monophony, homophony, and polyphony. It then explains various musical forms including binary form, ternary form, rondo form, and theme and variations. Examples are provided for each to help illustrate the different musical textures and forms.

1. Musical Textures and
Forms

2. Texture in Music
The way the melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic materials are
combined in a composition.

3. Monophony
One or more voices or instruments perform a single melody.
“One Year Begins Lady Lothian's Lilt”
http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/wintersever-
lightdarkness/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GbiZulU70J0

4. Bach, Suite No. 1 for Cello Solo in C Major
http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/paternoster-cellosuites1/

5. Homophony
One independent melodic line accompanied by other voices or
instruments.
W. A. Mozart, Piano Concerto No. 21
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKZr3ExeXUc&list=PLF03B0C
0C7E1EABCB

6. http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/voicesofmusic-bach/
J. S. Bach, Air from Orchestral Suite No. 3
(BWV 1068)

7. http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/abaroque-mozart/
http://conquest.imslp.info/files/imglnks/usimg/8/86/IMSLP26717-
PMLP59217-Mozart_-_Oboe_Quartet__K.370__Boosey_score_.pdf

8. Polyphony
• Two or more equally independent melodies occur at the same time.
• Often is based on imitation.
Bach, Fugue in D Major
- 4 voices (each comes in a different color)
- Is based on imitation (each voice is entering with the same melody)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0HoK8yZS1c
Surge Illuminare by Palestrina
http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/zephyrus-angelus/

9. Listening Activity
Determine the texture (monophonic, homophonic, or
polyphonic).
1. http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/bachplay-bacharr/
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkipsBpOkYI
3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxG-kOTMgaA

10. Motive
A short distinctive idea or unit.
Can consist only of a few notes or rhythms.
May be used to construct complete melodies, themes, and
pieces.
http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/forms/motive.php

11. Beethoven, Symphony No. 5, 1st Movement
http://content.thespco.org/music/compositions/symphony-no-5-ludwig-
van-beethoven/

12. Phrase, Period
A musical unit that has a complete musical sense.
Phrases are built from motives and combined to form larger
sections of a composition.
Cadence – a harmonic progression that gives a phrase a
distinctive ending.
Two or more phrases can be organized into a period.
Please press play button when you access this link.
http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/forms/phrase.php
http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/forms/period.php

13. Listen for motives, phrases and periods:
W. A. Mozart, Symphony No. 34, Finale
http://content.thespco.org/music/compositions/symphony-no-34-in-c-
wolfgang-amadeus-mozart/

14. Musical Form
The overall structure of a piece of music.
Labeling contrasting and repetitive sections of a piece with
letters.

15. Binary Form: AB
http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/forms/binary01.php
http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/forms/binary02.php
http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/forms/binary03.php
http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/forms/suite/courante.php
http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/forms/suite/air.php
Please be sure you press “play” buttons and listen to the
examples.

16. Ternary Form: ABA
http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/forms/ternary01.php
http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/forms/ternary02.php
http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/forms/ternary03.php
Please be sure you press “play” button and listen to the
examples.

17. Rondo Form: ABACADA
http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/forms/rondo01.php
http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/forms/rondo02.php
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUcgLs1eVaE
Please be sure you press “play” button and listen to the
examples.

18. Theme and Variations
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
A – theme
A1, A2, etc. – variations on the theme
Listening:
http://content.thespco.org/music/compositions/variations-on-
a-rococo-theme-piotr-ilyich-tchaikovsky/
A score to the listening above:
http://erato.uvt.nl/files/imglnks/usimg/2/28/IMSLP19116-
PMLP04622-
Tchaikovsky_Rococo_Var__Russian___Fitzenhagen__score.pdf

19. Listening Activity
As you listen to the following composition, please note:
1. How many variations.
2. How the theme is altered in each variation.
Arensky, Variations on a Theme of Tchaikovsky
Link to the score (please listen looking at the score):
http://erato.uvt.nl/files/imglnks/usimg/1/13/IMSLP94157-
PMLP194168-
Arensky__AS__Variations_on_a_Theme_by_P.Tschaikovsy__Op.35
a_FS.pdf
Link to the music:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRKiE8o3NQU

20. Required Readings
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture_(music)
• http://cnx.org/content/m11645/latest/
• http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/forms/index.php