Pigeon pea is an important crop that originated in India. It is grown for its edible seeds which are high in protein, and its leaves, shoots and fodder which are used for human consumption and animal feed. The major growing regions are India, East Africa, and the Caribbean. Pigeon pea has a taproot system and trifoliate leaves. Its flowers form in axillary racemes and are self-pollinated. The pods contain 2-5 seeds that vary in size, shape and color. Traditional self-pollination and cross-pollination techniques include emasculation, pollen collection and artificial pollination.

1. Pigeon pea

2. INTRODUCTION
 Common Name: Pigeon Pea, Congo Pea, Red Gram, Arhar.
 Botanical Name: Cajanus cajan syn. Cajanus indicus
 Family: Fabaceae

3. IMPORTANCE
 Uses:
 Food; seeds are 25% protein, can be eaten fresh
or as split dried peas, are used for dhal in India,
contain 5 times more Vitamin A and C than green
peas. The leaves and young shoots can be eaten
cooked, they are fibrous and have a strong spicy
odour.
 Animal Fodder; an excellent feed for cattle, pigs
and poultry.
 Green Manure; incorporate the plants as they
flower.
 Mulch production; can be cut many times in a
season.
 Alley cropping; provides nitrogen, habitat and soil
stabilisation.
 Windbreaks; suitable as a shelterbelt around
vegetable

4. GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
 The major countries growing pegeonpea are
India, Uganda, Kenya, West Indies, Puerto Rico,
Dominican Republic in Caribban region and
Burma.
 In India, main region cultivated in Maharashtra,
Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka,
Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh.

5. ORIGIN
 PIGEON PEA ORGINATED IN INDIA AS IS MADE LIKELY BYTHE PRESENCE OF
WILDE RELATIVES,THE LARGEDIVERSITY OF THE GENE POOL, AMPLE LINGUITIC
EVIDENCE, A FEW ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS AND WIDE HOME
CONSUMPTION USAGE.
 SOME AUTHERS FAVOUR AN AFRICAN ORIGIN.
 AUSTRALIA WITH 15 WILD SPECIES OF WHICH 13 ARE ENDEMIC, IS ANOTHER
CENTER OF DIVERSITY

6. species
 Cajanus species( Van Der Maesen, 1990) has 32
species:(belowing is 6 main species)
 Species Most common
Synonym
 Cajanus acutifolius Rhynchosia
acutifolia
 C. albicans Atylosia
albicans
 C. cromaticus -----------
 C. cajan C. idicus
 C. cajanifolius A.caranifolia
 C. cinereus A. cinerea

7. BOTANY
 Root system
 Root system of pigeon pea consists of a
central tap root with numerous lateral and
secondary branches. The length of the
lateral roots differs with the variety; usually
tall, upright varieties produce longer and
more deeply penetrating roots, whereas
spreading types produce shallower, more
spreading and deeper roots.

8. BOTA..
 Leaves
 Leaves are trifoliately compound; central leaflet
longer than lateral ones. The leaflets are entire
and densely silky on the lower surface. Stipules are
small; lamina hairy with the under surface grayish
due to dense hairs. The intensity of the green color
of the leaves differs with the variety. The total
length of the leaf, as also the size, shape and
texture of leaflets also differ with the varieties.

9. BOTA..
 Inflorescence
 The inflorescence is an axillary raceme often
forming a terminal panicle. The size of
inflorescence varies in different types. The
flowers are distinctly papallionaceous. In the
late maturing varieties, the flowers are usually
grouped together at the ends of the
branches, but in early maturing varieties, the
flowers are produced at several points along
the branches. Usually flowers open at a time
on the same inflorescence, but the process
of flowering continuous in each plant almost
up to the time of harvest. The flowers are self
pollinated, pollination takes place before the
flowers open. Cross fertilization may also
occur to some extent.

10. BOTA..
 Pods
 The fruit of pigeon pea is a pod. These
vary in length, width and nature of
markings. The length varies from 5 to
10 centimeter, width from 0.6 to 0.9
centimeter. The pods vary in color
from green to dark brown. In some
types, they are broad and pendant
with their tips pointing downwards
while in others they are quiet erect.
The seed with in the pod may vary in
number, but there are usually four to
five in each pod in late maturing
varieties and two to three in early
maturing varieties.

11. BOTA..
 Seeds
 Seeds are differing in great deal in size, shape and
color. Seeds are round or lens shaped, the color
of the seeds coat being dirty white to silver white,
light brown to chestnut brown, dark mottled
brown and pinkish black and the cotyledons
yellow colored.

12. Floral Characteristics
 Flower is the similar in structure to that of other legums

13. Inflorescence
 Size of the inflorescence varies in different types and there
may be many as 10 flowers in each inflorescence
 Usually two flowers open at the a time on the same
inflorescence

14. Flower
 Individual flower consist of acalyx with five sepals
and coralla with a standard petal, two wings
petals, and a keel petals.
 There are 10 statements: 9 fused in a column and
1 free.
 One stigma was coverd of central 9 stamens in
column.

17. ANTHESIS
 Flower start opening early in the morning in the
summer and by noon during winter,continuous
opening throughout the day. The lengt of time
flowers remain open is influenced by the weather.

18. pollination
 Stigma is receptive pollen before anthesis and
pollination can be done immediately after
emasculation.
 Pollen in buds remained viable up to 42 hours at
room temprate (25-28oc, 50.6% humidity) and up
to 11 days in the refrigerator( 10o c, 37.5%
humidity).

19. Selfing techniques
 Bagging of young bud
 Manual transfer of freshly collected pollen on stigmas of
flowers of the same plant

20. Crossing techniques
Includes
Hand emasculation
Pollen collection
Artificial pollination

21. Emasculation
 Removal of anthers from flower
 Use hand eliminate a half of bud
 Use forcep remove the anther in stamens

22. Pollen collection &
pollination
 Collect pollen from the male parent during early
morning.
 Pollinate on the stigma of emasculated flower
 Bag the pollinated flower to prevent out crossing