Pract no. 9 (b) floral biology of mangotusharamodugu
Scientific Name: Mangifera indica L.
Common Names: Mamidi, Am
Chromosome number : 2n = 2x = 40
The origin of mango is Indo – Burma region.
In India Mango is acclaimed as “King of fruits”.
Floral Biology :
Inflorescence :
Inflorescence is a large and terminal panicle.
The branching of the inflorescence is usually tertiary, rarely quaternary, but the ultimate branching is always cymose.
The mango inflorescence or panicle bears mainly two types of flowers – male and hermaphrodite.
The panicle bear 500-6000 flowers of which 1-70% are bisexual, remaining are male depending on the cultivar and temperature during its development. The percentage of perfect flowers varies between 0.74 per cent in Rumani, 16.41 to 55.7 per cent in Neelum and up to 69.8 per cent in Langra.
Pract no. 9 (b) floral biology of mangotusharamodugu
Scientific Name: Mangifera indica L.
Common Names: Mamidi, Am
Chromosome number : 2n = 2x = 40
The origin of mango is Indo – Burma region.
In India Mango is acclaimed as “King of fruits”.
Floral Biology :
Inflorescence :
Inflorescence is a large and terminal panicle.
The branching of the inflorescence is usually tertiary, rarely quaternary, but the ultimate branching is always cymose.
The mango inflorescence or panicle bears mainly two types of flowers – male and hermaphrodite.
The panicle bear 500-6000 flowers of which 1-70% are bisexual, remaining are male depending on the cultivar and temperature during its development. The percentage of perfect flowers varies between 0.74 per cent in Rumani, 16.41 to 55.7 per cent in Neelum and up to 69.8 per cent in Langra.
This Presentation is about Lentil (Lens culinaris), also known as Massur, Masoor, Masura. This Presentation includes Introduction, Biological Classification, Morphology of Lentil Plant, Floral Biology, Origin, Cytology, Breeding Objectives, Breeding Procedures, Diseases and Insects damage the Lentil Crop,
BITTERGOURD CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BITTER GOURDArvind Yadav
BITTER GOURD
Scientific name : Momordica charantia L.
Family : Cucurbitaceae
Chromosome number :2n=22
Origin : Tropical Asia (Eastern India and
Southern China)
Common names : Balsam pear, Bitter cucumber
Varieties:-
Pusa Do Mausmi
Pusa Vishesh
CO 1
MDU 1
COBgoH-1
VK 1 Priya
Priyanka(Sel.1010)
Arka Harit
Harkani
Phule Green
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
The detail cultivation practices of Banana fruit crop.
HORT-243 Production technology of fruit crops and plantation crops.
Here, within this ppt the detail cultivation of banana fruit crop is included.
Carrot cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
This presentation covers the production technology of the arhar crop. It also includes the latest data with respect to the area and production in India and a little about its origin and botany of the plant.
Answer and describe the following five plants habit, habitat, life .pdfarihantpatna
Answer and describe the following five plants: habit, habitat, life span, throns, spines or prickles,
infloresences, leaves (complexity, attachment to stem, arrangement, blade shape, margin, apex,
base, venation and trichomes). Other interesting facts.
1. Isomeris arboea (Bladderpod) - Drought tolerant plant
2. Sinningia macrostachya
3. Ceropegia dichotoma
4. Lilium longiflorum
5. Peperomia verticiliata
Solution
I. Isomeris arboea
Also known as Bladderpod, Burrofat and California cleome.This plant is a fast-growing
evergreen dicot shrub from the family Capparaceae. It is a dense shrub with profuse branching
and small hairs/trichomes. It normally grows in well-draining rocky areas with good exposure to
sunlight. It is found in Southern Sierra Nevada Foothills, Tehachapi Mountain area, San Joaquin
Valley,Central Coast, South Coast, Channel Islands, Deserts, and Baja,CA
Habitat - Coastal bluffs, hills, desert washes, flats below 3,900\'
Height by Width: 3-4\' H x 4\' W
Stems - profusely branched; glabrate or puberulent (bark corky, twigs smooth)
inflorescence: The plant produces abundant inflorescences at the ends of the stem branches, each
a cluster of bright yellow flowers. Each flower has usually four petals and six whiskery
protruding stamens with curling tips holding the anthers. The fruit is an inflated capsule about 4
centimeters long and usually oval in shape. It is smooth and green when new, aging to light
brown. Fruits when dry, resemble a paper lantern that rattles (the seeds inside the dried fruit
rattle around). The flowers are dense terminal racemes. The calyx is four-cleft and the sepals are
fused in the basal half. It has four petals ½” long, 6 yellow stamens that are long and a pistil with
a short style. Sepals persistent, connate ca. 1/2 of length, green, lanceolate, 4–7 × 2.2–4 mm,
margins entire, glabrous; petals yellow, ovate-elliptic, 8–14 × 4.2–5 mm, (apex acute); stamens
yellow, 15–25 mm; anthers 2–2.5 mm; gynophore (reflexed), 10–20 mm in fruit; ovary 3–6 mm
(often aborting in bud); style 0.9–1.2 mm. Capsules (tardily dehiscent), usually inflated ,(valves
sometimes 3), 20–30 × 6–12 mm, smooth. Seeds 5–25, dark brown, obovoid, 6–7 × 5–6 mm,
smooth.
Leaves: Its leaves are made up of three equal leaflike leaflets, each a long, pointed oval 1-4 cm
long. The leaves are alternate, entire, petiolate and trifoliate with leaflets that are oblong-elliptic
with small pointed tips. petiole 1–3 cm; leaflets 3, blade oblong-elliptic, 1.5–4.5 × 0.4–1.3 cm,
margins serrate, apex acuminate to obtuse, surfaces glaucous. Racemes 1–3 cm (6–40 cm in
fruit); bracts unifoliate, obovate to spatulate, 2–15 mm. Pedicels 7–15 mm (thickened in fruit).
extra information:
II. Sinningia macrostachya
Family: Gesneriaceae
Popular names – leather leaf, Gloxinia
Sinningia macrostachya has a perennial stem base, very stiff leaves, and numerous small orange
flowers. Its fleshy stems are joined to the woody trunk. Each year, the woody part of the stems
exten.
This Presentation is about Lentil (Lens culinaris), also known as Massur, Masoor, Masura. This Presentation includes Introduction, Biological Classification, Morphology of Lentil Plant, Floral Biology, Origin, Cytology, Breeding Objectives, Breeding Procedures, Diseases and Insects damage the Lentil Crop,
BITTERGOURD CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BITTER GOURDArvind Yadav
BITTER GOURD
Scientific name : Momordica charantia L.
Family : Cucurbitaceae
Chromosome number :2n=22
Origin : Tropical Asia (Eastern India and
Southern China)
Common names : Balsam pear, Bitter cucumber
Varieties:-
Pusa Do Mausmi
Pusa Vishesh
CO 1
MDU 1
COBgoH-1
VK 1 Priya
Priyanka(Sel.1010)
Arka Harit
Harkani
Phule Green
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
The detail cultivation practices of Banana fruit crop.
HORT-243 Production technology of fruit crops and plantation crops.
Here, within this ppt the detail cultivation of banana fruit crop is included.
Carrot cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
This presentation covers the production technology of the arhar crop. It also includes the latest data with respect to the area and production in India and a little about its origin and botany of the plant.
Answer and describe the following five plants habit, habitat, life .pdfarihantpatna
Answer and describe the following five plants: habit, habitat, life span, throns, spines or prickles,
infloresences, leaves (complexity, attachment to stem, arrangement, blade shape, margin, apex,
base, venation and trichomes). Other interesting facts.
1. Isomeris arboea (Bladderpod) - Drought tolerant plant
2. Sinningia macrostachya
3. Ceropegia dichotoma
4. Lilium longiflorum
5. Peperomia verticiliata
Solution
I. Isomeris arboea
Also known as Bladderpod, Burrofat and California cleome.This plant is a fast-growing
evergreen dicot shrub from the family Capparaceae. It is a dense shrub with profuse branching
and small hairs/trichomes. It normally grows in well-draining rocky areas with good exposure to
sunlight. It is found in Southern Sierra Nevada Foothills, Tehachapi Mountain area, San Joaquin
Valley,Central Coast, South Coast, Channel Islands, Deserts, and Baja,CA
Habitat - Coastal bluffs, hills, desert washes, flats below 3,900\'
Height by Width: 3-4\' H x 4\' W
Stems - profusely branched; glabrate or puberulent (bark corky, twigs smooth)
inflorescence: The plant produces abundant inflorescences at the ends of the stem branches, each
a cluster of bright yellow flowers. Each flower has usually four petals and six whiskery
protruding stamens with curling tips holding the anthers. The fruit is an inflated capsule about 4
centimeters long and usually oval in shape. It is smooth and green when new, aging to light
brown. Fruits when dry, resemble a paper lantern that rattles (the seeds inside the dried fruit
rattle around). The flowers are dense terminal racemes. The calyx is four-cleft and the sepals are
fused in the basal half. It has four petals ½” long, 6 yellow stamens that are long and a pistil with
a short style. Sepals persistent, connate ca. 1/2 of length, green, lanceolate, 4–7 × 2.2–4 mm,
margins entire, glabrous; petals yellow, ovate-elliptic, 8–14 × 4.2–5 mm, (apex acute); stamens
yellow, 15–25 mm; anthers 2–2.5 mm; gynophore (reflexed), 10–20 mm in fruit; ovary 3–6 mm
(often aborting in bud); style 0.9–1.2 mm. Capsules (tardily dehiscent), usually inflated ,(valves
sometimes 3), 20–30 × 6–12 mm, smooth. Seeds 5–25, dark brown, obovoid, 6–7 × 5–6 mm,
smooth.
Leaves: Its leaves are made up of three equal leaflike leaflets, each a long, pointed oval 1-4 cm
long. The leaves are alternate, entire, petiolate and trifoliate with leaflets that are oblong-elliptic
with small pointed tips. petiole 1–3 cm; leaflets 3, blade oblong-elliptic, 1.5–4.5 × 0.4–1.3 cm,
margins serrate, apex acuminate to obtuse, surfaces glaucous. Racemes 1–3 cm (6–40 cm in
fruit); bracts unifoliate, obovate to spatulate, 2–15 mm. Pedicels 7–15 mm (thickened in fruit).
extra information:
II. Sinningia macrostachya
Family: Gesneriaceae
Popular names – leather leaf, Gloxinia
Sinningia macrostachya has a perennial stem base, very stiff leaves, and numerous small orange
flowers. Its fleshy stems are joined to the woody trunk. Each year, the woody part of the stems
exten.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Potato & tuber crops morphology
1. POTATO
The potato is a tuber—a short, thick, underground stem with stored starches and sugars—of the potato plant. It was given
its botanical name, Solanum tuberosum, in 1596 by the Swiss botanist Gaspard Bauhin
S. tuberosum is an erect, juicy herb with numerous fleshy, robust, angular, branched stems up to 1.2 m tall and
subterranean tubiform stolons. Root system usually 40-50 cm deep, without obstructions up to 1 m. Tubers developing at
the tip of the stolons, globose to ellipsoid, very variable in size, weight and colour; tuber skin with scars of scale leaves
('eyebrows'), axillary buds ('eyes', usually several eye buds per eyebrow), numerous lenticels, almost impermeable to
chemicals, gases and liquids, providing good protection against microorganisms and water loss; number of eyes very
variable, normally about 10-15 on a tuber of 50 g.
2. Inflorescence:
The complete flower, including bud, pedicel and
peduncle
Internode:
The portion of the stem between the nodes or branches
of the stem;
Leafstalk:
The petiole, midrib, central vein, or supporting stalk of
a leaf;
Node:
The slightly enlarged part of a stem where buds are
formed and where leaves, branches and eyes originate;
Petiole:
The stalk connecting a leaf or leaflets to a stem;
Senescence:
To die prematurely as a result of stress from environmental
conditions or disease, or to die as a result of maturity (old age).
Senescence may be a gradual process or sudden occurrence;
Stolon:
The underground stem of a plant, the end of which may form a
tuber;
Tuber:
The short fleshy underground stem bearing buds or eyes;
Variety:
Seed potatoes that:
are distinguished by common morphological, physiological, cytological, chemical or other common characteristics, and
retain their distinguishing characteristics when reproduced;
Wings:
Protruding ridges running along the stem.
3. Apical:
Usually refers to terminal leaflets or the eye, bud, or rose end of
tubers
Axil:
The upper angle between a branch or leaf and the stem from
which it grows;
Axillary bud:
Located at the juncture of the stem and leaflet which may give
rise to secondary branches;
Bud:
Sprout or shoot consisting of rudimentary foliage or floral leaves;
Cultivar:
A variety of potatoes;
Eyebrow:
The ridge over the eye of a potato;
Foliage:
Masses of leaves and stems that make up a plant;
Haulm:
Plant stems or stalks; the vines of potato plants;
4. A typical potato leaf is
composed of two to four pairs
of primary leaflets arranged
on the mid-rib with a terminal
leaflet on the end
Leaves
Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd pinnately compound, with or without numerous interstitial leaflets, in outline
10-30 cm x 5-15 cm; lateral leaflets opposite or alternate, usually 3-4 pairs, very unequal in size, largest ones
stalked, ovate to ovate-elliptical, 2-10 cm x 1-6 cm, smallest ones subsessile, ovate to suborbicular, 1-15 mm
in diameter; terminal leaflet usually largest; all leaflets thinly to densely pubescent, dark green, pinnatinerved.
5. Between the primary leaflets are
smaller ones, called secondary
leaflets, which are often placed
irregularly along the mid-rib.
Tiny inconspicuous rudimentary or
tertiary leaflets can also be evident
along the mid-rib. The leaf is
attached to the plant by a petiole.
7. Depending on the variety, the leaf may:
•be long or short;
•be rigid, drooping or spreading;
•be flat or with side leaflets arched or drooping; or
•have a distinct petiole angle between leaf and stem
which occasionally can be used as a distinguishing
feature.
Arrangement and number of leaflets whether primary,
secondary or rudimentary, can also vary according to
variety. Leaflets may:
•be light, dark or grey-green in color;
•be hairy, smooth or wrinkled;
•be waxy, dull or glossy;
•be large or small;
•be broad or narrow;
•be flat or somewhat folded; or
•have equal or unequal lobes.
8. Stems
Identification criteria for stems include:
•Amount and location of pigment;
•Thickness;
•Hardness;
•Branching or non-branching habit;
•Stem emergence;
•Internode length (between leaves);
•Node size (swollen nodes are typical of a few varieties);
•Wing structure either wavy or straight.
Wings are protruding ridges running along the stem. Their
characteristic of being wavy or straight are often very useful in
confirming variety identification (see Figure 3-4). In most
potato variety descriptions, mention is only made to wing
structure when it is wavy. In all other cases it is straight or
nearly so. Incidentally, most varieties have hollow internodes.
Stems up to 1.5 cm in diameter,
usually hollow, winged; wings
sometimes decurrent and
undulate-crenulate.
9. Potato Stems Showing Types of Wings
Stem A demonstrates a straight, double
wing.
Stem B demonstrates a waved, double
wing.
Finally, Stem C demonstrates a slightly
waved, double wing.
Particularly, stem B has a dentate wing
while stem C is more undulate.
10. Inflorescence
The term inflorescence includes the complete pedicel (stalk which holds individual flowers), bud and peduncle
(stalk that holds flower clusters)
Potato Inflorescence
Potato flowers may be:
•White,
•Purple, and
•Faint blue.
11. Potato Flower Cross Sectional View
Inflorescence a many-flowered cymose panicle, sometimes with small bracteoles; peduncle 5-15 cm
long, branching above; pedicel up to 3.5 cm long, articulate at or above the middle; flowers white or
white suffused with pink or violet, typically with a greenish-yellow central star
12. Tubers
The end of the tuber which joins the stolon is called the stem end; the other end where the eyes are clustered is
known as the bud end
Tuber Shape
13. Lenticels are breathing pores that appear as tiny slits on the
tuber surface. They are the gateway for the gas exchange
(primarily to take in oxygen and exchange carbon dioxide) in
the tuber necessary for growth and development. Potato tubers
have 28 to 274 lenticels per tuber. Lenticel numbers will vary
by cultivar and tuber size. As tubers rapidly grow, the
rupturing of the periderm often forms more lenticels.
14. Fruit a subglobose berry, up to 2 cm
in diameter, yellow-green, 2-
carpellate, many-seeded, poisonous.
Seed flat, subcircular to ovate, 1-3
mm in diameter, pale yellow-
brownish.
17. Arrowroot / Maranta arundinacea/ Marantaceae
Arrowroot is an erect, perennial plant growing
about 1.2 metres tall. It has a shallow root
system, with rhizomes that penetrate more
deeply into the soil.
The plant produces a starch-rich root that is the
main source of arrowroot and also has various
medicinal applications. Often harvested from
the wild, it is also widely cultivated in tropical
regions for its root and is often grown as a
ground cover and ornamental in tropical
gardens and as a pot plant in cooler climates
19. •Colocasia and Xanthosoma together are known
as coco yam.
•In Colocasia, leaves are peltate and sterile
appendage is at top of spadix.
•In Xanthosoma, leaves are sagitate and sterile
appendage is absent.
Colocasia (Colocasia esculenta L. Scott)/ Araceae
20. Xanthosoma sagittifolium/ 2n = 26/ Araceae
•The genus Xanthosoma belongs to tribe
Colocasia. Tannia is a tall herbaceous
plant growing to 1.5 to 2.7 m and has
about 6 large outspreading hastate leaves
in contrast to peltate leaves in taro.
•In tannia, mother corm is more or less
cylindrical and surrounded by cormels
which develop from lateral buds adjacent
to leaf scars on the corm. Similar to taro,
mother corms and cormels are used
for planting. Since plants grow
vigorously, tannia is widely spaced at 1 x
I m.
25. Morphology
Sweet potato is a perennial plant mainly grown as an annual. The roots are adventitious, mostly located within the
top 25 cm of the soil. Some of the roots produce elongated starchy tubers that vary largely in shape, colour and
texture depending on the variety. The flesh of the tubers can be white, yellow, orange and purple whereas their skin
can be red, purple, brown or white. The stems are creeping slender vines, up to 4 m long. The leaves are green or
purplish, cordate, palmately veined, borne on long petioles. Sweet potato flowers are white or pale violet, axillary,
sympetalous, solitary or in cymes. The fruits are round, 1-4 seeded pods containing flattened seeds
Sweet potato
26. Growth habit. The sweet potato is a herbaceous and perennial plant. However, it is grown as an annual
plant by vegetative propagation using either storage roots or stem cuttings. Its growth habit is predominantly
prostrate with a vine system that expands rapidly horizontally on the ground. The types of growth habit of
sweetpotatoes are erect, semierect, spreading, and very spreading
27. Root system. The sweetpotato root system consists of fibrous roots that absorb nutrients and water, and anchor
the plant, and storage roots that are lateral roots, which store photosynthetic products.
The root system in plants obtained by vegetative propagation starts with adventitious roots that develop into
primary fibrous roots, which are branched into lateral roots. As the plant matures, thick pencil roots that have
some lignification are produced. Other roots that have no lignification, are fleshy and thicken a lot, are called
storage roots.
Plants grown from true seed form a typical root with a central axle with lateral branches. Later on, the central
axle functions as a storage root
28. Tuber-root. It is also called
storage root have a skin
coloured from red to purple,
from brown to white
depending on the variety; as
well as the pulp that varies
from white to yellow, orange
or purple.
A tuberous root or storage
root, is a modified lateral root,
enlarged to function as a
storage organ.
29. Stem. A sweetpotato stem is cylindrical and its length, like that of the internodes, depends on the growth habit
of the cultivar and of the availability of water in the soil. The erect cultivars are approximately 1 m long, while
the very spreading ones can reach more than 5 m long
Leaves. The leaves are simple and spirally arranged alternately on the stem in a pattern known as 2/5
phyllotaxis (there are 5 leaves spirally arranged in 2 circles around the stem for any two leaves be located in
the same vertical plane on the stem).
30. The leaf color
can be green-
yellowish, green
or can have
purple
pigmentation in
part or all the
leaf blade. Some
cultivars show
purple young
leaves and green
mature leaves.
31. Flowers. Sweetpotato cultivars
differ in their ability of flower.
Under normal conditions in the
field, some cultivars do not flower,
others produce very few flowers,
and others flower profusely.
The inflorescence is generally a
cyme
32. Fruits and seeds. The fruit is a capsule,
more or less spherical with a terminal tip,
and can be pubescent or glabrous. The
capsule turns brown when mature.
33. Storage-root. The storage roots are the commercial part of the sweetpotato plant, and sometimes are mistakenly
named "tubers". Most cultivars develop storage roots at the nodes of the mother stem cuttings that are
underground. However, the very spreading cultivars produce storage roots at some of the nodes that come into
contact with the soil.
The parts of the storage roots are the proximal end that joins to the stem, through a root stalk, and where many
adventitious buds are found from which the sprouts are originated; a central part which is more expanded; and the
distal end that is opposite to the root stalk.