Tobacco
•
11 likes•7,305 views
This document discusses tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum). It provides details on the scientific name, family, chromosome number, and origin in America. It notes that tobacco is one of five large genera in the solanaceae family, and that India is the 4th largest producer and 8th largest exporter. It describes the origin and evolution of tobacco from hybridization and chromosome doubling of other Nicotiana species. It outlines the floral biology, selfing and crossing techniques used in tobacco production and breeding. Important tobacco varieties grown in India are also listed.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Breeding Methods of Brinjal.
This document provides an overview of brinjal/eggplant, including its taxonomy, origin, distribution, floral biology, breeding techniques, objectives, and major research centers. It discusses that brinjal is a self-pollinated crop native to India that is an important vegetable worldwide. Common breeding objectives are to develop varieties with high yield, biotic/abiotic stress resistance, and preferred fruit qualities. Key breeding methods include pure line selection, pedigree, bulk, backcrossing, and heterosis. Major research on brinjal is conducted in India, Taiwan, and other Asian and North American countries.
Tobacco
This document summarizes information about tobacco, including its botanical name, origin in South America, chromosome number, self-pollination, description of floral parts, symmetry, bracteate calyx and corolla, androecium and gynoecium. It also describes the habitat, habit, leaves, inflorescence, calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium, fruit, and seed of Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica. The document discusses anthesis, selfing technique which involves covering the inflorescence with a paper bag, and crossing technique which involves emasculation of unopened flowers and dusting pollen from
Floral biology of Okra
This document summarizes the floral biology of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Okra is an erect, herbaceous annual plant originating from tropical Asia and Africa that grows 1-2 meters tall. It produces solitary, axillary flowers with yellow petals and crimson spots. The flowers have 5 united stamens, superior ovaries, and capsular fruits. Pollination is primarily by insects, though self-pollination can occur at a rate of 19%. Fertilization takes place within 2-6 hours of pollination.
presentation on chickpea
1. The presentation provides an overview of chickpeas, including their importance as a pulse crop in India, production levels, varieties, cultivation practices, and pest and disease management.
2. India is the world's largest producer and consumer of chickpeas, contributing over 70% of global area and production. The major chickpea producing states in India are Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Maharashtra.
3. Chickpeas are grown in the winter season and have various cultivation requirements including temperature, rainfall, soil type, seed treatment, fertilizer application, irrigation, and weed, pest and disease control.
Guava diseases ppt
Wilt is a pernicious disease of guava in India.
In India the disease was first recorded near Allahabad in 1935 . The infection was reported 15 -30 %.
The disease is a serious threat to guava cultivation in U.P. In West Bengal it reduces the yield in affected orchard by 80% .
The disease is also prevalent in Haryana Rajasthan , A.P ,
Punjab and M.P.The exact cause of the disease is still not fully understood but the pathogens viz. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii (Prasad, Mehta & Lal), Rhizoctonia spp. (Taub.) and various pathogens are reported by different workers may be the incitant of the disease.
Survival and spread:
Through movement of plants containing sick soil in virgin areas.
Short distance spread is by water.
Root injury predisposes wilt disease.
It has forced uprooting of about 150 acre of guava orchard in Panjab and 300 acres in Haryana during 1971-81.
Castor
1. Castor is an important crop grown in India and other tropical countries. India is the largest producer and supplier of castor seed and oil.
2. Research has focused on developing hybrid varieties of castor through creating male sterile lines and evaluating hybrids for yield and other traits.
3. Further research is needed to develop hybrids adapted to rainfed conditions, improve pollination systems, identify heterotic loci, and address issues with genomic instability in wide hybrids. New end uses for castor oil and derivatives also need to be explored.
Cowpea 12
Cowpea is a warm-season legume originating from Africa. It is an important food crop grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Cowpea has a diploid chromosome number of 22 and is self-pollinated. Major varieties grown in India include KBC-2, IT-38956-1, and KM-5. Breeding objectives focus on increasing yield, resistance to diseases and insects, and developing dual-purpose varieties.
Exercise 2 emasculation and hybridization in maize
This document discusses hybridization techniques in maize. It notes that maize is predominantly wind pollinated. The key hybridization techniques discussed are:
- Emasculation of the female plant by removing the tassel to prevent self-pollination.
- Bagging the female ear shoot and male tassel to collect pollen for cross-pollination.
- Dusting the collected pollen from the male parent onto the silks of the female ear after removing the bag, ensuring no contamination from other pollen sources. Proper labeling of the hybridization details is also important.
Recommended
Breeding Methods of Brinjal.
This document provides an overview of brinjal/eggplant, including its taxonomy, origin, distribution, floral biology, breeding techniques, objectives, and major research centers. It discusses that brinjal is a self-pollinated crop native to India that is an important vegetable worldwide. Common breeding objectives are to develop varieties with high yield, biotic/abiotic stress resistance, and preferred fruit qualities. Key breeding methods include pure line selection, pedigree, bulk, backcrossing, and heterosis. Major research on brinjal is conducted in India, Taiwan, and other Asian and North American countries.
Tobacco
This document summarizes information about tobacco, including its botanical name, origin in South America, chromosome number, self-pollination, description of floral parts, symmetry, bracteate calyx and corolla, androecium and gynoecium. It also describes the habitat, habit, leaves, inflorescence, calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium, fruit, and seed of Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica. The document discusses anthesis, selfing technique which involves covering the inflorescence with a paper bag, and crossing technique which involves emasculation of unopened flowers and dusting pollen from
Floral biology of Okra
This document summarizes the floral biology of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Okra is an erect, herbaceous annual plant originating from tropical Asia and Africa that grows 1-2 meters tall. It produces solitary, axillary flowers with yellow petals and crimson spots. The flowers have 5 united stamens, superior ovaries, and capsular fruits. Pollination is primarily by insects, though self-pollination can occur at a rate of 19%. Fertilization takes place within 2-6 hours of pollination.
presentation on chickpea
1. The presentation provides an overview of chickpeas, including their importance as a pulse crop in India, production levels, varieties, cultivation practices, and pest and disease management.
2. India is the world's largest producer and consumer of chickpeas, contributing over 70% of global area and production. The major chickpea producing states in India are Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Maharashtra.
3. Chickpeas are grown in the winter season and have various cultivation requirements including temperature, rainfall, soil type, seed treatment, fertilizer application, irrigation, and weed, pest and disease control.
Guava diseases ppt
Wilt is a pernicious disease of guava in India.
In India the disease was first recorded near Allahabad in 1935 . The infection was reported 15 -30 %.
The disease is a serious threat to guava cultivation in U.P. In West Bengal it reduces the yield in affected orchard by 80% .
The disease is also prevalent in Haryana Rajasthan , A.P ,
Punjab and M.P.The exact cause of the disease is still not fully understood but the pathogens viz. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii (Prasad, Mehta & Lal), Rhizoctonia spp. (Taub.) and various pathogens are reported by different workers may be the incitant of the disease.
Survival and spread:
Through movement of plants containing sick soil in virgin areas.
Short distance spread is by water.
Root injury predisposes wilt disease.
It has forced uprooting of about 150 acre of guava orchard in Panjab and 300 acres in Haryana during 1971-81.
Castor
1. Castor is an important crop grown in India and other tropical countries. India is the largest producer and supplier of castor seed and oil.
2. Research has focused on developing hybrid varieties of castor through creating male sterile lines and evaluating hybrids for yield and other traits.
3. Further research is needed to develop hybrids adapted to rainfed conditions, improve pollination systems, identify heterotic loci, and address issues with genomic instability in wide hybrids. New end uses for castor oil and derivatives also need to be explored.
Cowpea 12
Cowpea is a warm-season legume originating from Africa. It is an important food crop grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Cowpea has a diploid chromosome number of 22 and is self-pollinated. Major varieties grown in India include KBC-2, IT-38956-1, and KM-5. Breeding objectives focus on increasing yield, resistance to diseases and insects, and developing dual-purpose varieties.
Exercise 2 emasculation and hybridization in maize
This document discusses hybridization techniques in maize. It notes that maize is predominantly wind pollinated. The key hybridization techniques discussed are:
- Emasculation of the female plant by removing the tassel to prevent self-pollination.
- Bagging the female ear shoot and male tassel to collect pollen for cross-pollination.
- Dusting the collected pollen from the male parent onto the silks of the female ear after removing the bag, ensuring no contamination from other pollen sources. Proper labeling of the hybridization details is also important.
Rootstock
Rootstocks are used in fruit tree propagation to produce stronger, quicker establishing trees that take on desirable rootstock traits. Rootstocks help control tree size, influence scion growth habits and productivity, and can impart resistance to stresses. For many fruit crops, rootstocks are important to provide adaptations to different soil and climate conditions. Common rootstock varieties are used for different fruits like mango, banana, grape, pomegranate, guava, and apple to influence tree characteristics and performance.
Maintenance breeding
Maintenance breeding is the branch of plant breeding that deals with producing and maintaining breeder seed to preserve the genetic purity and identity of plant varieties. It involves continuously producing fresh breeder seed through methods like growing isolated plots and bulk selection to remove off-types. Proper handling and roguing of the breeder seed crop is crucial. The breeder seed is then used to produce foundation seed while maintaining a carry-over stock to safeguard against losses. Maintenance breeding helps purify varieties and parental lines, prevent genetic deterioration, support quality seed production, and prolong the life of varieties.
Floral biology of important cucurbits
This document summarizes the floral biology of several important cucurbit crops. It describes features such as the type of inflorescence, timing of anthesis and anther dehiscence, pollen fertility periods, and stigma receptivity windows. Key points covered include cucumber flowers being bracteate and unisexual, bitter gourd stigmas being most receptive at anthesis, and watermelon pollen losing viability after 30 hours at room temperature. The document provides useful information on the reproductive characteristics and pollination requirements of various cucurbit species.
Cotton, origin, Floral structure & biology, Breeding Techniques, Challenges
Cotton is an important crop grown in over 80 countries. The document discusses the taxonomy of cotton including its four main cultivated species, centers of origin, and genetic composition. It summarizes India's role as the largest producer and consumer of cotton globally, as well as details on production, state distribution, and high-yielding varieties used. Breeding methods including introduction, selection, hybridization, and biotechnology are outlined. Pests, diseases, and future research priorities are also mentioned.
Cowpea
This document discusses the floral biology and breeding techniques of cowpea. It begins with an introduction and overview of the taxonomy, origin, and description of cowpea. The floral structure is then described, including its inflorescence, corolla, stamens, and ovary. Details are provided about anthesis, or flowering period, and cytology. The document outlines that cowpea is self-pollinating but bagging of mature flower buds can be done. Cross-pollination techniques involving emasculation and pollination are also described. Finally, the key breeding objectives of cowpea are listed such as high yield, appropriate plant type, and resistances.
$Cauliflower breeding
This document discusses the taxonomy, origins, cultivation, and breeding of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). It begins by classifying cauliflower taxonomically and noting its introduction to India in 1822. It then discusses the origins of cauliflower and other cole crops in the Mediterranean region. The document outlines key traits that have been a focus in cauliflower breeding programs, such as curd quality, disease resistance, and climate adaptation. It also provides details on cauliflower growth phases, production trends in India, and methods for hybrid seed production.
Pigeon pea
Pigeon pea is an important crop that originated in India. It is grown for its edible seeds which are high in protein, and its leaves, shoots and fodder which are used for animal feed. The major growing regions are India, East Africa, and the Caribbean. Pigeon pea has a taproot system and trifoliate leaves. Its flowers form in axillary racemes and are self-pollinated. The pods contain 2-5 seeds that vary in size, shape and color. Traditional self-pollination and cross-pollination techniques involve emasculating flowers and manually transferring pollen.
Floral Biology, Selfing & Crossing techniques and Seed Production on Mustard
This document provides information about mustard floral biology, selfing and crossing techniques, and hybrid seed production. It discusses the floral structure of mustard, including the androecium and gynoecium. It describes selfing using muslin bags and crossing techniques involving emasculation and controlled pollination. The document outlines breeding objectives like higher yield, biotic/abiotic stress resistance. It also discusses breeding methods used in mustard like hybridization, mass selection and hybrid seed production using cytoplasmic genetic male sterility system with A, B, and R lines.
Pea
Peas (Pisum sativum) are an important crop that originated in Southwest Asia and Northeast Africa. They are grown worldwide for their fresh pods and dry seeds, which are rich in nutrients. Peas have pink flowers with five sepals and five petals, including one standard, two wings, and two keel petals fused around the stamens and pistil. Self-pollination is most common due to the timing of stigma receptivity and pollen release. Cross-pollination requires emasculation of male parts and application of pollen from another plant.
Tomato Breeding
Tomato has been extensively bred due to its short duration, easy cultivation, and large number of seeds per fruit. Breeding objectives include earliness, increased yield, fruit quality traits like size, color, and disease/stress resistance. Common breeding methods are introduction, pure line selection, pedigree, backcrossing, and heterosis breeding. Interspecific hybridization utilizes wild relatives for traits like disease resistance. New varieties have been developed with resistance to important diseases like bacterial wilt, nematodes, and viruses. Processing varieties have traits like uniform color, shape, acidity, and crack resistance.
CROP IMPROVEMENT IN BARLEY.pptx
Genetic variation is crucial for successful barley improvement. Genomic technologies are improving dramatically and are providing access to the genetic diversity within this important crop species. Diverse collections of barley germplasm are being assembled and mined via genome-wide association studies and the identified variation can be linked to the barley sequence assembly. Introgression of favorable alleles via marker-assisted selection is now faster and more efficient due to the availability of single nucleotide polymorphism platforms. High-throughput genotyping is also making genomic selection an essential tool in modern barley breeding.
Floral biology and breeding techniques in tomato
This document discusses flower biology and breeding techniques in tomatoes. It begins with an introduction to tomato taxonomy and production statistics. It then covers the objectives of tomato breeding, which include increasing yield, disease and stress resistance, and quality traits. The document discusses tomato flower biology and behavior, as well as emasculation, pollination, and hybridization techniques. It outlines common tomato breeding procedures like introduction, selection, backcrossing, and pedigree methods. Newer biotechnological techniques are also mentioned. Finally, it highlights a publicly developed Indian tomato hybrid called Arka Rakshak that has triple disease resistance.
Floral biology and crossing techniques in groundnut
1) Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important oilseed crop grown in tropical and warm regions between 400N to 400S latitude. India is the second largest producer after China.
2) The document discusses the floral biology, crossing techniques, breeding objectives and future thrusts in groundnut improvement. It details the flowering, pollination, peg formation and pod development process.
3) Major breeding objectives are increasing yield, biotic and abiotic stress resistance including drought, diseases, and temperature stresses, and improving quality traits like oil content. Using wild species to enhance the gene pool and transgenic approaches are suggested for future stress resistance.
Emasculation and hybridization in rice
Hybridization is a technique used in rice breeding to create genetically diverse varieties with desirable traits. The process involves crossing genetically dissimilar parents to produce hybrid offspring. Key steps include selecting female plants, emasculating unopened flowers to prevent self-pollination, collecting pollen from the desired male parent, and applying it to the emasculated female flowers. The hybridized seeds are then grown and evaluated to select varieties with increased yield, quality, disease resistance, and other targeted traits. Maintaining genetic diversity through hybridization techniques has been important for the health and productivity of rice crops globally.
Brinjal
This document provides information on eggplant (Solanum melangena). It discusses the family, scientific name, leading countries of cultivation, origin, botanical classification, varieties, hybridization, morphology, anthesis, pollination, fertilization, and artificial hybridization techniques of eggplant. It summarizes key details on the plant's structure, flowering characteristics and processes, and breeding methods.
Sugarcane ( Scientific cultivation of sugarcane crop)
India has the largest area under sugarcane cultivation in the world. Sugarcane is mainly grown in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu which also have the highest production. There are three main species of sugarcane cultivated. The crop requires tropical conditions and does best with temperatures between 26-32°C and annual rainfall of 75-120cm. Proper soil preparation, variety selection, fertilizer application, weed control and irrigation are important management practices for optimal yields. Pests like early shoot borer and diseases like red rot require control measures. Harvesting involves cutting cane at ground level when maturity is reached based on brix levels.
Hybrid Seed Production Technology of Maize
This document summarizes the process of hybrid seed production for maize. It discusses selecting appropriate parent lines and maintaining isolation distances between male and female lines. Key steps include planting ratios, detasseling the male plants, roguing undesirable plants, and harvesting when seeds reach proper maturity. Multiple inspections are needed to ensure genetic purity is maintained throughout production. Proper post-harvest handling and storage is also important for high quality hybrid maize seed.
Presentation on Breeding Techniques of Mustard and Rapeseed
Origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.
Intercultural operations in vegetable crops
This document provides an overview of 14 intercultural operations for vegetable crops: 1) transplanting and hardening off, 2) weeding, 3) thinning and gap filling, 4) irrigation, 5) staking, 6) manures and fertilizer application, 7) training and pruning, 8) mulching, 9) application of plant growth regulators, 10) insect pest and disease control, 11) earthing up, 12) dehaulming, 13) blanching, and 14) nipping. For each operation, common techniques are described, such as manual and chemical weeding methods, types of irrigation and fertilization, and controls for insects and diseases.
Sex expression in cucurbits
This document discusses sex expression in cucurbitaceous crops. It notes that cucurbits can have various sex forms ranging from hermaphroditic to monoecious to gynoecious. The major cucurbits like cucumber, bitter gourd, muskmelon, watermelon are typically monoecious. Gynoecious lines have been developed in some crops like cucumber and muskmelon through breeding. Sex determination is controlled by genes but can be modulated by environmental factors like temperature and photoperiod. Chemicals like silver nitrate and gibberellic acid can also induce staminate flowers.
Genome wide association studies seminar Prepared by Ms Varsha Gaitonde.
This ppt is related to the new era of association mapping,GWAP which is an emerging bud in mapping field.
Tobacco
Tobacco is a plant native to America that is processed and used in various products like cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco. There are over 70 types of tobacco. It is cultivated in many countries around the world. When smoked or chewed, tobacco exposes the user to nicotine, which is highly addictive similarly to heroin or cocaine, making cessation difficult and causing withdrawal symptoms like depression, anxiety, and cravings. Tobacco use also significantly increases the risk of various illnesses and diseases like cancer, heart disease, and respiratory problems.
More Related Content
What's hot
Rootstock
Rootstocks are used in fruit tree propagation to produce stronger, quicker establishing trees that take on desirable rootstock traits. Rootstocks help control tree size, influence scion growth habits and productivity, and can impart resistance to stresses. For many fruit crops, rootstocks are important to provide adaptations to different soil and climate conditions. Common rootstock varieties are used for different fruits like mango, banana, grape, pomegranate, guava, and apple to influence tree characteristics and performance.
Maintenance breeding
Maintenance breeding is the branch of plant breeding that deals with producing and maintaining breeder seed to preserve the genetic purity and identity of plant varieties. It involves continuously producing fresh breeder seed through methods like growing isolated plots and bulk selection to remove off-types. Proper handling and roguing of the breeder seed crop is crucial. The breeder seed is then used to produce foundation seed while maintaining a carry-over stock to safeguard against losses. Maintenance breeding helps purify varieties and parental lines, prevent genetic deterioration, support quality seed production, and prolong the life of varieties.
Floral biology of important cucurbits
This document summarizes the floral biology of several important cucurbit crops. It describes features such as the type of inflorescence, timing of anthesis and anther dehiscence, pollen fertility periods, and stigma receptivity windows. Key points covered include cucumber flowers being bracteate and unisexual, bitter gourd stigmas being most receptive at anthesis, and watermelon pollen losing viability after 30 hours at room temperature. The document provides useful information on the reproductive characteristics and pollination requirements of various cucurbit species.
Cotton, origin, Floral structure & biology, Breeding Techniques, Challenges
Cotton is an important crop grown in over 80 countries. The document discusses the taxonomy of cotton including its four main cultivated species, centers of origin, and genetic composition. It summarizes India's role as the largest producer and consumer of cotton globally, as well as details on production, state distribution, and high-yielding varieties used. Breeding methods including introduction, selection, hybridization, and biotechnology are outlined. Pests, diseases, and future research priorities are also mentioned.
Cowpea
This document discusses the floral biology and breeding techniques of cowpea. It begins with an introduction and overview of the taxonomy, origin, and description of cowpea. The floral structure is then described, including its inflorescence, corolla, stamens, and ovary. Details are provided about anthesis, or flowering period, and cytology. The document outlines that cowpea is self-pollinating but bagging of mature flower buds can be done. Cross-pollination techniques involving emasculation and pollination are also described. Finally, the key breeding objectives of cowpea are listed such as high yield, appropriate plant type, and resistances.
$Cauliflower breeding
This document discusses the taxonomy, origins, cultivation, and breeding of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). It begins by classifying cauliflower taxonomically and noting its introduction to India in 1822. It then discusses the origins of cauliflower and other cole crops in the Mediterranean region. The document outlines key traits that have been a focus in cauliflower breeding programs, such as curd quality, disease resistance, and climate adaptation. It also provides details on cauliflower growth phases, production trends in India, and methods for hybrid seed production.
Pigeon pea
Pigeon pea is an important crop that originated in India. It is grown for its edible seeds which are high in protein, and its leaves, shoots and fodder which are used for animal feed. The major growing regions are India, East Africa, and the Caribbean. Pigeon pea has a taproot system and trifoliate leaves. Its flowers form in axillary racemes and are self-pollinated. The pods contain 2-5 seeds that vary in size, shape and color. Traditional self-pollination and cross-pollination techniques involve emasculating flowers and manually transferring pollen.
Floral Biology, Selfing & Crossing techniques and Seed Production on Mustard
This document provides information about mustard floral biology, selfing and crossing techniques, and hybrid seed production. It discusses the floral structure of mustard, including the androecium and gynoecium. It describes selfing using muslin bags and crossing techniques involving emasculation and controlled pollination. The document outlines breeding objectives like higher yield, biotic/abiotic stress resistance. It also discusses breeding methods used in mustard like hybridization, mass selection and hybrid seed production using cytoplasmic genetic male sterility system with A, B, and R lines.
Pea
Peas (Pisum sativum) are an important crop that originated in Southwest Asia and Northeast Africa. They are grown worldwide for their fresh pods and dry seeds, which are rich in nutrients. Peas have pink flowers with five sepals and five petals, including one standard, two wings, and two keel petals fused around the stamens and pistil. Self-pollination is most common due to the timing of stigma receptivity and pollen release. Cross-pollination requires emasculation of male parts and application of pollen from another plant.
Tomato Breeding
Tomato has been extensively bred due to its short duration, easy cultivation, and large number of seeds per fruit. Breeding objectives include earliness, increased yield, fruit quality traits like size, color, and disease/stress resistance. Common breeding methods are introduction, pure line selection, pedigree, backcrossing, and heterosis breeding. Interspecific hybridization utilizes wild relatives for traits like disease resistance. New varieties have been developed with resistance to important diseases like bacterial wilt, nematodes, and viruses. Processing varieties have traits like uniform color, shape, acidity, and crack resistance.
CROP IMPROVEMENT IN BARLEY.pptx
Genetic variation is crucial for successful barley improvement. Genomic technologies are improving dramatically and are providing access to the genetic diversity within this important crop species. Diverse collections of barley germplasm are being assembled and mined via genome-wide association studies and the identified variation can be linked to the barley sequence assembly. Introgression of favorable alleles via marker-assisted selection is now faster and more efficient due to the availability of single nucleotide polymorphism platforms. High-throughput genotyping is also making genomic selection an essential tool in modern barley breeding.
Floral biology and breeding techniques in tomato
This document discusses flower biology and breeding techniques in tomatoes. It begins with an introduction to tomato taxonomy and production statistics. It then covers the objectives of tomato breeding, which include increasing yield, disease and stress resistance, and quality traits. The document discusses tomato flower biology and behavior, as well as emasculation, pollination, and hybridization techniques. It outlines common tomato breeding procedures like introduction, selection, backcrossing, and pedigree methods. Newer biotechnological techniques are also mentioned. Finally, it highlights a publicly developed Indian tomato hybrid called Arka Rakshak that has triple disease resistance.
Floral biology and crossing techniques in groundnut
1) Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important oilseed crop grown in tropical and warm regions between 400N to 400S latitude. India is the second largest producer after China.
2) The document discusses the floral biology, crossing techniques, breeding objectives and future thrusts in groundnut improvement. It details the flowering, pollination, peg formation and pod development process.
3) Major breeding objectives are increasing yield, biotic and abiotic stress resistance including drought, diseases, and temperature stresses, and improving quality traits like oil content. Using wild species to enhance the gene pool and transgenic approaches are suggested for future stress resistance.
Emasculation and hybridization in rice
Hybridization is a technique used in rice breeding to create genetically diverse varieties with desirable traits. The process involves crossing genetically dissimilar parents to produce hybrid offspring. Key steps include selecting female plants, emasculating unopened flowers to prevent self-pollination, collecting pollen from the desired male parent, and applying it to the emasculated female flowers. The hybridized seeds are then grown and evaluated to select varieties with increased yield, quality, disease resistance, and other targeted traits. Maintaining genetic diversity through hybridization techniques has been important for the health and productivity of rice crops globally.
Brinjal
This document provides information on eggplant (Solanum melangena). It discusses the family, scientific name, leading countries of cultivation, origin, botanical classification, varieties, hybridization, morphology, anthesis, pollination, fertilization, and artificial hybridization techniques of eggplant. It summarizes key details on the plant's structure, flowering characteristics and processes, and breeding methods.
Sugarcane ( Scientific cultivation of sugarcane crop)
India has the largest area under sugarcane cultivation in the world. Sugarcane is mainly grown in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu which also have the highest production. There are three main species of sugarcane cultivated. The crop requires tropical conditions and does best with temperatures between 26-32°C and annual rainfall of 75-120cm. Proper soil preparation, variety selection, fertilizer application, weed control and irrigation are important management practices for optimal yields. Pests like early shoot borer and diseases like red rot require control measures. Harvesting involves cutting cane at ground level when maturity is reached based on brix levels.
Hybrid Seed Production Technology of Maize
This document summarizes the process of hybrid seed production for maize. It discusses selecting appropriate parent lines and maintaining isolation distances between male and female lines. Key steps include planting ratios, detasseling the male plants, roguing undesirable plants, and harvesting when seeds reach proper maturity. Multiple inspections are needed to ensure genetic purity is maintained throughout production. Proper post-harvest handling and storage is also important for high quality hybrid maize seed.
Presentation on Breeding Techniques of Mustard and Rapeseed
Origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.
Intercultural operations in vegetable crops
This document provides an overview of 14 intercultural operations for vegetable crops: 1) transplanting and hardening off, 2) weeding, 3) thinning and gap filling, 4) irrigation, 5) staking, 6) manures and fertilizer application, 7) training and pruning, 8) mulching, 9) application of plant growth regulators, 10) insect pest and disease control, 11) earthing up, 12) dehaulming, 13) blanching, and 14) nipping. For each operation, common techniques are described, such as manual and chemical weeding methods, types of irrigation and fertilization, and controls for insects and diseases.
Sex expression in cucurbits
This document discusses sex expression in cucurbitaceous crops. It notes that cucurbits can have various sex forms ranging from hermaphroditic to monoecious to gynoecious. The major cucurbits like cucumber, bitter gourd, muskmelon, watermelon are typically monoecious. Gynoecious lines have been developed in some crops like cucumber and muskmelon through breeding. Sex determination is controlled by genes but can be modulated by environmental factors like temperature and photoperiod. Chemicals like silver nitrate and gibberellic acid can also induce staminate flowers.
What's hot (20)
Cotton, origin, Floral structure & biology, Breeding Techniques, Challenges
Cotton, origin, Floral structure & biology, Breeding Techniques, Challenges
Floral Biology, Selfing & Crossing techniques and Seed Production on Mustard
Floral Biology, Selfing & Crossing techniques and Seed Production on Mustard
Floral biology and crossing techniques in groundnut
Floral biology and crossing techniques in groundnut
Sugarcane ( Scientific cultivation of sugarcane crop)
Sugarcane ( Scientific cultivation of sugarcane crop)
Presentation on Breeding Techniques of Mustard and Rapeseed
Presentation on Breeding Techniques of Mustard and Rapeseed
Viewers also liked
Genome wide association studies seminar Prepared by Ms Varsha Gaitonde.
This ppt is related to the new era of association mapping,GWAP which is an emerging bud in mapping field.
Tobacco
Tobacco is a plant native to America that is processed and used in various products like cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco. There are over 70 types of tobacco. It is cultivated in many countries around the world. When smoked or chewed, tobacco exposes the user to nicotine, which is highly addictive similarly to heroin or cocaine, making cessation difficult and causing withdrawal symptoms like depression, anxiety, and cravings. Tobacco use also significantly increases the risk of various illnesses and diseases like cancer, heart disease, and respiratory problems.
1
This study evaluated 27 sunflower inbred lines as maintainers or restorers of fertility for 7 PET-1 and 1 IMS cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) sunflower lines. Crosses were made between the CMS lines and inbreds and progeny were evaluated for pollen fertility. 22 inbreds maintained sterility of PET-1 CMS lines while 28 restored fertility, indicating different genetic control. All inbreds maintained sterility of the IMS line. Only one inbred partially restored the IMS line. Cytological pollen analysis provided a more accurate assessment of fertility restoration than visual observation alone. The identification of restorers for the diverse CMS sources could enable the development of new hybrids with increased genetic
Sunflower basavraj t
This document discusses sunflower botany and production. It notes that sunflower is an important oilseed crop domesticated in the US. It describes sunflower's taxonomy, morphology, flowering biology, and methods for selfing and crossing varieties. The document outlines the development of hybrid varieties in India, including popular hybrids and their parent lines. It provides details on sunflower research stations, commercially grown varieties and hybrids, and the economic importance of sunflower oil.
The seed & biotech industry
This document discusses the past, present, and future of the seed and biotech industry in India. It notes that food grain production has increased significantly since the 1950s due to improved seed varieties and hybrids introduced by the seed industry. Today, the private sector accounts for 90% of seed production and distribution. The future of agriculture relies on continued innovation in seed technology, including drought-resistant and nitrogen-efficient crops, as well as those with enhanced nutrition. The seed industry seeks government support through infrastructure status, loans, and inclusion in subsidy programs to further boost agricultural productivity and ensure food security.
Sorghum varu gaitonde.
This presentation provides information on the floral biology of sorghum. Sorghum is a C4 plant originating in Ethiopia. It has an inflorescence that varies from a compact head to an open panicle. Flowers occur in spikelets with pairs of florets. Pollination typically occurs through the wind but cross-pollination rates vary based on panicle structure. Self-pollination can be achieved through bagging or isolation while crossing uses techniques like emasculation and utilizing male sterile lines. Pollen is collected and spread on emasculated panicles for fertilization.
Tobacco Production Technology
This presentation provides information on tobacco production. It discusses the botanical classification of tobacco, including its scientific name (Nicotiana tabacum) and family (Solanaceae). It also outlines the production process for tobacco, including soil preparation, nursery establishment, transplanting, fertilizer application, irrigation, harvesting, and curing. Key production steps like topping, desuckering, and management of insects and diseases are also summarized. The presentation concludes with important tobacco varieties grown in different regions of Pakistan and expected yields.
Sesame
Sesame is an important oilseed crop cultivated worldwide for its edible oil. It originated in tropical Africa but is now widely grown in Asia, Africa, and other warm regions. Sesame is an annual herb with opposite leaves, solitary flowers in the leaf axils, and capsular fruits containing numerous seeds. It is predominantly self-pollinated but some natural cross-pollination occurs via insects. Traditional breeding methods include bagging flowers to encourage selfing or emasculation and hand-pollination to facilitate crossing.
Pumpkin
This document provides information about pumpkins. It discusses that pumpkins are originally from America, with the scientific name Cucurbita moschata. They require warm, sunny conditions with rich, well-draining soil. Pumpkins are allopolyploid with 40 chromosomes and trailing vine-like stems. They bear large yellow flowers that are monoecious and highly cross-pollinated. Breeding methods aim to develop varieties with high yields, early fruiting, and desirable fruit characteristics. Hybrids can be produced through manual pollination or using chemicals to control male flower production.
Maize
1. Maize (Zea mays) is an annual plant originally from Central Mexico and South America. It has a solid stem that bears opposite leaves and produces a male tassel flower at the top and female cob flowers.
2. Detasseling is removing the tassel before pollen is shed to prevent self-pollination. There are three main crossing techniques - the bottle method uses a detached tassel in a bottle, the overall method bags the whole plant, and plot isolation physically separates plants.
3. Pollination is most successful 3-5 days after silk emergence, though pollination can occur up to 8 days later with lower seed set. Self-pollination
Tomato
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is the second most consumed vegetable in the world after potatoes. It is cultivated throughout temperate and tropical regions for its nutrient-rich fruit.
- Tomatoes originate from the Andean region of South America but were domesticated in Mexico. They were later spread worldwide by Europeans.
- Tomatoes have chasmogamous flowers that self-pollinate but can also cross-pollinate up to 47% depending on conditions. Manual pollination techniques include emasculation, pollen collection and application.
Oats
This document discusses oats and provides information on its systematics, uses, origin, related species, floral biology, selfing and crossing techniques. It notes that oats rank 6th in world cereal production and are used as both fodder and grain. Oats are a natural allopolyploid that evolved through cycles of interspecific hybridization. The key steps of emasculation and pollination in crossing techniques are outlined. Problems with low artificial seed set in oat crossing are also mentioned.
History of tobacco use & abuse
This document provides a history of tobacco use and its health effects. It describes how tobacco was originally used by indigenous peoples in North and South America for thousands of years for medicinal, spiritual, and social purposes. When Europeans discovered tobacco in the 15th century, it was introduced around the world and cultivated as a cash crop. While tobacco had some traditional medical uses, it is now a major public health issue as smoking and smokeless tobacco can cause various cancers, lung and heart diseases, and premature death. The document outlines the spread of tobacco use in India under British colonial rule and the growth of industries like beedi production.
Pigeon pea
Pigeon pea is an important crop that originated in India. It is grown for its edible seeds which are high in protein, and its leaves, shoots and fodder which are used for human consumption and animal feed. The major growing regions are India, East Africa, and the Caribbean. Pigeon pea has a taproot system and trifoliate leaves. Its flowers form in axillary racemes and are self-pollinated. The pods contain 2-5 seeds that vary in size, shape and color. Traditional self-pollination and cross-pollination techniques include emasculation, pollen collection and artificial pollination.
Advances in crop improvement by vikram
This document discusses advances in crop improvement of root and bulb crops such as carrot, radish, turnip, and onion. For carrot, it describes several new varieties developed in India including Pusa Vristi, Pusa Vasuda, Pusa Asita, and Pusa Meghali. For radish, new varieties discussed include Pusa Jamuni, Pusa Gulabi, and Pusa Mridula. For turnip, varieties mentioned are Pusa Chandrima, Pusa Swarnima, and Purple Top White Globe. Finally, for onion, varieties and hybrids from various public institutions across India are summarized, including Pusa Riddhi, Pusa Soumya, Arka Ujjwal
Okra
This document summarizes information about okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), including its origins in tropical Africa, Asia, and the Americas. It describes 10 Abelmoschus species, their somatic chromosome numbers, and whether they are wild or cultivated. It provides details on okra germplasm collections in India and breeding programs at various agricultural institutions. Promising okra lines are identified for traits like early flowering, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Production objectives and methods for hybrid seed production are also outlined.
Genetics and plant breeding seminar
This document summarizes a seminar on breeding concepts and crop improvement in chickpea. It discusses the floral biology of chickpea, including emasculation and pollination techniques. Breeding objectives for chickpea include increasing yield, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and quality traits. Key breeding techniques used are mass selection, pure line selection, and hybridization methods like bulk hybridization and pedigree breeding. Varieties developed through these techniques with important traits are mentioned. The document provides information on the present uses of chickpea and production constraints.
Breeding techniques in self pollinated crops presentation
1. Plant breeding techniques for self-pollinated crops include plant introduction, pure line selection, mass selection, pedigree method, bulk method, backcross method, and mutation breeding.
2. Pure line selection involves selecting individual plants, evaluating their progeny, and conducting yield trials to develop uniform varieties. Mass selection composites seed from selected plants for future planting.
3. Plant introduction is an oldest method that can introduce entirely new crop species or superior varieties from other regions. It provides germplasm for breeding programs.
Hybrid seed production okra
This document provides information on okra seed production. It discusses:
1) Okra's botanical classification, cultivation areas, and production statistics in India.
2) Requirements for land preparation and isolation distances for seed production fields.
3) Cultural practices for seed production like sowing time, spacing, manuring, irrigation, and pest management.
4) Steps involved in the seed production process like rouging, harvesting, threshing, processing and yield.
5) Pests and diseases that affect okra.
6) Details on hybrid seed production including emasculation, pollination and crossing ratios.
7) Information on popular okra hybrids and varieties.
Tobacco 101 powerpoint
Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, killing over 400,000 Americans each year from diseases like lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke. Tobacco contains over 7,000 chemicals, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, ammonia, and arsenic. While tobacco companies promote myths that some tobacco products like cigars, hookahs, and cloves are safer, all tobacco products are addictive and cause serious health issues. Quitting smoking can significantly reduce health risks, and medications and support groups can help in quitting.
Viewers also liked (20)
Genome wide association studies seminar Prepared by Ms Varsha Gaitonde.
Genome wide association studies seminar Prepared by Ms Varsha Gaitonde.
Breeding techniques in self pollinated crops presentation
Breeding techniques in self pollinated crops presentation
More from Varsha Gayatonde
Leaf structure and function
This document discusses leaf structure and modifications in plants. It begins by describing the general form of leaves, including the blade and petiole. It then covers leaf types like compound and simple leaves. The document discusses leaf arrangement on stems, including opposite, spiral and whorled patterns. It also covers venation patterns and how they differ between monocots and dicots. The rest of the document details specialized leaf structures like tendrils, cotyledons, and modified leaves that carry out functions like photosynthesis, insect trapping, or defense.
Soyabean
Soybean is an important legume crop originating from China. It is grown in over 35 countries with the largest producers being the United States, Brazil, China, and Argentina. Soybean seeds are high in protein (40%) and oil (20%) and are used to produce meal, flour, and oil for food and industrial applications. Soybean is a diploid species with 40 chromosomes and is highly self-pollinated. Techniques for selfing and crossing soybean plants are described. The document provides information on the taxonomy, uses, cytology, floral biology, and research of soybean.
Groundnut
1) The document discusses the floral biology and crossing techniques used in groundnut or peanut. It describes the flower structure and development, self-pollination, hybridization process including emasculation and pollination.
2) Two common hybridization techniques are discussed - the conventional technique which involves emasculation by removing anthers followed by pollination, and the ring cut technique which uses incisions and forceps to expose and remove anthers.
3) After pollination, developing hybrid pegs are monitored and grown along with parental lines to confirm hybridity based on morphological traits and seed characteristics. The goal is to develop new varieties with traits like high yield, early maturity, and resistance to diseases
Green gram
This document discusses mung bean (Vigna radiata), including its botanical description, floral biology, pollination process, and crossing techniques. Mung bean is a herbaceous annual plant native to India. It has trifoliate leaves and pods containing globular seeds. Flowers open in the morning and have five sepals and petals, with the standard, wing, and keel petals facilitating pollination. Pollination typically occurs at night before the flowers open. A common crossing technique for pulse crops called Shivashankar's method involves removing the anthers from flower buds the night before pollen shedding to allow controlled pollination the next morning.
Field bean
1. Dolichos lablab is a multipurpose crop native to India or Southeast Asia. It is cultivated for its young pods, dry seeds, as fodder, green manure, cover crop, and ornamental uses.
2. The flowers are hermaphroditic and self-pollinating, with 6-10% natural cross-pollination occurring depending on environmental conditions. The flowers open in the morning from 6-11 AM and remain open from 11 AM to 5 PM.
3. For artificial crossing, emasculation is done by removing the male parts from young flower buds followed by artificial pollination of the emasculated flower and bagging to
Cotton
1. Cotton is an important crop that provides over 80% of the raw material for the textile industry. It is cultivated around the world, with India and China being the top producers.
2. Cotton plants belong to the genus Gossypium and have four domesticated species. The plants have prominent erect stems with alternately arranged leaves and flowers that develop into bolls containing seeds.
3. Cotton flowers are pollinated through self-pollination and some cross-pollination by insects. After fertilization, the ovaries develop into bolls over several weeks that contain cotton fibers and seeds at maturity.
Cluster bean
- Guar or cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus) is mainly grown in India, especially in the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, and Punjab.
- It is used as a source of food, fodder, and feed, and its seeds produce galactomannan gum which is used as a thickener, binder, and stabilizer in many industries like food and pharmaceuticals.
- The crop is self-pollinated due to its cleistogamous nature, but some outcrossing of 0.5-7.9% has been reported. Breeding objectives include developing varieties with higher yield, summer adaptability, disease
Cotton
1. Cotton is an important crop that provides the raw material for 85% of the textile industry. It is cultivated around the world, with India and China being the top producers.
2. Cotton plants belong to the genus Gossypium and have four domesticated species. The plants have prominent erect stems with alternately arranged leaves and zigzag fruiting branches.
3. Cotton flowers occur singly on branches and have five petals, numerous stamens united into a column, and a superior ovary that develops into a boll fruit. Pollination is primarily self-but sometimes cross-pollination occurs through insects.
Cluster bean
- Guar or cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus) is mainly grown in India, especially in the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, and Punjab.
- It is used as a source of food, fodder, and feed, and its seeds produce galactomannan gum which is used as a thickener, binder, and stabilizer in many industries like food and pharmaceuticals.
- The crop is self-pollinated due to its cleistogamous nature, but some outcrossing of 0.5-7.9% has been reported. Breeding objectives include developing varieties with higher yield, summer adaptability, disease
Chilli capsicum sp..
India is the world's largest producer and consumer of chili peppers, contributing around 25% of global production. The top producers also include China, Pakistan, Mexico, and Spain. Chili peppers originated in Central and South America and are an important global spice crop. In India, the main chili pepper producing states are Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra, which collectively account for over 70% of national production. Chili peppers belong to the genus Capsicum, which contains over 30 species, with the most widely cultivated being C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, and C. baccatum.
Black gram
This document provides information on the flower morphology and floral biology of black gram. It discusses that black gram is a self-pollinated crop grown in warm temperatures and medium rainfall. Its flowers open in the morning and self-pollinate from bud stage through anther dehiscence at night. Cross-pollination can be achieved through emasculation and manually rubbing donor anther pollen on the stigma of emasculated buds.
Bitter gourd
Bitter gourd is native to tropical Asia and is grown for its nutritional and medicinal properties. It is a monoecious annual climber with pentafid calyx and rotate corolla. Flowers are pollinated by honey bees and bumble bees. Breeding objectives include early fruiting, high yield, resistance to pests and diseases. Breeding methods discussed are selection, pedigree, hybridization and mutation breeding. Self-pollination and cross-pollination techniques were described to facilitate the breeding process. Overall, there is potential to improve quality and productivity through focused breeding efforts in bitter gourd.
Banaras hindu university 2
1. The document proposes a project to create video packages of standard agricultural practices for major crops and incorporate them into kiosk machines available at Krishi Vigyan Kendra locations to better educate farmers.
2. The objectives are to create video packages for cereals, pulses, oilseeds and horticultural crops, incorporate them into a kiosk at a KVK near Varanasi, and get farmer feedback.
3. The proposed budget is Rs. 2 lakhs over 10 months to film practices at research centers, edit videos, incorporate them, and collect farmer responses to assess the impact of using video.
Dio oper domestication
This presentation discusses the history and process of plant domestication. It begins with an overview of the origins and timeline of agriculture, noting that domestication of major crops like rice, wheat and maize was completed by 4000 BC. The presentation then covers centers of domestication, key domestication traits, genes controlling traits, and modern techniques like genome sequencing, GWAS, and NGS that are helping to further understand domestication.
Credit seminar on rice genomics crrected
This document provides an overview of rice genomics. It discusses the history of genomics from the 1980s development of DNA markers and PCR, to major milestones like the sequencing of rice genomes in 2002. It describes the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project's clone-by-clone sequencing approach. The rice genome was found to contain over 37,000 genes and significant repetitive elements. Comparative genomics with other cereals revealed conserved synteny. The 3,000 Rice Genomes Project aims to sequence a diverse set of rice varieties to explore genetic diversity.
Presentation1
Pigeonpea is an important crop for food security in India and other parts of the world as it is drought tolerant and a source of protein and nutrients. It has a genome size of 858 million base pairs. The first draft genome sequence of the popular pigeonpea variety Asha was completed in 2012 using 454 sequencing, assembling over 500 million base pairs across 11 chromosome pairs. A new reference genome was published in 2018 using Illumina sequencing, assembling over 605 million base pairs across 72.7% of the 833 million base pair genome. The new genome provides insights into drought tolerance genes and will help improve pigeonpea varieties.
More from Varsha Gayatonde (16)
Recently uploaded
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Presentation required for the master in Education.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvariaclinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcThe Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.Recently uploaded (20)
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Tobacco
- 1. Scientific name: Nicotiana tobaccum Family: Solanaceae Chromosome no:2n=4x=48 Origin: America 1 TOBACCO
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Scientific name : Nicotiana tobaccum • Family: solanaceae • Chromosome number :2n=4x=48 • Origin :America 2
- 3. IMPORTANCE • Nicotiana is one of five large genera of solanaceae and it is represented by about 60 species • INDIA is the 4th largest producer of tobacco after USA,Brazil,Canada. • India is the 8th largest exporter of tobacco 3
- 4. ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION • Nicotiana sylvetries X Nicotiana tomentosa 2n=24 2n=24 F1(sterile) Natural doubling of Chromosome Nicotiana tobaccum 2n=2x=48 4
- 5. continued • Nicotiana paniculata X Nicotiana undulata • 2n=24 2n=24 • F1(sterile) • Natural doubling of • chromosome • Nicotiana rustica • 2n=4x=48 5
- 6. FLORAL BIOLOGY • The inflorescence of tobacco is a terminal raceme • The flowers are pedicellate and hermophrodite • Calyx contain five sepals • Corolla contain five petal 6
- 7. continued • The stamens are five in number • It has superior ovary • It is self pollinated crop but;4-10; of cross pollination occurs due to insects. therefore it is • Grouped into often cross pollinated crop 7
- 8. Cont….. • Pollens are viable for 24hrs • Stigma is receptive one day before and after flower opening 8
- 9. Selfing technique • Covering entire inflorescence with paper bag will ensures the selfing technique 9
- 10. 10
- 11. Crossing technique • It involves emasculation followed by pollination • For emasculation select the unopened flowers with pink colour tip and anthers are removed with five pointed forceps after tearing petals • Collect the pollen grain from matured flowers and dust it on the emasculated flower • Bag the pollinated flower and then tag it 11
- 12. 12
- 13. IMPORTANT VARITIES • Godavari,swarna,krishna,thangam • Sona,maragandam 13