Pickel
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•2,095 views
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of judicial instructions to disregard inadmissible evidence presented in a mock trial. Specifically, it examined how juror credibility ratings of witnesses and verdicts were impacted when judges provided legal explanations for their instructions to ignore evidence versus no explanation. Results showed that witness credibility was the only statistically significant factor influencing juror decisions under the conditions tested. Further analysis confirmed confidence is a poor predictor of witness accuracy.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Cutler et al
- The study investigated whether expert witness testimony about the limitations of eyewitness identification would make jurors more skeptical of eyewitness testimony.
- 538 undergraduate students participated in a mock trial involving eyewitness identification under varying conditions of witnessing and confidence levels.
- Results showed expert testimony increased juror knowledge and attention to witnessing conditions. It decreased reliance on witness confidence alone and did not make jurors overly skeptical, instead improving sensitivity to evidence problems.
Assessing eyewitness identification
Forensic Psychology view on eyewitness identification. Includes vision and memory, legal concepts and recommendations. This powerpoint is a review of the NAS report titled Identifying the Culprit
Assessment of evidence
This document discusses evidence and its assessment in legal cases. It defines evidence as the basis for belief or disbelief, and typically includes witness testimony, documents, photographs, and other materials. Evidence must be relevant to the case and admissible in court. There are several types of evidence, such as direct, circumstantial, forensic, and documentary evidence. For evidence to be admitted, it must pass tests for relevance and reliability. Prosecutors must also consider whether there is a realistic prospect of conviction based on the evidence and whether prosecution would be in the public interest based on factors for and against prosecution.
Forensics-eyewitness notes
The document discusses the fallibility of eyewitness testimony and how it has contributed to wrongful convictions. Research shows that witnesses tend to identify suspects that look similar to the perpetrator but may not actually be the perpetrator. Witnesses are also not very good at recognizing faces they are not familiar with and will often pick someone who looks "most like" the person they are trying to identify. The document uses examples to illustrate how eyewitness identifications can result in the wrong person being identified as the perpetrator of a crime.
What jurors do with evidence during jury deliberation?
The document summarizes research on what jurors do with evidence during deliberations. It finds that the best predictor of the final verdict is the distribution of initial individual juror votes. It also finds that judges and juries only agree at chance levels, possibly due to unrealistic standards of proof required by some jurors. Theoretical models suggest that demonstrability of evidence and whether the task is framed as problem-solving or consensus-seeking will impact outcomes. An experiment found that a minority evidence-based position was more influential when more jurors initially supported it and when the minority actively engaged rather than remaining silent. Semantic barriers like evidence alteration were used by majorities to maintain pre-deliberation positions when challenged by minorities.
TTEL PowerPoint
This document discusses causation issues in mass tort claims involving product testing. It outlines the Daubert and Frye standards for the admissibility of expert testimony on causation. Experts must use reliable methodologies, like epidemiological studies, that are generally accepted in the scientific community to establish general causation between a product and disease. Case reports alone are not sufficient. The document also discusses how experts evaluate causation using criteria like Bradford Hill and considers challenges in proving causation when multifactorial diseases are involved.
cider wine preparation using different yeast cultures
‘Cider wine production using different yeast strains & comparing their efficiency, testing their antimicrobial activity towards E.coli’ fortification with honey for increasing vit b content and helping initial clarification. project author :Ritwik Bhatatcharya, MSc Food technology, BSc (hons)Microbiology. Done as part of Final smseter research project from Punjabi university , Patiala.wokring in QC(wine).Prodcution(FMCG), R&D. check website www.indobrews.com for more information,
Email us at brewindo@gmail.com
Skiing
Skiing is an activity that the author has enjoyed for a long time to stay active and fit, and it keeps him busy instead of doing other worse things. His father got him into skiing and is a role model, and the author hopes to be like his father and keep skiing as a lifelong activity.
Recommended
Cutler et al
- The study investigated whether expert witness testimony about the limitations of eyewitness identification would make jurors more skeptical of eyewitness testimony.
- 538 undergraduate students participated in a mock trial involving eyewitness identification under varying conditions of witnessing and confidence levels.
- Results showed expert testimony increased juror knowledge and attention to witnessing conditions. It decreased reliance on witness confidence alone and did not make jurors overly skeptical, instead improving sensitivity to evidence problems.
Assessing eyewitness identification
Forensic Psychology view on eyewitness identification. Includes vision and memory, legal concepts and recommendations. This powerpoint is a review of the NAS report titled Identifying the Culprit
Assessment of evidence
This document discusses evidence and its assessment in legal cases. It defines evidence as the basis for belief or disbelief, and typically includes witness testimony, documents, photographs, and other materials. Evidence must be relevant to the case and admissible in court. There are several types of evidence, such as direct, circumstantial, forensic, and documentary evidence. For evidence to be admitted, it must pass tests for relevance and reliability. Prosecutors must also consider whether there is a realistic prospect of conviction based on the evidence and whether prosecution would be in the public interest based on factors for and against prosecution.
Forensics-eyewitness notes
The document discusses the fallibility of eyewitness testimony and how it has contributed to wrongful convictions. Research shows that witnesses tend to identify suspects that look similar to the perpetrator but may not actually be the perpetrator. Witnesses are also not very good at recognizing faces they are not familiar with and will often pick someone who looks "most like" the person they are trying to identify. The document uses examples to illustrate how eyewitness identifications can result in the wrong person being identified as the perpetrator of a crime.
What jurors do with evidence during jury deliberation?
The document summarizes research on what jurors do with evidence during deliberations. It finds that the best predictor of the final verdict is the distribution of initial individual juror votes. It also finds that judges and juries only agree at chance levels, possibly due to unrealistic standards of proof required by some jurors. Theoretical models suggest that demonstrability of evidence and whether the task is framed as problem-solving or consensus-seeking will impact outcomes. An experiment found that a minority evidence-based position was more influential when more jurors initially supported it and when the minority actively engaged rather than remaining silent. Semantic barriers like evidence alteration were used by majorities to maintain pre-deliberation positions when challenged by minorities.
TTEL PowerPoint
This document discusses causation issues in mass tort claims involving product testing. It outlines the Daubert and Frye standards for the admissibility of expert testimony on causation. Experts must use reliable methodologies, like epidemiological studies, that are generally accepted in the scientific community to establish general causation between a product and disease. Case reports alone are not sufficient. The document also discusses how experts evaluate causation using criteria like Bradford Hill and considers challenges in proving causation when multifactorial diseases are involved.
cider wine preparation using different yeast cultures
‘Cider wine production using different yeast strains & comparing their efficiency, testing their antimicrobial activity towards E.coli’ fortification with honey for increasing vit b content and helping initial clarification. project author :Ritwik Bhatatcharya, MSc Food technology, BSc (hons)Microbiology. Done as part of Final smseter research project from Punjabi university , Patiala.wokring in QC(wine).Prodcution(FMCG), R&D. check website www.indobrews.com for more information,
Email us at brewindo@gmail.com
Skiing
Skiing is an activity that the author has enjoyed for a long time to stay active and fit, and it keeps him busy instead of doing other worse things. His father got him into skiing and is a role model, and the author hopes to be like his father and keep skiing as a lifelong activity.
Coir industries ( India's wonder fibre)
The Presentation is all about how the coir industry works? and what are all the different types of products that can be produced with the help of coir.
Basil
This passage from The Great Controversy discusses Eve's interaction with the serpent in the Garden of Eden. It states that Eve should not have argued or debated with the tempter, as this led her to fall for his deception. Many people today are similarly overcome when they doubt and argue about God's commands instead of obeying them, and end up accepting human theories that are actually disguises for Satan's devices.
Parsley
1. The Bible passage from 1 Corinthians 6:19 says that the human body is the temple of the Holy Spirit and that people belong to God, not themselves.
2. Parsley is described as being an excellent digestive remedy that improves digestion of proteins and fats, promotes nutrient absorption in the intestines, liver, and storage. It contains high enzymes that benefit digestive activity and elimination.
3. The excerpt discusses how people's first duty is self-development by cultivating all faculties to the highest degree to do the most good. Time spent on physical and mental health is time well spent, as people cannot afford to weaken or limit any body or mind functions without suffering consequences.
Making Jams, Jellies and Fruit Preserves
Not only are jams, jellies and fruit preserves easy to make, but is often a favorite of summer.
With the end of summer nearing, farmer's markets and home gardens are now offering fruit and berries. And the season for summer fruits which can be deliciously preserved as jam or jelly. So now's a good time to review the basics of this quick and easy food preservation method.
Jam, jelly &marmalade
Jam, jelly, and marmalade are prepared from fruits and vegetables. Jam is made by boiling fruit pulp with sugar until thick. Jelly is made from boiling fruit extract, sugar, and acid until set. Marmalade contains shreds of citrus peel suspended in a jam-like mixture. The document provides recipes and instructions for producing jam, jelly, and marmalade at home or commercially. Key steps include washing, peeling, boiling fruit with sugar and acid, and testing for proper thickness or set before filling into containers.
Integrated farming system copy (2)
The document outlines the objectives of integrated farming systems as identifying existing systems and formulating models that optimize resource use, recycle farm residues, and improve overall farm profitability. It discusses factors that affect integrated farming systems like soil, climate, resources, and managerial skills. The document also covers the components of integrated farming systems, how enterprises can be integrated, and models of integrated farming. It concludes that integrated farming systems can increase food production, income, and farmer nutrition without harming the environment.
Pickles
Pickling is a food preservation method where food is preserved in brine or vinegar to prevent spoilage. It began 4000 years ago using native Indian cucumbers. The term "pickle" comes from the Dutch word for brine. There are different types of pickles including brined dill pickles, fresh pack, relishes, and fruit pickles. Key ingredients in pickling include salt, vinegar, sugar, and spices which help preserve foods and add flavor. Proper selection, washing, measuring of ingredients, and use of appropriate equipment are tips for successful pickling.
Natural pickles
This document outlines plans for a natural pickle production business. It will produce 40 kg of pickles per day using five female workers in two shifts. The business will be located in a rented house in Malad, Mumbai which will be divided into sections for different production processes. It will produce mango, garlic, cucumber, and lemon pickles to sell at local retailers and compete with established brands. The total capital investment is estimated to be Rs. 15,00,000 including machinery, assets, raw materials, rent, and other startup expenses.
Herbs & spices knowledge/ chefqtrainer.blogspot.com
This document provides information on various herbs and spices. It defines herbs as leaves, stems or flowers of aromatic plants that can be used fresh or dried. Spices are defined as aromatic plant bark, roots, seeds, buds or berries that are usually dried. The document then proceeds to describe the properties and common uses of over 20 individual herbs and spices, including basil, bay leaves, chives, cilantro, dill, mint, lemon grass, oregano, parsley, thyme, rosemary, sage and tarragon among the herbs and allspice, caraway, cumin, ginger, nutmeg, paprika, peppercorn, poppy seeds, saffron and sesame seeds among the spices.
Varieties of herbs and spices around the world
Here are the photos and the name of different varieties of herbs and spices available around the world!!!
Mango jam preparation
This document provides instructions for making mango jam, including a list of ingredients (mango pulp, sugar, water, citric acid), equipment needed (grinder, knife, pot, bottle, stove, stirrer), and steps for the process. The process involves grinding mango pulp, mixing it with sugar, citric acid and water, cooking the mixture at 102-105 degrees C until it thickens, then allowing it to cool before packing it into bottles.
Fermentation technology
Fermentation is a process where microorganisms are grown on a large scale to produce commercial products. Important fermentation products include ethanol, glycerol, lactic acid, acetone, and butanol. Fermentations can occur on an industrial scale using large fermentors. There are three main types of fermentation: batch, continuous, and fed-batch. Fermentation has advantages like preserving and enriching foods, contributing to nutrition, and having low costs. However, it can also pose food safety risks if not properly controlled.
poster
The study examined how the cross-examination performance of expert witnesses in child sexual abuse cases can influence jurors' verdict, confidence in the verdict, and perception of the child victim's credibility. Forty participants watched recordings of expert testimony and either a good or bad cross-examination. Those in the good cross-examination condition were more confident in their verdict and assessment of the child, and experienced less decrease in confidence after cross-examination, than those in the bad performance condition. However, the cross-examination did not significantly change the verdict or assessment of the child's credibility. More research is needed to understand this effect on confidence.
CIVL Sackler poster 2005 landscape_final
This study examined how mock jurors evaluated different types of bullet lead evidence. 295 college students formed mock juries and heard a murder case where bullet lead evidence was key. The strength of this evidence varied across conditions: strong, worthless, unknown. Jurors who were more confident in their math abilities (Confident jurors) distinguished between strong and worthless evidence, finding the defendant guilty more in the strong condition. However, less confident jurors (Non-confident jurors) performed the same across conditions, finding the defendant guilty at equal low rates regardless of evidence. While Confident jurors used statistics appropriately, they also tended to assume evidence had diagnostic value even when key statistics were missing.
SEPA Study: Juror Psychology
The study examined how the attitude of a jury foreman influences individual jurors' decisions. 33 mock jurors viewed a trial and deliberated under a confederate foreman with either a positive, negative, or neutral attitude towards the defendant. Jurors were more likely to vote not guilty after deliberations if the foreman had a positive attitude, and more likely to vote guilty if the foreman had a negative attitude. A neutral foreman led jurors to not change their vote or vote undecided. The foreman was seen as most persuasive when exhibiting a biased attitude.
Atlanta Powerpoint.mlp.edit
Counsel in sexually violent predator (SVP) civil commitment cases should be held to a higher standard than the Strickland standard of effective assistance of counsel. SVP counsel need expertise on actuarial risk assessment tests, access to independent expert witnesses as guaranteed by Ake, and the ability to vigorously represent their unpopular clients against the public's hatred of sex offenders. Applying therapeutic jurisprudence principles and honoring client voice, validation, and voluntariness requires SVP counsel be highly trained and fully resourced to defend the liberty interests at stake in these quasi-criminal civil commitment hearings.
Chapter 21 - The Investigator and the Legal System1.docx
Chapter 21 - The Investigator and the Legal System
1
The decisions investigators must make involve a great deal of discretion.
Investigators must consider what may be termed risk factors.
2
Investigators must consider what may be termed risk factors.
Some police officers and criminal investigators are not fully aware of the order in
3
which a trial is conducted because time often prohibits them from attending a
complete trail from beginning to end. Also, witnesses are often sequestered from
the courtroom before and after giving testimony. This very common practice is used
to minimize the possibility that a witness’s testimony might be affected by other
witnesses’ testimony.
The courtroom process begins with the selection and swearing in of a jury. Jury
selection can last a few hours or a few weeks, depending on the selection process
and the nature of the case. The jury panel from whom the jurors in the trial will
eventually be picked is called a venire.
The steps in the trial process include: direct examination, cross-examination,
redirect examination, re-cross examination, the rebuttal, surrebuttal, and closing
arguments.
Evidence can be defined as anything that tends logically to prove or disprove
a fact at issue in a judicial case or controversy.
4
a fact at issue in a judicial case or controversy.
The rules of evidence are designed primarily to keep a jury from hearing or
seeing improper evidence, and the first rule of evidence is designed to set
parameters on the above definition of evidence.
Proof may be defined as the combination of all those facts—of all the evidence—in
5
determining the guilt or innocence of a person accused of a crime.
The pie chart above illustrates how several different pieces of evidence can
be put together in order to constitute proof of guilt.
6
be put together in order to constitute proof of guilt.
The doctrine of judicial notice is an evidentiary shortcut. Judicial notice is designed
7
to speed up the trial and eliminate the necessity of formally proving the truth of a
particular matter when the truth is not in dispute.
Direct Evidence
8
Direct evidence usually is the testimony of witnesses that ties the defendant
directly to the commission of the crime, such as the testimony of an
eyewitness who can positively state that the defendant committed the crime.
Real Evidence
Sometimes referred to as “physical evidence,” real evidence is connected
with the commission of the crime and can be produced in court.
Demonstrative Evidence
Demonstrative, or illustrative, evidence is not identical to real evidence even
though the items introduced are tangible. It consists of maps, diagrams,
sketches, photographs, tape recordings, videotapes, X-rays, and visual tests
and demonstrations produced to assist witnesses in explaining their
testimony.
Circumstantial Evidence
9
It is a myth that one cannot be convicted of a crime solely o.
FinalThesisCopy
This document discusses a study that analyzed jury deliberations in a mock civil trial involving a retail discrimination case. The study found that jurors who found for the plaintiff were more likely to express empathy for the plaintiff, while those finding for the defendant expressed a lack of empathy. Jurors who said the case fell on a continuum were more likely to find for the defendant. Juries mentioning the store followed policy found for the defendant, while mentions of not following policy did not affect the outcome. The document reviews concerns about biases influencing jury decisions and discusses models of group decision-making and compromise that may apply to jury deliberations.
CSI criminology.docx
The document discusses the concept of the "CSI effect", where exposure to crime TV shows influences how jurors interpret and rely on forensic evidence in criminal trials. Watching these shows can cause pro-defense bias if real evidence does not meet elevated expectations. It can also lead to unnecessary forensic tests, backlogs in labs, and fabricated results. Prosecutors may try to exclude jurors who have watched a lot of crime shows. Additionally, broadcasting how crimes are investigated on TV makes it harder for police to track and trace criminals, as it teaches them how to evade detection.
Writing Sample
This document summarizes research on the causes of eyewitness misidentification. It identifies several key factors that can lead to mistaken eyewitness identification, including memory influences like overconfidence and the effects of retrieval cues on recall. It also discusses how a lack of knowledge among legal professionals and jurors can contribute to errors, as well as how focusing on a weapon during a crime can impair an eyewitness's memory of other details. The document analyzes multiple studies on this topic and provides an in-depth review of the psychological research into why eyewitness testimony is not always reliable.
Discussion Board Unit4 Proof Requirements and Sentencing Due.docx
Discussion Board Unit4 Proof Requirements and Sentencing Due Date: Initial post- Wed, Reply post -Sun, Points Possible: 75
The discussion assignment for this week includes a review of the Key Assignment Outline completed by one of your classmates, as well as a substantial response to at least one other student.
Primary Task Response: Your first task is to post your own Key Assignment Outline to the discussion area so that other students are able to review your plan. Attach your document to the main discussion post, and include any notes you feel are appropriate. The purpose of this assignment is to help improve the quality of the Key Assignment Draft you will complete next week.
Respond to Another Student: Review at least 1 other student's Key Assignment Outline and provide meaningful feedback. Refrain from general feedback, such as simply stating "good job." Your feedback to other students is most helpful if you not only point out weak areas but also offer suggestions for improvement. The best feedback takes a three-stage approach to identify what was done well, weaknesses, and areas for improvement.
Discussion Board Unit 4 Proof Requirements and Sentencing Due Date: Initial-Wed, Reply- Sun, Points Possible: 75
post an outline of their Key Assignment to the Discussion Board as part of your main post. The main post should include any necessary notes regarding the outline. You should complete at least 1 quality response to a classmate during the week using the three-stage approach to identify the following:
what was done well
weaknesses
areas for improvement
There is an expectation that grammar, spelling, punctuation, and format are correct and professional.
Individual Project Unit 4: Proof Requirements and Sentencing Due: Mon, see class Grading 150 Length: 1,250–1,500 words
Key Assignment
While working an undercover detail in a neighborhood known for drug activity, you notice a vehicle stopped at the intersection waiting for the light to change. The man in the vehicle makes eye contact with you. You approach his vehicle and begin carrying on a conversation with him. You ask him if he needs anything, and he responds by asking you, “What do you have?” You ask him what he is looking for, and he tells you he is looking to score. You show him a small bag containing a white powdery substance; he asks how much, and you respond, "20 dollars." He hands you a $20 bill, and you give him the bag and tip your hat to signal that the transaction was completed. At this time, the man drives off and is stopped a block away by a marked unit. The individual is placed under arrest for drug possession and purchasing drugs, and he is taken to jail.
The individual is charged with possession of a controlled substance. At his trial, he claimed that he was a victim of entrapment by the police. He was found guilty and sentenced to serve 5 years in jail and given credit for the 3 months he already had served in jail.
Assignment Guidelines
Address.
Final Project SamplingJennifer AugustusPSY302Sept.docx
Final Project Sampling
Jennifer Augustus
PSY/302
September 17, 2014
Robert Gregory
Running head: FINAL PROJECT SAMPLING
1
FINAL PROJECT SAMPLING
3
Eyewitness Testimony and the Misinformation Effect Revised Draft
Proposed Research Topic
This study will focus on the Eyewitness Testimony and the Misinformation Effect. This is in relation to the criminal justice system.
The Research Question
What factors contribute to the misinformation effect as it applies to witness testimonies during criminal justice system submissions hearings from witnesses in crimes?
Hypotheses
Witnesses forget vital information regarding the observations made in various scenes resorting to misinformation during airing of their witnesses and various fundamental ways can be used to reduce misinformation effect.
Eyewitness Testimony and the Misinformation Effect
Annotated Bibliography
Malwina, S., & Romuald, P. (2013). Promoting eyewitness testimony quality: Warning vs. reinforced self-affirmation as methods of reduction of the misinformation effect.
This research journal stipulates ways in which warning and reinforced self-affirmation can be used to reduce the misinformation effect on witnesses. In the research, participants are exposed to watch some event after which they are made to read descriptions of the events with some incorrect information. The hypothesis used is confirmed when the participants report false details when misled. The materials used include an audio plus a description in which there were six incorrect details of the audio. The participants were later asked ten open-ended questions. A control experiment composed of a group of participants who are not misled reports correct information. Reinforced self-reaffirmation proved to reduce misinformation effect many times although its applicability in reducing misinformation effect on witnesses is limited as witnesses in reality can only be influenced after exposure to information. This research is essential as it proves the hypothesis of misinformation effect on witnesses after exposure to false details of events (Malwina & Romuald, 2013).
Stephen, P., Ainslie, M., Sabrina, B., & Leanne, B. (2010, Jan). A Prospective Investigation of the Vulnerability of Memory for Positive and Negative Emotional Scenes to the Misinformation Effect.
In this study, researchers investigate the effect of emotional content and passage of time on events to the misinformation and susceptibility of remembering the events. Participants were shown images of highly positive and negative events and asked questions on the images after a week or a month. Control experiment was performed whereby participants were misled on the information of the images. In the results, misled participants were substantially less accurate in answering the questions. In addition, passage of time decreased the accuracy of the participants. In addition, negative images were more susceptible to false memories as compared to positive images. This study ...
More Related Content
Viewers also liked
Coir industries ( India's wonder fibre)
The Presentation is all about how the coir industry works? and what are all the different types of products that can be produced with the help of coir.
Basil
This passage from The Great Controversy discusses Eve's interaction with the serpent in the Garden of Eden. It states that Eve should not have argued or debated with the tempter, as this led her to fall for his deception. Many people today are similarly overcome when they doubt and argue about God's commands instead of obeying them, and end up accepting human theories that are actually disguises for Satan's devices.
Parsley
1. The Bible passage from 1 Corinthians 6:19 says that the human body is the temple of the Holy Spirit and that people belong to God, not themselves.
2. Parsley is described as being an excellent digestive remedy that improves digestion of proteins and fats, promotes nutrient absorption in the intestines, liver, and storage. It contains high enzymes that benefit digestive activity and elimination.
3. The excerpt discusses how people's first duty is self-development by cultivating all faculties to the highest degree to do the most good. Time spent on physical and mental health is time well spent, as people cannot afford to weaken or limit any body or mind functions without suffering consequences.
Making Jams, Jellies and Fruit Preserves
Not only are jams, jellies and fruit preserves easy to make, but is often a favorite of summer.
With the end of summer nearing, farmer's markets and home gardens are now offering fruit and berries. And the season for summer fruits which can be deliciously preserved as jam or jelly. So now's a good time to review the basics of this quick and easy food preservation method.
Jam, jelly &marmalade
Jam, jelly, and marmalade are prepared from fruits and vegetables. Jam is made by boiling fruit pulp with sugar until thick. Jelly is made from boiling fruit extract, sugar, and acid until set. Marmalade contains shreds of citrus peel suspended in a jam-like mixture. The document provides recipes and instructions for producing jam, jelly, and marmalade at home or commercially. Key steps include washing, peeling, boiling fruit with sugar and acid, and testing for proper thickness or set before filling into containers.
Integrated farming system copy (2)
The document outlines the objectives of integrated farming systems as identifying existing systems and formulating models that optimize resource use, recycle farm residues, and improve overall farm profitability. It discusses factors that affect integrated farming systems like soil, climate, resources, and managerial skills. The document also covers the components of integrated farming systems, how enterprises can be integrated, and models of integrated farming. It concludes that integrated farming systems can increase food production, income, and farmer nutrition without harming the environment.
Pickles
Pickling is a food preservation method where food is preserved in brine or vinegar to prevent spoilage. It began 4000 years ago using native Indian cucumbers. The term "pickle" comes from the Dutch word for brine. There are different types of pickles including brined dill pickles, fresh pack, relishes, and fruit pickles. Key ingredients in pickling include salt, vinegar, sugar, and spices which help preserve foods and add flavor. Proper selection, washing, measuring of ingredients, and use of appropriate equipment are tips for successful pickling.
Natural pickles
This document outlines plans for a natural pickle production business. It will produce 40 kg of pickles per day using five female workers in two shifts. The business will be located in a rented house in Malad, Mumbai which will be divided into sections for different production processes. It will produce mango, garlic, cucumber, and lemon pickles to sell at local retailers and compete with established brands. The total capital investment is estimated to be Rs. 15,00,000 including machinery, assets, raw materials, rent, and other startup expenses.
Herbs & spices knowledge/ chefqtrainer.blogspot.com
This document provides information on various herbs and spices. It defines herbs as leaves, stems or flowers of aromatic plants that can be used fresh or dried. Spices are defined as aromatic plant bark, roots, seeds, buds or berries that are usually dried. The document then proceeds to describe the properties and common uses of over 20 individual herbs and spices, including basil, bay leaves, chives, cilantro, dill, mint, lemon grass, oregano, parsley, thyme, rosemary, sage and tarragon among the herbs and allspice, caraway, cumin, ginger, nutmeg, paprika, peppercorn, poppy seeds, saffron and sesame seeds among the spices.
Varieties of herbs and spices around the world
Here are the photos and the name of different varieties of herbs and spices available around the world!!!
Mango jam preparation
This document provides instructions for making mango jam, including a list of ingredients (mango pulp, sugar, water, citric acid), equipment needed (grinder, knife, pot, bottle, stove, stirrer), and steps for the process. The process involves grinding mango pulp, mixing it with sugar, citric acid and water, cooking the mixture at 102-105 degrees C until it thickens, then allowing it to cool before packing it into bottles.
Fermentation technology
Fermentation is a process where microorganisms are grown on a large scale to produce commercial products. Important fermentation products include ethanol, glycerol, lactic acid, acetone, and butanol. Fermentations can occur on an industrial scale using large fermentors. There are three main types of fermentation: batch, continuous, and fed-batch. Fermentation has advantages like preserving and enriching foods, contributing to nutrition, and having low costs. However, it can also pose food safety risks if not properly controlled.
Viewers also liked (12)
Herbs & spices knowledge/ chefqtrainer.blogspot.com
Herbs & spices knowledge/ chefqtrainer.blogspot.com
Similar to Pickel
poster
The study examined how the cross-examination performance of expert witnesses in child sexual abuse cases can influence jurors' verdict, confidence in the verdict, and perception of the child victim's credibility. Forty participants watched recordings of expert testimony and either a good or bad cross-examination. Those in the good cross-examination condition were more confident in their verdict and assessment of the child, and experienced less decrease in confidence after cross-examination, than those in the bad performance condition. However, the cross-examination did not significantly change the verdict or assessment of the child's credibility. More research is needed to understand this effect on confidence.
CIVL Sackler poster 2005 landscape_final
This study examined how mock jurors evaluated different types of bullet lead evidence. 295 college students formed mock juries and heard a murder case where bullet lead evidence was key. The strength of this evidence varied across conditions: strong, worthless, unknown. Jurors who were more confident in their math abilities (Confident jurors) distinguished between strong and worthless evidence, finding the defendant guilty more in the strong condition. However, less confident jurors (Non-confident jurors) performed the same across conditions, finding the defendant guilty at equal low rates regardless of evidence. While Confident jurors used statistics appropriately, they also tended to assume evidence had diagnostic value even when key statistics were missing.
SEPA Study: Juror Psychology
The study examined how the attitude of a jury foreman influences individual jurors' decisions. 33 mock jurors viewed a trial and deliberated under a confederate foreman with either a positive, negative, or neutral attitude towards the defendant. Jurors were more likely to vote not guilty after deliberations if the foreman had a positive attitude, and more likely to vote guilty if the foreman had a negative attitude. A neutral foreman led jurors to not change their vote or vote undecided. The foreman was seen as most persuasive when exhibiting a biased attitude.
Atlanta Powerpoint.mlp.edit
Counsel in sexually violent predator (SVP) civil commitment cases should be held to a higher standard than the Strickland standard of effective assistance of counsel. SVP counsel need expertise on actuarial risk assessment tests, access to independent expert witnesses as guaranteed by Ake, and the ability to vigorously represent their unpopular clients against the public's hatred of sex offenders. Applying therapeutic jurisprudence principles and honoring client voice, validation, and voluntariness requires SVP counsel be highly trained and fully resourced to defend the liberty interests at stake in these quasi-criminal civil commitment hearings.
Chapter 21 - The Investigator and the Legal System1.docx
Chapter 21 - The Investigator and the Legal System
1
The decisions investigators must make involve a great deal of discretion.
Investigators must consider what may be termed risk factors.
2
Investigators must consider what may be termed risk factors.
Some police officers and criminal investigators are not fully aware of the order in
3
which a trial is conducted because time often prohibits them from attending a
complete trail from beginning to end. Also, witnesses are often sequestered from
the courtroom before and after giving testimony. This very common practice is used
to minimize the possibility that a witness’s testimony might be affected by other
witnesses’ testimony.
The courtroom process begins with the selection and swearing in of a jury. Jury
selection can last a few hours or a few weeks, depending on the selection process
and the nature of the case. The jury panel from whom the jurors in the trial will
eventually be picked is called a venire.
The steps in the trial process include: direct examination, cross-examination,
redirect examination, re-cross examination, the rebuttal, surrebuttal, and closing
arguments.
Evidence can be defined as anything that tends logically to prove or disprove
a fact at issue in a judicial case or controversy.
4
a fact at issue in a judicial case or controversy.
The rules of evidence are designed primarily to keep a jury from hearing or
seeing improper evidence, and the first rule of evidence is designed to set
parameters on the above definition of evidence.
Proof may be defined as the combination of all those facts—of all the evidence—in
5
determining the guilt or innocence of a person accused of a crime.
The pie chart above illustrates how several different pieces of evidence can
be put together in order to constitute proof of guilt.
6
be put together in order to constitute proof of guilt.
The doctrine of judicial notice is an evidentiary shortcut. Judicial notice is designed
7
to speed up the trial and eliminate the necessity of formally proving the truth of a
particular matter when the truth is not in dispute.
Direct Evidence
8
Direct evidence usually is the testimony of witnesses that ties the defendant
directly to the commission of the crime, such as the testimony of an
eyewitness who can positively state that the defendant committed the crime.
Real Evidence
Sometimes referred to as “physical evidence,” real evidence is connected
with the commission of the crime and can be produced in court.
Demonstrative Evidence
Demonstrative, or illustrative, evidence is not identical to real evidence even
though the items introduced are tangible. It consists of maps, diagrams,
sketches, photographs, tape recordings, videotapes, X-rays, and visual tests
and demonstrations produced to assist witnesses in explaining their
testimony.
Circumstantial Evidence
9
It is a myth that one cannot be convicted of a crime solely o.
FinalThesisCopy
This document discusses a study that analyzed jury deliberations in a mock civil trial involving a retail discrimination case. The study found that jurors who found for the plaintiff were more likely to express empathy for the plaintiff, while those finding for the defendant expressed a lack of empathy. Jurors who said the case fell on a continuum were more likely to find for the defendant. Juries mentioning the store followed policy found for the defendant, while mentions of not following policy did not affect the outcome. The document reviews concerns about biases influencing jury decisions and discusses models of group decision-making and compromise that may apply to jury deliberations.
CSI criminology.docx
The document discusses the concept of the "CSI effect", where exposure to crime TV shows influences how jurors interpret and rely on forensic evidence in criminal trials. Watching these shows can cause pro-defense bias if real evidence does not meet elevated expectations. It can also lead to unnecessary forensic tests, backlogs in labs, and fabricated results. Prosecutors may try to exclude jurors who have watched a lot of crime shows. Additionally, broadcasting how crimes are investigated on TV makes it harder for police to track and trace criminals, as it teaches them how to evade detection.
Writing Sample
This document summarizes research on the causes of eyewitness misidentification. It identifies several key factors that can lead to mistaken eyewitness identification, including memory influences like overconfidence and the effects of retrieval cues on recall. It also discusses how a lack of knowledge among legal professionals and jurors can contribute to errors, as well as how focusing on a weapon during a crime can impair an eyewitness's memory of other details. The document analyzes multiple studies on this topic and provides an in-depth review of the psychological research into why eyewitness testimony is not always reliable.
Discussion Board Unit4 Proof Requirements and Sentencing Due.docx
Discussion Board Unit4 Proof Requirements and Sentencing Due Date: Initial post- Wed, Reply post -Sun, Points Possible: 75
The discussion assignment for this week includes a review of the Key Assignment Outline completed by one of your classmates, as well as a substantial response to at least one other student.
Primary Task Response: Your first task is to post your own Key Assignment Outline to the discussion area so that other students are able to review your plan. Attach your document to the main discussion post, and include any notes you feel are appropriate. The purpose of this assignment is to help improve the quality of the Key Assignment Draft you will complete next week.
Respond to Another Student: Review at least 1 other student's Key Assignment Outline and provide meaningful feedback. Refrain from general feedback, such as simply stating "good job." Your feedback to other students is most helpful if you not only point out weak areas but also offer suggestions for improvement. The best feedback takes a three-stage approach to identify what was done well, weaknesses, and areas for improvement.
Discussion Board Unit 4 Proof Requirements and Sentencing Due Date: Initial-Wed, Reply- Sun, Points Possible: 75
post an outline of their Key Assignment to the Discussion Board as part of your main post. The main post should include any necessary notes regarding the outline. You should complete at least 1 quality response to a classmate during the week using the three-stage approach to identify the following:
what was done well
weaknesses
areas for improvement
There is an expectation that grammar, spelling, punctuation, and format are correct and professional.
Individual Project Unit 4: Proof Requirements and Sentencing Due: Mon, see class Grading 150 Length: 1,250–1,500 words
Key Assignment
While working an undercover detail in a neighborhood known for drug activity, you notice a vehicle stopped at the intersection waiting for the light to change. The man in the vehicle makes eye contact with you. You approach his vehicle and begin carrying on a conversation with him. You ask him if he needs anything, and he responds by asking you, “What do you have?” You ask him what he is looking for, and he tells you he is looking to score. You show him a small bag containing a white powdery substance; he asks how much, and you respond, "20 dollars." He hands you a $20 bill, and you give him the bag and tip your hat to signal that the transaction was completed. At this time, the man drives off and is stopped a block away by a marked unit. The individual is placed under arrest for drug possession and purchasing drugs, and he is taken to jail.
The individual is charged with possession of a controlled substance. At his trial, he claimed that he was a victim of entrapment by the police. He was found guilty and sentenced to serve 5 years in jail and given credit for the 3 months he already had served in jail.
Assignment Guidelines
Address.
Final Project SamplingJennifer AugustusPSY302Sept.docx
Final Project Sampling
Jennifer Augustus
PSY/302
September 17, 2014
Robert Gregory
Running head: FINAL PROJECT SAMPLING
1
FINAL PROJECT SAMPLING
3
Eyewitness Testimony and the Misinformation Effect Revised Draft
Proposed Research Topic
This study will focus on the Eyewitness Testimony and the Misinformation Effect. This is in relation to the criminal justice system.
The Research Question
What factors contribute to the misinformation effect as it applies to witness testimonies during criminal justice system submissions hearings from witnesses in crimes?
Hypotheses
Witnesses forget vital information regarding the observations made in various scenes resorting to misinformation during airing of their witnesses and various fundamental ways can be used to reduce misinformation effect.
Eyewitness Testimony and the Misinformation Effect
Annotated Bibliography
Malwina, S., & Romuald, P. (2013). Promoting eyewitness testimony quality: Warning vs. reinforced self-affirmation as methods of reduction of the misinformation effect.
This research journal stipulates ways in which warning and reinforced self-affirmation can be used to reduce the misinformation effect on witnesses. In the research, participants are exposed to watch some event after which they are made to read descriptions of the events with some incorrect information. The hypothesis used is confirmed when the participants report false details when misled. The materials used include an audio plus a description in which there were six incorrect details of the audio. The participants were later asked ten open-ended questions. A control experiment composed of a group of participants who are not misled reports correct information. Reinforced self-reaffirmation proved to reduce misinformation effect many times although its applicability in reducing misinformation effect on witnesses is limited as witnesses in reality can only be influenced after exposure to information. This research is essential as it proves the hypothesis of misinformation effect on witnesses after exposure to false details of events (Malwina & Romuald, 2013).
Stephen, P., Ainslie, M., Sabrina, B., & Leanne, B. (2010, Jan). A Prospective Investigation of the Vulnerability of Memory for Positive and Negative Emotional Scenes to the Misinformation Effect.
In this study, researchers investigate the effect of emotional content and passage of time on events to the misinformation and susceptibility of remembering the events. Participants were shown images of highly positive and negative events and asked questions on the images after a week or a month. Control experiment was performed whereby participants were misled on the information of the images. In the results, misled participants were substantially less accurate in answering the questions. In addition, passage of time decreased the accuracy of the participants. In addition, negative images were more susceptible to false memories as compared to positive images. This study ...
POLYGRAPH EXAMS: RELIABILITY AND TRAINING_eng
Звіт Проекту USAID "Справедливе правосуддя" щодо використання технології поліграфа у навчальних цілях, 07 липня 2016 р.
RUNNINGHEAD Bias in Criminal Investigations .docx
RUNNINGHEAD: Bias in Criminal Investigations 1
Bias in Criminal Investigations
Alkhamis Abdualziz
Tiffin University
Bias in Criminal Investigations
06/09/2016
An Analogue Study of Confirmation Bias in Criminal Investigations
Convicting a suspect being guilty is usually a difficult task more especially to People given the responsibility to carry out the sentence. These individuals include; police officers, district attorneys, judges and jury members. This is widely contributed by risks they may face such as; developing confirmation bias or tunnel vision. These parties may readily become convinced that the suspect is guilty, and may then no longer be open to alternative scenarios in which the suspect is actually innocent
People are biased to test hypotheses by looking for confirmation rather than by searching for falsification. According to Kassin (2005) a research bases on psychology suggests that human beings rarely seek, interpret, and create behavioral data that verify it’ once they have an impression thus they are inclined for bias. In a classic study, Lord, Ross, and Lepper (1979) it was found out that confirmation bias has various definite level owing to the fact personal opinions do defer.
People have the aspects of favoring confirmation as laps testing strategy as illustrated by Wason’s card selection paradigm. They also tend to play a progressive role in producing information; apart from selectively confirming evidence, overweighting confirming evidence they also devise strategies in way that that they are more opportunist driven than falsification. (Snyder and Swann (1978) which used these case study to reach for a decision, the more confirming questions the interviewer asked, and the more likely naïve judges were to perceive the interviewee as an extravert. Hence, by asking confirmatory questions, people can actually create confirmatory behavioral information, even in the eye of the naïve beholder.
Confirmation bias is bound to occur during criminal proceeding due to the following; incidental miscarriages of justice in which confirmation bias on the part of police, public prosecution, and even the judge seems to have play central role. According to (Posthumus, 2005). Public defense and police seems to develop some kind of tunnel vision. Another reason is the structure of criminal proceeding. Judge prompt his verdict by naming the evidence that has led him to be convinced of the suspect’s guilt. Yet the process of justifying information is ignored. Criminal proceedings also affected by confirmation bias as (Meissner and kassim 2002) suggest. I t is difficult for police officer to change their minds if they believe that a suspect is lying. Same case applies to jurors they base their judgments on previous proceedings. Criminal procedure naturally provoke confirmation bias.
Three studies has been developed to help in determining between guilt-co.
Unit8 ppp
The document summarizes the key participants and processes involved in a criminal trial in the US legal system. It describes the roles of the judge, court clerk, court reporter, lawyers, jury, and prosecutors and defense attorneys. It also outlines the jury selection process, rules around evidence and witness questioning, opening statements, and the purposes and processes of both prosecution and defense.
Adversarial and inquisitorial_systems_2
Adversarial and inquisitorial systems of justice have blurred distinctions, but key differences remain. In adversarial systems, parties are responsible for evidence and trials determine truth, while inquisitorial systems have faith in pre-trial processes and greater presumption of guilt. Adversarial systems allow prosecutorial discretion and guilty pleas to avoid trial, whereas inquisitorial systems limit discretion and continue trial processes regardless of accused's wishes. The nature of trials also differs, with adversarial trials having parties call witnesses and cross-examine, while inquisitorial trials are judge-led with fewer evidentiary rules. Victims also have a more recognized role in inquisitorial pre-trial investigations and trials.
Identifying And Measuring Juror Bias About Forensic Science Evidence
The document discusses research measuring juror bias related to forensic science evidence. It outlines development of the Forensic Evidence Evaluation Bias (FEEB) scale to identify when juror bias may affect decisions. Studies found the FEEB scale predicted perceptions of weak DNA evidence strength and willingness to convict. Specifically, the pro-prosecution FEEB subscale positively correlated with perception of DNA evidence and predicted higher probability of guilt assessments. Future research aims to validate the FEEB scale with real jurors and different case types.
Evidence powerpoint
This document discusses the importance and types of evidence. It defines evidence as supporting material that strengthens arguments and validates claims. There are different types of evidence like precedent, statistical, testimonial, and common knowledge evidence. Evidence is key in courtrooms, where judges determine its legality and juries decide its validity. Lawyers present evidence to persuade while witnesses provide testimony. The amount and types of evidence needed depends on the audience - friendly, neutral, or hostile audiences require different levels of proof. Sources of evidence must also be carefully evaluated for accuracy, bias, and consistency.
Chapter8
Here are the six basic steps of an appeal:
1. Notice of Appeal - The losing party files a notice of appeal with the trial court clerk.
2. Record on Appeal - The clerk prepares the record of documents and transcripts from the trial for the appeals court.
3. Appellant's Brief - The appellant files a brief explaining any errors made in the trial court.
4. Appellee's Brief - The appellee, or opposing party, files a brief responding to the appellant's claimed errors.
5. Oral Argument - Each side may present oral arguments to a panel of appeals judges.
6. Decision - The appeals court issues a written decision either upholding or overturning the lower court's
Learning Unit 5: Prosecutor Response to D.V. -CRJ 461
This document discusses various strategies prosecutors use to address domestic violence cases more effectively when the victim may be unwilling or unable to cooperate. It describes approaches such as victim witness programs, no-drop policies, diversion programs, vertical prosecution, and evidence-based prosecution. It also discusses the importance of prosecutor training, challenges with abuser treatment programs, and issues around determining whether an abuser has actually changed. The overall goal of these strategies is to improve justice for victims and hold abusers accountable while recognizing the complex dynamics of domestic violence cases.
Consideration of symptom validity as a routine component of forensic assessme...
Consideration of symptom validity as a routine component of forensic assessme...NZ Psychological Society
This document discusses the importance of assessing symptom validity as a routine part of forensic psychological assessments. It provides examples of response biases and incentives that could influence self-reported symptoms. The document argues that evaluating symptom validity strengthens psychological contributions to forensic settings by testing alternative hypotheses and conclusions. It also provides case examples and practice points for incorporating symptom validity assessments.Jennifer Afana's Honors Thesis
This study examined whether experimenter expectations affect participants' memory accuracy and confidence. Participants viewed shapes and later completed a memory test with a research assistant. Without the assistant's knowledge, half or one-third of the answers on their answer sheet were incorrectly keyed. Results showed experimenter expectations did not impact accuracy but did significantly influence participants' confidence in their correct answers. When participants were correct but the experimenter expected the wrong answer, participants had lower confidence than when the experimenter also expected the correct answer. This suggests experimenter expectations can subtly impact witness confidence without affecting accuracy.
Similar to Pickel (20)
Chapter 21 - The Investigator and the Legal System1.docx
Chapter 21 - The Investigator and the Legal System1.docx
Discussion Board Unit4 Proof Requirements and Sentencing Due.docx
Discussion Board Unit4 Proof Requirements and Sentencing Due.docx
Final Project SamplingJennifer AugustusPSY302Sept.docx
Final Project SamplingJennifer AugustusPSY302Sept.docx
Identifying And Measuring Juror Bias About Forensic Science Evidence
Identifying And Measuring Juror Bias About Forensic Science Evidence
Learning Unit 5: Prosecutor Response to D.V. -CRJ 461
Learning Unit 5: Prosecutor Response to D.V. -CRJ 461
Consideration of symptom validity as a routine component of forensic assessme...
Consideration of symptom validity as a routine component of forensic assessme...
More from Hari Louise
Yochelson and samenow
The study aimed to examine the thinking patterns of 255 male convicted offenders over 14 years. Interviews found that criminals have distinct thinking patterns compared to non-criminals, including feeling restless and irritable, seeing requests as impositions, wanting excitement at any cost, and lacking empathy. Criminals were also found to be poor decision-makers who deny responsibility. While most dropped out, only 9 changed after the program, suggesting criminals have ingrained cognitive processes leading to a distorted self-image and criminal choices.
Wheatley
A study examined the effects of acupuncture treatment on 350 prisoners receiving drug addiction treatment. Prisoners received either standard treatment alone or standard treatment plus acupuncture delivered in group sessions by trained practitioners. Qualitative reports from prisoners found improvements in sleep, relaxation, coping skills, and cravings after acupuncture. Quantitatively, the study found a 70% reduction in drug incidents, 41% reduction in serious reports, and 42-33% reduction in positive drug tests from pre- to post-treatment periods. The researcher concluded acupuncture was an effective complementary therapy to standard drug treatment programs in prisons.
Watt et al
The study aimed to see if using a Funhaler, an inhaler with toys that function with deep breathing, could improve adherence to asthma medication in children. Thirty-two Australian children aged 1.5-6 years old used a standard inhaler for one week and the Funhaler the next week, and parents reported on medication adherence. The findings showed that parents reported medicating their children the previous day 38% more often when using the Funhaler compared to the standard inhaler. The conclusion was that making medical regimens fun through incentives like the Funhaler's toys can improve adherence, especially in children.
Watson and raynor
Little Albert was a child used in a study by Watson and Raynor to induce and test a fear response through classical conditioning. They exposed Albert to a rat followed by a loud noise to condition him to fear the rat, then tested if this fear generalized to other similar objects like rabbits and fuzzy materials. The study aimed to see if fear could be induced, if it would transfer, how time affected the response, and how to remove the fear in the lab.
The cognitive interview
The cognitive interview is a technique used by interviewers to help witnesses recall events more accurately. It was developed in the 1980s and combines insights from social and cognitive psychology. The cognitive interview uses multiple memory retrieval strategies, encourages witnesses to recreate the original context, and exploits the associative nature of human memory by using different starting points to access memories. It aims to reduce errors and confabulation by addressing how expectations can influence recall according to schema theory. More recent versions give more control to witnesses and encourage creating a mental image of the event.
Social approach
The document discusses the social approach in social psychology, which analyzes human behavior through the influence of others, groups, society, and culture. It examines key researchers like Milgram and methods like experiments, surveys, and observations. While the approach has demonstrated social influences and explained various phenomena, its weaknesses include oversimplifying individual differences and some research being considered unethical.
Sherman and strang
The document reviews the effectiveness of restorative justice (RJ) in preventing reoffending. It finds that RJ reduces reoffending for violence and property crimes, especially when there is a personal victim, and it is more effective if violence was part of the original crime. RJ also improves victims' mental health by reducing trauma symptoms and helping them process what happened. The conclusion is that there is strong evidence RJ works in some cases, especially for young offenders, and police forces are gaining expertise in RJ conferencing.
Rotter
Rotter reviewed six studies on internal versus external locus of control, finding that participants who felt in control of outcomes (internal locus) were more likely to engage in behaviors to cope with threats, versus those feeling outcomes were due to chance (external locus). Specifically, male smokers who successfully quit smoking had a higher internal locus than those who relapsed, though this difference was not significant for female smokers due to other factors like weight gain.
Nemeth and wachtler
The study investigated how perceived autonomy and consistency influence minority views in a group. In a mock trial experiment, participants deliberated compensation amounts, with a confederate suggesting a deviant lower amount. When the confederate chose their own seat or sat at the head of the table, perceived as more autonomous, their minority view had more influence over the group. Being consistent in the view also increased influence, even affecting decisions in a second case.
Kohlberg moral
Kohlberg was fascinated by Piaget's work on moral development in children. His 1963 doctoral thesis outlined six stages of moral development and aimed to find evidence of progression through these stages. The study involved 58 boys aged 7-16 from Chicago who were given moral dilemmas to solve in interviews over several years. Younger boys tended to reason at earlier stages while older boys used later stage reasoning, providing support for Kohlberg's stage theory of moral development. While the methodology has been criticized, later studies found criminals committing financially-motivated crimes displayed more immature moral reasoning than violent criminals.
Ireland
The document summarizes a study that investigated whether anger management courses are effective for young male offenders. It describes a study with 50 prisoners who completed an anger management course and a control group of 37 prisoners who did not. Measures of wing behavior, cognitive interviews, and self-reported anger were collected before and after for both groups. Results showed significant reductions in reported and observed anger and aggression for prisoners who took the course, but not the control group. However, the study did not collect long-term recidivism data.
Individual differences
Individual differences psychology analyzes individuals from the perspective of their uniqueness, focusing on how people differ rather than generalizing to all people. It uses a range of methods like case studies, participant observation, and literature reviews to gain a deeper understanding of exceptional cases and different groups. While providing practical applications for treating mental illness and understanding diverse cultures, the approach also has disadvantages like potential lack of scientific rigor, subjectivity, and limited generalizability due to focusing on small, unique groups.
Gudjohnsson and bownes
This study examined the relationship between the type of offense committed and how offenders attribute blame for their criminal acts. It administered the 42-item Blame Attribution Inventory to 80 criminals serving sentences in Northern Ireland, divided into groups that committed violent, sexual, or property offenses. Results showed that sexual offenders expressed the most remorse, followed by violent offenders, while violent offenders scored highest on external attribution of blame. When compared to previous findings from England, Irish violent prisoners showed lower scores on mental element, guilt, and higher external attribution. The conclusions were that attribution of blame was largely consistent across offender groups and countries, with some differences found for violent offenders during Northern Ireland's period of conflict.
Gottesman and shields
This document reviews adoption and twin studies on schizophrenia conducted between 1967 and 1976. The studies found that adopted children with schizophrenic biological parents were more likely to develop schizophrenia than those with non-schizophrenic biological parents or adoptive parents. Twin studies also found higher concordance rates of schizophrenia in identical twins compared to fraternal twins, indicating a genetic component. However, concordance rates were below 100%, suggesting both genetic and environmental factors contribute to schizophrenia.
Geer and maisel (start)
Controlled individuals reported less stress than those without control. Both perceived and actual control reduced stress reactions to unpleasant stimuli, though actual control had a greater impact. Providing individuals with some level of control over stressful events can help reduce physiological and psychological stress responses.
Bandura and adams
The document summarizes a study that assessed self-efficacy in patients undergoing desensitization treatment for snake phobias. Ten patients participated in a standardized desensitization program involving relaxation and exposure to images and live snakes. Pre- and post-treatment assessments found that patients with higher levels of increased self-efficacy after treatment engaged more with snakes, supporting the theory that enhancing self-efficacy leads to a belief in one's ability to cope with phobic stimuli.
Farrington et al
This study followed 411 boys from childhood to age 48 to document patterns of offending behavior over time. The study found that criminal behavior peaked at ages 17-18 and that boys who began offending between ages 10-13 were more likely to reoffend. A small proportion (7%) were chronic offenders responsible for about half of recorded offenses. While most boys desisted from crime, the proportion leading successful lives increased from 78% at age 32 to 88% at age 48. Early prevention targeting at-risk youth under age 10 could significantly reduce criminality and related problems by addressing key risk factors like family criminality, poverty, impulsiveness, and poor school performance.
Canter and heritage
The document summarizes research analyzing 66 cases of sexual assault to identify patterns in offender behavior. The analysis found five key variables that were central to most cases: vaginal intercourse, no reaction to the victim, impersonal language, surprise attack, and removal of the victim's clothing. This suggests the attacks were impersonal and sudden, with the victim's response being irrelevant. The researcher concluded this method can help understand how an offender's behavior changes across offenses or determine if multiple offenses were committed by the same person, establishing his 5-factor theory of offender profiling.
Beck et al
Beck et al. interviewed 50 patients diagnosed with depression aged 18 to 48 who were undergoing therapy, as well as a control group of 31 non-depressed patients, to understand cognitive distortions. Patients reported thoughts before and during therapy sessions and some kept thought diaries. Certain themes of low self-esteem, self-blame, feelings of being overwhelmed, anxiety, and paranoia appeared in depressed patients that were not present in the non-depressed group.
Becker
A study used the health belief model to examine mothers' adherence to asthma medication regimens for their children. Interviews found that mothers were more likely to comply when they believed their child's asthma was serious and could interfere with the child's activities. Mothers also complied more if the child's asthma interfered with their own activities. Factors like medication schedules and accessibility issues negatively impacted compliance. Married mothers and those with more education were more likely to comply.
More from Hari Louise (20)
Recently uploaded
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
Treat the symptoms of indigestion, heartburn and stomach reflux with the 10 Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India.
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Do you have abnormal smell after periods? It may be vaginitis. Do not worry, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can help you get a cure.
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
It includes regulation of combination products and medical devices. FDA and industry liaisons.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Learn about body grief and ways to cope with it. We will also explore methods to heal from this challenging experience.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Recently uploaded (20)
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Pickel
- 1. Pickel Investigating the effect of instructions to disregard inadmissible evidence.
- 2. Aims: To look at the effect of prior convictions. To look at the role of the judge’s instructions when they were followed by a legal explanation. To examine how much the credibility of the witness affects the juror’s ability to ignore inadmissible statements.
- 3. Methodology: An experiment using a mock trial of a fictional theft with a mock jury. The critical evidence was introduced ‘by accident’ by the witness. The item was objected by the attorney and then either allowed or overruled by the judge. In the former case, when jurors were instructed to ignore the inadmissible evidence, this ruling by the judge was sometimes supported by a legal explanation: that the inadmissible evidence might be suggestive of bad character in the defendant and so bias the jury. Sometimes no legal explanation was provided.
- 4. Participants: 236 Bali state university psychology students participated as part of a course requirement. They were assigned randomly to one of the conditions in an independent measures design.
- 5. Procedure: On arrival, participants listened to an audiotape of the trial and then completed an questionnaire asking them to make several decisions about the case. One was the verdict, the second was their estimate of the probable guilt of the defendant, and the third was a rating on a 10-point scale of the extent to which knowledge of the prior conviction caused them to believe the defendant was guilty. Finally they gave a rating on the credibility of each witness. There was a control group who did not get the critical evidence.
- 6. Results: As can be seen in the table (next slide), witness confidence is the only statistically significant effect of these listed variables under the conditions of the mock trial (all of the other six variables not shown were virtually identical).
- 8. Results continued... In a further 9 studies, Cutler et al. Looked at the relation between confidence and accuracy. The correlations across the 9 studies between the two variables were 0.00 to 0.20, which is very weak indeed.
- 9. Conclusion: The evidence in the field is consistent in showing that confidence is a poor predictor of witness accuracy. It also shows that jurors’ trust in it is undiminished, even if the judge advises the jury to be wary of it in their summing up.