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The study examined how the cross-examination performance of expert witnesses in child sexual abuse cases can influence jurors' verdict, confidence in the verdict, and perception of the child victim's credibility. Forty participants watched recordings of expert testimony and either a good or bad cross-examination. Those in the good cross-examination condition were more confident in their verdict and assessment of the child, and experienced less decrease in confidence after cross-examination, than those in the bad performance condition. However, the cross-examination did not significantly change the verdict or assessment of the child's credibility. More research is needed to understand this effect on confidence.
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Este documento contiene información sobre una pieza para un proyecto de manufactura. Incluye la sección A3, hoja 1 de 1 y fue creado en SolidWorks por un alumno de la Universidad Tecnológica de Torreón para su clase de Procesos de Manufactura II.
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Running head: PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 1
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Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docx
Running head: PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 1
PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 9
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Matthew M. Rosario
University of the Rookies
May 15, 2018
Abstract
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Understanding how juror verdict come to be not from a lawyer standpoint by a psychological one can be beneficial as far a juror selection. Juror selection is the most important part during pre-trial services. Being able to use science to investigate juror personality in regards to personality evidence can create a new theory in psychology and law once the research begins and the length and understanding of the topic is better. This paper will outline information of my research topic.
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Abstract
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Understanding how juror verdict come to be not from a lawyer standpoint by a psychological one can be beneficial as far a juror selection. Juror selection is the most important part during pre-trial services. Being able to use science to investigate juror personality in regards to personality evidence can create a new theory in psychology and law once the research begins and the length and understanding of the topic is better. This paper will outline information of my research topic.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Juvenile competency to stand trial in criminal court and brain
function
Roni Mayzer
a
*, April R. Bradley
b
, Holly Rusinko
b
and Troy W. Ertelt
b
a
Department of Criminal Justice, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA;
b
Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA
(Received 19 September 2008; final version received 21 May 2009)
Current estimates indicate that approximately 200,000 juveniles are
transferred to the (adult) criminal court system each year and it is often
required that the juvenile’s ability to function in adult criminal
proceedings be assessed by a mental health professional. We review
the literature on the assessment of juvenile competency to stand trial in
criminal court, adolescent brain development, and related cognitive
skills. We conclude that integrative developmental theories are needed
to guide research and provide theoretical pathways to apply neuropsy-
chological information to juvenile competency behaviors and the
assessment of these behaviors.
Keywords: adolescence; cognitive functioning; criminal procedure;
developmental; forensic
Over the past decade an increasing number of juvenile offenders have been
moved to the American (adult) criminal court system (Snyder & Sickmund,
1999). While it is difficult to assess the exact number of transferred children
and adolescents, the best available estimates suggest around 200,000 cases
annually (American Bar Association Criminal Justice Section, 2001).
Unfortunately, research indicates poorer outcomes (i.e., higher re-arrest
rates) for those moved to criminal court compared to those who remain in
juvenile court (MacArthur Foundation Research Network, 2006). This has
led to questions about juveniles’ competency to participate in the trial
process in an adult setting. How much do competence-related abilities
depend on developmental maturity in cognitive, social, and underlying
neurological domains? An appreciation of the extent to which juvenile
offenders demonstrate competence-related abilities is crucial in order to
engage in a criminal justice process free from coercion and to design policies
for the adjudication of juveniles appropriate to their developmental level
(Melton, Petrila, Poythress, & Slobogin, 1997).
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology
Vol. 20, No. 6, December 2009, 785–800
ISSN 1478-9949 print/ISSN 1478-9957 online
� 2009 Taylor & Francis
DOI: 10.1080/14789940903174089
http://www.informaworld.com
Increasingly, the field of criminology has also recognized the importance
of developmental perspectives for understanding the etiology of crime and
delinquency. Key theorists (e.g., Moffitt, 1993) have proposed explanations
for life-course-persistent offending which implicate neuropsychological
impairments in executive and verbal functions. However, relatively few
studies have included neuropsychological assessments, and brain imaging
techn ...
Psychology Research Methods - Final Research Paper
The study investigated how race and age affect perceptions of friendliness. 57 female college students rated photos of women on friendliness. Results showed:
1) Participants rated college-aged targets as friendlier than middle-aged targets, but did not rate racially congruent targets as significantly friendlier.
2) Participants rated racially incongruent college-aged targets as significantly friendlier than middle-aged targets, but did not differ in ratings for racially congruent targets.
3) There was a significant interaction between race and age on friendliness ratings.
Final Project SamplingJennifer AugustusPSY302Sept.docx
Final Project Sampling
Jennifer Augustus
PSY/302
September 17, 2014
Robert Gregory
Running head: FINAL PROJECT SAMPLING
1
FINAL PROJECT SAMPLING
3
Eyewitness Testimony and the Misinformation Effect Revised Draft
Proposed Research Topic
This study will focus on the Eyewitness Testimony and the Misinformation Effect. This is in relation to the criminal justice system.
The Research Question
What factors contribute to the misinformation effect as it applies to witness testimonies during criminal justice system submissions hearings from witnesses in crimes?
Hypotheses
Witnesses forget vital information regarding the observations made in various scenes resorting to misinformation during airing of their witnesses and various fundamental ways can be used to reduce misinformation effect.
Eyewitness Testimony and the Misinformation Effect
Annotated Bibliography
Malwina, S., & Romuald, P. (2013). Promoting eyewitness testimony quality: Warning vs. reinforced self-affirmation as methods of reduction of the misinformation effect.
This research journal stipulates ways in which warning and reinforced self-affirmation can be used to reduce the misinformation effect on witnesses. In the research, participants are exposed to watch some event after which they are made to read descriptions of the events with some incorrect information. The hypothesis used is confirmed when the participants report false details when misled. The materials used include an audio plus a description in which there were six incorrect details of the audio. The participants were later asked ten open-ended questions. A control experiment composed of a group of participants who are not misled reports correct information. Reinforced self-reaffirmation proved to reduce misinformation effect many times although its applicability in reducing misinformation effect on witnesses is limited as witnesses in reality can only be influenced after exposure to information. This research is essential as it proves the hypothesis of misinformation effect on witnesses after exposure to false details of events (Malwina & Romuald, 2013).
Stephen, P., Ainslie, M., Sabrina, B., & Leanne, B. (2010, Jan). A Prospective Investigation of the Vulnerability of Memory for Positive and Negative Emotional Scenes to the Misinformation Effect.
In this study, researchers investigate the effect of emotional content and passage of time on events to the misinformation and susceptibility of remembering the events. Participants were shown images of highly positive and negative events and asked questions on the images after a week or a month. Control experiment was performed whereby participants were misled on the information of the images. In the results, misled participants were substantially less accurate in answering the questions. In addition, passage of time decreased the accuracy of the participants. In addition, negative images were more susceptible to false memories as compared to positive images. This study ...
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Este documento contiene información sobre una pieza para un proyecto de manufactura. Incluye la sección A3, hoja 1 de 1 y fue creado en SolidWorks por un alumno de la Universidad Tecnológica de Torreón para su clase de Procesos de Manufactura II.
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Similar to poster
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docx
Running head: PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 1
PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 9
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
Matthew M. Rosario
University of the Rookies
May 15, 2018
Abstract
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Understanding how juror verdict come to be not from a lawyer standpoint by a psychological one can be beneficial as far a juror selection. Juror selection is the most important part during pre-trial services. Being able to use science to investigate juror personality in regards to personality evidence can create a new theory in psychology and law once the research begins and the length and understanding of the topic is better. This paper will outline information of my research topic.
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Law does not change in theory, but psychology does which enhances psychological understanding of the world. Being able to identify juror in favor of a particlar postion during “Voir Dire” can be beneficial during legal preceedings. Voir dire is the ability to rehabilitate the jury by allowing the judge and attorney to observe and ask questions to eliminate bias jurors before selecting the final 12 jurors who will preside over the case (Erik, Marek, 2016). Unfortunately, this method can be used in order to evaluate which juror would be most benefical for a particlar lawyer during a trial. In other words, lawyers have the ability to munapluate the selction process in order to gain juror in their favor. According to Schuller, Erentzen, Vo, and Li (2015) it is the right for one to be tried by an impartial and independent jury from one’s peers, but this can be difficult when peers can be prejudice or possibly chosen by attorneys to benefit their position. At this time there is mininal psychological assessement being conducted in order to understand the jurors position outside of their biases. Because this is a new topic emerging in studies, more research needs to be conducted in order to understand the bases of trial science and the annotation of using trial consultant to create mock trials for juror selection for their advantage. Due to trial science being a new specialty this lead to the research topic can personality inventories indicate a juror verdict during trial? Many researchers concluded that juror background demographic information, education and personality could influence a juror verdict, but did not con.
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docx
Running head: PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 1
PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 9
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
Matthew M. Rosario
University of the Rookies
May 15, 2018
Abstract
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Understanding how juror verdict come to be not from a lawyer standpoint by a psychological one can be beneficial as far a juror selection. Juror selection is the most important part during pre-trial services. Being able to use science to investigate juror personality in regards to personality evidence can create a new theory in psychology and law once the research begins and the length and understanding of the topic is better. This paper will outline information of my research topic.
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Law does not change in theory, but psychology does which enhances psychological understanding of the world. Being able to identify juror in favor of a particlar postion during “Voir Dire” can be beneficial during legal preceedings. Voir dire is the ability to rehabilitate the jury by allowing the judge and attorney to observe and ask questions to eliminate bias jurors before selecting the final 12 jurors who will preside over the case (Erik, Marek, 2016). Unfortunately, this method can be used in order to evaluate which juror would be most benefical for a particlar lawyer during a trial. In other words, lawyers have the ability to munapluate the selction process in order to gain juror in their favor. According to Schuller, Erentzen, Vo, and Li (2015) it is the right for one to be tried by an impartial and independent jury from one’s peers, but this can be difficult when peers can be prejudice or possibly chosen by attorneys to benefit their position. At this time there is mininal psychological assessement being conducted in order to understand the jurors position outside of their biases. Because this is a new topic emerging in studies, more research needs to be conducted in order to understand the bases of trial science and the annotation of using trial consultant to create mock trials for juror selection for their advantage. Due to trial science being a new specialty this lead to the research topic can personality inventories indicate a juror verdict during trial? Many researchers concluded that juror background demographic information, education and personality could influence a juror verdict, but did not con ...
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docx
Running head: PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 1
PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 9
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
Matthew M. Rosario
University of the Rookies
May 15, 2018
Abstract
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Understanding how juror verdict come to be not from a lawyer standpoint by a psychological one can be beneficial as far a juror selection. Juror selection is the most important part during pre-trial services. Being able to use science to investigate juror personality in regards to personality evidence can create a new theory in psychology and law once the research begins and the length and understanding of the topic is better. This paper will outline information of my research topic.
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Law does not change in theory, but psychology does which enhances psychological understanding of the world. Being able to identify juror in favor of a particlar postion during “Voir Dire” can be beneficial during legal preceedings. Voir dire is the ability to rehabilitate the jury by allowing the judge and attorney to observe and ask questions to eliminate bias jurors before selecting the final 12 jurors who will preside over the case (Erik, Marek, 2016). Unfortunately, this method can be used in order to evaluate which juror would be most benefical for a particlar lawyer during a trial. In other words, lawyers have the ability to munapluate the selction process in order to gain juror in their favor. According to Schuller, Erentzen, Vo, and Li (2015) it is the right for one to be tried by an impartial and independent jury from one’s peers, but this can be difficult when peers can be prejudice or possibly chosen by attorneys to benefit their position. At this time there is mininal psychological assessement being conducted in order to understand the jurors position outside of their biases. Because this is a new topic emerging in studies, more research needs to be conducted in order to understand the bases of trial science and the annotation of using trial consultant to create mock trials for juror selection for their advantage. Due to trial science being a new specialty this lead to the research topic can personality inventories indicate a juror verdict during trial? Many researchers concluded that juror background demographic information, education and personality could influence a juror verdict, but did not con.
A Trust In Legal Professionals Scale Implications For Jury Functioning
The document summarizes a study examining trust in legal professionals and its implications for jury functioning. It discusses the development of a Trust in Legal Professionals Scale (TLPS) to measure trust along dimensions of honesty, reliability, and emotion. Two studies were conducted: Study 1 examined the role of trust in legal professionals (as measured by the TLPS) on jury functioning using student samples. Study 2 explored how trust may impact gender differences in jury deliberations using an experimental trial simulation with student juries. Results found targets of trust varied between lawyers, judges, and juries and no gender differences in trust; and that trust was associated with dominance in deliberations differently for male and female jury members.
Pickel
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of judicial instructions to disregard inadmissible evidence presented in a mock trial. Specifically, it examined how juror credibility ratings of witnesses and verdicts were impacted when judges provided legal explanations for their instructions to ignore evidence versus no explanation. Results showed that witness credibility was the only statistically significant factor influencing juror decisions under the conditions tested. Further analysis confirmed confidence is a poor predictor of witness accuracy.
SEPA Poster (2)
1) The study examined whether a defendant's sexual orientation or a juror's personality traits would influence guilty verdicts. 168 participants read a criminal case vignette varying the defendant's gender (male or female) and sexual orientation (heterosexual or homosexual).
2) Results found that homosexual defendants, whether male or female, received higher guilty ratings than their heterosexual counterparts. Female participants also gave higher guilty ratings to homosexual defendants compared to male participants.
3) While juror personality traits did not directly influence verdicts, traits like openness, agreeableness and self-actualization correlated with lower guilty ratings overall. However, these traits did not reduce discrimination against homosexual defendants.
Jennifer Afana's Honors Thesis
This study examined whether experimenter expectations affect participants' memory accuracy and confidence. Participants viewed shapes and later completed a memory test with a research assistant. Without the assistant's knowledge, half or one-third of the answers on their answer sheet were incorrectly keyed. Results showed experimenter expectations did not impact accuracy but did significantly influence participants' confidence in their correct answers. When participants were correct but the experimenter expected the wrong answer, participants had lower confidence than when the experimenter also expected the correct answer. This suggests experimenter expectations can subtly impact witness confidence without affecting accuracy.
E. Jenkins' Thesis
This document is a thesis submitted by Elizabeth Jenkins to Howard University examining the effect of confidence in past performance on future performance. It provides background on underrepresentation of minorities in STEM fields and research showing stereotype threat and validation can negatively impact performance. The study hypothesized that high confidence in strong past performance would predict better future performance, while high confidence in poor past performance would predict worse future performance. 147 Black undergraduate students completed 2 math tests, evaluating their first performance and confidence. Results found high confidence in strong performance predicted better second test scores, while high confidence in poor performance predicted worse scores, supporting the hypothesis.
Atlanta Powerpoint.mlp.edit
Counsel in sexually violent predator (SVP) civil commitment cases should be held to a higher standard than the Strickland standard of effective assistance of counsel. SVP counsel need expertise on actuarial risk assessment tests, access to independent expert witnesses as guaranteed by Ake, and the ability to vigorously represent their unpopular clients against the public's hatred of sex offenders. Applying therapeutic jurisprudence principles and honoring client voice, validation, and voluntariness requires SVP counsel be highly trained and fully resourced to defend the liberty interests at stake in these quasi-criminal civil commitment hearings.
SEPA Study: Juror Psychology
The study examined how the attitude of a jury foreman influences individual jurors' decisions. 33 mock jurors viewed a trial and deliberated under a confederate foreman with either a positive, negative, or neutral attitude towards the defendant. Jurors were more likely to vote not guilty after deliberations if the foreman had a positive attitude, and more likely to vote guilty if the foreman had a negative attitude. A neutral foreman led jurors to not change their vote or vote undecided. The foreman was seen as most persuasive when exhibiting a biased attitude.
Testing for conscientiousness. Programming Personality Factors
The document describes a study that developed and tested a 23-item inventory to measure the personality trait of conscientiousness. 62 college students completed the inventory, which assessed conscientiousness using four facets: achievement, deliberation, order, and self-discipline. Cronbach's alpha reliability was .77 and test-retest reliability over one week was .966, indicating good reliability. Validity analyses found moderate correlations between conscientiousness scores and GPA/life satisfaction but no correlation with extroversion. While reliability was good, validity analyses suggested the measure may not be suitable for clinical use. The study provided statistical information that could help improve measures of conscientiousness.
Writing Sample
This document summarizes research on the causes of eyewitness misidentification. It identifies several key factors that can lead to mistaken eyewitness identification, including memory influences like overconfidence and the effects of retrieval cues on recall. It also discusses how a lack of knowledge among legal professionals and jurors can contribute to errors, as well as how focusing on a weapon during a crime can impair an eyewitness's memory of other details. The document analyzes multiple studies on this topic and provides an in-depth review of the psychological research into why eyewitness testimony is not always reliable.
RESEARCH ARTICLEJuvenile competency to stand trial in crim.docx
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Juvenile competency to stand trial in criminal court and brain
function
Roni Mayzer
a
*, April R. Bradley
b
, Holly Rusinko
b
and Troy W. Ertelt
b
a
Department of Criminal Justice, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA;
b
Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA
(Received 19 September 2008; final version received 21 May 2009)
Current estimates indicate that approximately 200,000 juveniles are
transferred to the (adult) criminal court system each year and it is often
required that the juvenile’s ability to function in adult criminal
proceedings be assessed by a mental health professional. We review
the literature on the assessment of juvenile competency to stand trial in
criminal court, adolescent brain development, and related cognitive
skills. We conclude that integrative developmental theories are needed
to guide research and provide theoretical pathways to apply neuropsy-
chological information to juvenile competency behaviors and the
assessment of these behaviors.
Keywords: adolescence; cognitive functioning; criminal procedure;
developmental; forensic
Over the past decade an increasing number of juvenile offenders have been
moved to the American (adult) criminal court system (Snyder & Sickmund,
1999). While it is difficult to assess the exact number of transferred children
and adolescents, the best available estimates suggest around 200,000 cases
annually (American Bar Association Criminal Justice Section, 2001).
Unfortunately, research indicates poorer outcomes (i.e., higher re-arrest
rates) for those moved to criminal court compared to those who remain in
juvenile court (MacArthur Foundation Research Network, 2006). This has
led to questions about juveniles’ competency to participate in the trial
process in an adult setting. How much do competence-related abilities
depend on developmental maturity in cognitive, social, and underlying
neurological domains? An appreciation of the extent to which juvenile
offenders demonstrate competence-related abilities is crucial in order to
engage in a criminal justice process free from coercion and to design policies
for the adjudication of juveniles appropriate to their developmental level
(Melton, Petrila, Poythress, & Slobogin, 1997).
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology
Vol. 20, No. 6, December 2009, 785–800
ISSN 1478-9949 print/ISSN 1478-9957 online
� 2009 Taylor & Francis
DOI: 10.1080/14789940903174089
http://www.informaworld.com
Increasingly, the field of criminology has also recognized the importance
of developmental perspectives for understanding the etiology of crime and
delinquency. Key theorists (e.g., Moffitt, 1993) have proposed explanations
for life-course-persistent offending which implicate neuropsychological
impairments in executive and verbal functions. However, relatively few
studies have included neuropsychological assessments, and brain imaging
techn ...
Psychology Research Methods - Final Research Paper
The study investigated how race and age affect perceptions of friendliness. 57 female college students rated photos of women on friendliness. Results showed:
1) Participants rated college-aged targets as friendlier than middle-aged targets, but did not rate racially congruent targets as significantly friendlier.
2) Participants rated racially incongruent college-aged targets as significantly friendlier than middle-aged targets, but did not differ in ratings for racially congruent targets.
3) There was a significant interaction between race and age on friendliness ratings.
Final Project SamplingJennifer AugustusPSY302Sept.docx
Final Project Sampling
Jennifer Augustus
PSY/302
September 17, 2014
Robert Gregory
Running head: FINAL PROJECT SAMPLING
1
FINAL PROJECT SAMPLING
3
Eyewitness Testimony and the Misinformation Effect Revised Draft
Proposed Research Topic
This study will focus on the Eyewitness Testimony and the Misinformation Effect. This is in relation to the criminal justice system.
The Research Question
What factors contribute to the misinformation effect as it applies to witness testimonies during criminal justice system submissions hearings from witnesses in crimes?
Hypotheses
Witnesses forget vital information regarding the observations made in various scenes resorting to misinformation during airing of their witnesses and various fundamental ways can be used to reduce misinformation effect.
Eyewitness Testimony and the Misinformation Effect
Annotated Bibliography
Malwina, S., & Romuald, P. (2013). Promoting eyewitness testimony quality: Warning vs. reinforced self-affirmation as methods of reduction of the misinformation effect.
This research journal stipulates ways in which warning and reinforced self-affirmation can be used to reduce the misinformation effect on witnesses. In the research, participants are exposed to watch some event after which they are made to read descriptions of the events with some incorrect information. The hypothesis used is confirmed when the participants report false details when misled. The materials used include an audio plus a description in which there were six incorrect details of the audio. The participants were later asked ten open-ended questions. A control experiment composed of a group of participants who are not misled reports correct information. Reinforced self-reaffirmation proved to reduce misinformation effect many times although its applicability in reducing misinformation effect on witnesses is limited as witnesses in reality can only be influenced after exposure to information. This research is essential as it proves the hypothesis of misinformation effect on witnesses after exposure to false details of events (Malwina & Romuald, 2013).
Stephen, P., Ainslie, M., Sabrina, B., & Leanne, B. (2010, Jan). A Prospective Investigation of the Vulnerability of Memory for Positive and Negative Emotional Scenes to the Misinformation Effect.
In this study, researchers investigate the effect of emotional content and passage of time on events to the misinformation and susceptibility of remembering the events. Participants were shown images of highly positive and negative events and asked questions on the images after a week or a month. Control experiment was performed whereby participants were misled on the information of the images. In the results, misled participants were substantially less accurate in answering the questions. In addition, passage of time decreased the accuracy of the participants. In addition, negative images were more susceptible to false memories as compared to positive images. This study ...
Jury psychology of criminal investigation
- Jurors make decisions about guilt or innocence based on how convincing the narratives presented by the prosecution and defense are, rather than careful, deliberate consideration of evidence.
- Many factors can influence jury decisions, including the characteristics of the defendant, jurors, and psychological factors like attribution theory.
- Researching actual juries is difficult, so mock and shadow juries are used instead to study the effects of these influencing factors, though they have limitations compared to real trials.
Hogan and Holloway poster (1)
This study examined the effects of content and speed of thought on risk taking. 28 subjects watched one of four videos that varied content (neutral vs illicit) and speed (slow vs fast shot length). They then completed a risk-taking survey. Results found males were more likely to engage in risks. Perceived risk and benefit ratings for illicit-slow vs illicit-fast were in the predicted direction, suggesting content impacts risk taking. Limitations included a small, homogeneous sample. The study concluded that both content and speed of thought can influence risk perceptions and likelihood of taking risks.
M4_A1_Weber_Jennifer
This document provides an overview of a presentation on whether children make effective witnesses. It discusses the purpose of examining the role of child witnesses and the effects of testifying. The presentation covers the history of child testimony, relevant psychological theories, landmark cases, ethical considerations, research tools, a case study example, themes in the research, and limitations. It concludes that a child's success in providing accurate testimony depends on their developmental age and abilities, as well as unbiased interview techniques.
Technology to Evaluate Litigation Risk
This document summarizes a presentation about using technology to evaluate litigation risk. It introduces the presenters: Dr. Donald Vinson, founder of a trial consulting firm; Dr. Katie Vinson, a social psychologist who predicts jury behavior; and Benjamin Kingston, an attorney who manages litigation funding. The presentation emphasizes that early case assessment is crucial for determining litigation strategy and avoiding costly mistakes. However, traditional assessments by attorneys are often inaccurate. The presentation proposes using statistical analysis of real and surrogate juror data combined with case characteristics in a "black box" algorithm to provide more accurate early case evaluations.
Columbia Group Project
This study examined how people make assumptions about physical appearance and personality traits based on voice characteristics. 42 students listened to recordings of 2 male and 2 female voices and answered questions about the physical traits and rated personality traits of the voices. The results showed that accuracy in determining physical traits tended to be higher for lower pitched voices. Confidence levels did not differ based on voice pitch. 100% of subjects perceived one voice as younger than it actually was, likely due to its higher pitch. Personality traits could be predicted from voice recordings with 65-80% accuracy based on previous research. Limitations and opportunities for further study are discussed.
Similar to poster (20)
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docx
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docx
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docx
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docx
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docx
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docx
A Trust In Legal Professionals Scale Implications For Jury Functioning
A Trust In Legal Professionals Scale Implications For Jury Functioning
Testing for conscientiousness. Programming Personality Factors
Testing for conscientiousness. Programming Personality Factors
RESEARCH ARTICLEJuvenile competency to stand trial in crim.docx
RESEARCH ARTICLEJuvenile competency to stand trial in crim.docx
Psychology Research Methods - Final Research Paper
Psychology Research Methods - Final Research Paper
Final Project SamplingJennifer AugustusPSY302Sept.docx
Final Project SamplingJennifer AugustusPSY302Sept.docx
poster
- 1. The Effects of the Cross-Examination Performance of Expert Witnesses on Jury Decision-Making in Cases of Child Sexual Abuse. Author: Magdalena Izabella Tokarczyk₁, Project Supervisor: Paul Summers₂ Contributors: Dr Debora Jeske₃, Roger Witts₄ and Rob Tucker₅ ₁,₂Department of Psychology, University of York, UK; ₃Department of Psychology, Northumbria University ; ₄ University of York; ₅ GT Training and Consultancy Ltd There have been many research studies into the effects of expert testimony on jury decision-making, ranging from characteristics of the expert witness such as likeability1 and confidence 2 to its usefulness in reducing misconceptions about CSA 3. To date, only one study has looked at the implications of cross-examining expert witnesses in cases involving CSA 4. The aim of the current study was to find out how the performance of expert witnesses under cross-examination can influence not only the jurors’ verdict but also their confidence in it as well as in the child victim credibility. Design :The study used a 2x3 mixed design. Independent factor: cross- examination (good and bad). Repeated measures factor: case evaluation (before and after expert evidence, after cross examination). Participants : 40 (15 male, 25 female), 20 participants in each cross- examination condition. Mostly students aged 18-46. Materials: written case summary, recordings of: expert testimony and cross- examination (good and bad), questionnaires assessing verdict, child credibility, confidence and evaluation of the expert witness. There was no significant change in verdict or the assessment of child credibility at any stage of the experiment. There was however a significant difference in confidence between the two cross-examination conditions as well as the degree of confidence change from one point of testing to the next. Those in the good cross-examination condition were more confident in their verdict and the assessment of child credibility than those in the bad performance condition. They also showed less decrease in confidence following cross-examination. The fact that cross-examination performance of an expert witness affects jurors’ confidence in their verdict but not the verdict itself suggests that more research is required to examine this effect. It is possible that this effect could be magnified in deliberating jurors, where individuals might share their doubts with others, which could either strengthen or weaken them. These and future findings could inform expert witnesses on how to prepare for CSA cases so that the prosecution would be more likely to convict. 1. Brodsky, S.L., Neal, T.M., Cramer, R.J. & Ziemke, M.H. (2009). Credibility in the courtroom: How likeable should an expert witness be? Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 37(4), 525- 532. 2. Cramer, R.J., Brodsky, S.L. & DeCoster, J. (2009). Expert witness confidence and juror personality: Their impact on credibility and persuasion in the courtroom. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 37(1), 63-74. 3. Goodman-Delahunty, J., Cossins, A. & O’Brien, K. (2011). A comparison of expert evidence and judicial directions to counter misconceptions in child sexual abuse trials. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 44(2), 196-217. 4. Kovera, M.B., Levy, R.J., Borgida, E. & Penrod, S.D. (1994). Expert testimony in child sexual abuse cases: Effects of expert evidence type and cross-examination. Law and Human Behavior, 18(6), 653. Time of testing Guilty Not guilty Credible Not credible Before expert testimony 5 35 36 4 After expert testimony 2 38 38 2 After cross-examination 2 38 39 1 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 verdict change 1 verdict change 2 child credibility change 1 child credibility change 2 bad cross-examination performance good cross-examination performance 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 verdict child credibility before expert testimony after expert testimony after cross- examination 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 verdict child credibility before expert testimony after expert testimony after cross- examination Good cross- examination condition Bad cross- examination condition Confidence scores Change in confidence scores