Phytosomes are advanced herbal formulations that encapsulate bioactive phytoconstituents within a lipid, enhancing their absorption and bioavailability. These complexes improve the stability and delivery of herbal constituents, resulting in a reduced dosage requirement due to better absorption. Various preparation methods exist, including antisolvent precipitation and rotary evaporation techniques, and they have applications in treating conditions such as cancer and providing antioxidant benefits.

1. -Mayank pandey

2.  The term "phyto" means plant and "some" means
cell-like. Phytosomes are little cell like structures.
 This is advanced form of herbal formulations
which contains the bioactive phytoconstituents of
herb extracts surround and bound by a lipid.
 Most of bioactive constituents are water soluble
compounds like flavonoids, glycosides.
 Because of their water soluble property and
lipophilic outer layer it shows better absorption
and produce better bioavailability.

3.  Phytosome is a complex between natural product and
natural phospholipid.
 The Phytosome complex is obtained by reaction of
suitable amount of phospholipid and the substrate in
appropriate solvent such as glycerol.
 The main phospholipid-substrate interaction is due to
formation of hydrogen bonds between polar head of
phospholipid and polar functionalities of substrate.
 When treated with water, they assume a micelle shape,
forming structures which resembles liposomes.

5.  Enhanced absorption of herbal constituent.
 As the absorption of active constituents is improved,
its dose requirement is also reduced.
 Phosphotidylcholine acts as hepatoprotective, giving
synergistic effect.
 It shows better stability profile.
 It assures proper delivery of drugs to the respective
tissues.

6.  When administered orally or topically they limit their
bioavailability.
 Phytoconstituents is quickly eliminated from
phytosome.
 Stability problem.

7.  Phospholipids: phosphatidylcholine, egg
phosphatidylcholine, dipalmityl phosphatidylcholine,
phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine
 Aprotic solvent: Dioxane, acetone , methylene
chloride
 Non-solvent: n-hexane
 Alcohol: Ethanol, methanol

10. There are three types of methods of phytosomal
preparation. They are as follows:-
1. Antisolvent Precipitation Technique
2. Rotary Evaporation Technique
3. Solvent Evaporation Technique

11.  Spectroscopic evaluation:- It is employed in order to
confirm the formation of complex as well as to study
interactions
 Determination of drug content:- Determined by UV
spectrophotometer
 In-vitro and In-vivo evaluation:- This can be done
according to therapeutic activity measurement
parameters of biologically active phytoconstituents
present in Phytosome

12.  Improve bioavailability
 Improve efficacy
 Absorption enhancement
 Antioxidant properties
 Hepato protective
 Transdermal application
 Cancer treatment

13. Constituents Biological activity
Curcumin Anticancer and antioxidants
Ginkgo biloba Antidiabetic and cardioprotective
Ginsenosides Immunomodulator and
nutraceuticals
Hawthorn Cardioprotective
Naringenin Anticancer and anti
inflammmatory