The document summarizes research on the phytochemical investigation and study of drug potential of phytocompounds in Nicotiana tobaccum (tobacco). Key findings include:
1. Phytochemical screening of tobacco extracts using different solvents found various compounds including alkaloids, phenols, saponins, and tannins.
2. Estimation of specific compounds like alkaloids, ascorbic acid, and phenols was performed on the extracts.
3. Thin layer chromatography and high-performance thin layer chromatography analysis aided in separation and identification of phytochemicals.
4. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy helped identify pharmacologically important compounds
Crude drugs are plant, animal or their parts which after collection are subjected only to drying or making them into transverse/ longitudinal slices pieces or peeling them in some cases. They exist in natural form.
Crude drugs may be derived from various natural sources like Plants, Animals, Minerals, Marine and Micro-organisms etc
Crude drugs are plant, animal or their parts which after collection are subjected only to drying or making them into transverse/ longitudinal slices pieces or peeling them in some cases. They exist in natural form.
Crude drugs may be derived from various natural sources like Plants, Animals, Minerals, Marine and Micro-organisms etc
Evaluation of drug means confirmation of its identity and determination of its quality and purity and detection of nature of adulteration.Evaluation of herbal drug is an important tool in the formulation of high quality herbal products. Quality of herb is
depends upon on many factors like cultivation, collection, drying, storage, processing for market etc. Now a day’s
substitution and adulteration of herb is very common due to scarcity of drug and its high price prevailing in the
market. Owing to medicinal properties attributed to an herb, it is necessary to maintain its quality and purity in the
commercial market. A present overview covering various tool like morphological, microscopical, physical, chemical
and biological employed for evaluation of herbal drugs.
Synonyms:- Vinca rosea, Catharanthus, Madagascar,periwinkle.
Barmasi.
Biological Source:- Vinca is the dried entire plant of Catharanthus roseus Linn .belonging to family Apocynaceae
Geographical Source:- The plant is a native of Madagascar and is found in manytropical and subtropical countries especially in India, Australia,South Africa and North and South America. The plant is cultivated as garden plant in Europe and India.
The concept of beauty and cosmetics is as ancient as mankind and civilization. Women are obsessed with looking beautiful. So, they use various beauty products that have herbs to look charming and young. Indian herbs and its significance are popular worldwide. An herbal cosmetic have growing demand in the world market and is an invaluable gift of nature. Herbal formulations always have attracted considerable attention because of their good activity and comparatively lesser or nil side effects with synthetic drugs. Herbs and spices have been used in maintaining and enhancing human beauty.
Cardiotonic are the drugs that give strength or energy to the activity of the heart. Cardiotonic increases the force of contraction of cardiac muscle and stimulates the overall activity of the heart. The drugs which are used as Cardiotonics are
Digitalis and Arjuna.
Ayurvedic Formulation: Asava, Arishta, Avaleha, Ghrita, Taila, Gutika
Concept of Detoxification: Panchkarma
Final Year B.Pharm (Sem-VIII) Pharmacognosy-III (Mumbai University Syllabus
Enzymes are protentious substances that catalyze or increase the rate of chemical reactions in a living organism.
It acts as a catalyst for specific reactions and converts the specific substrate into a specific product.
The biological processes that occur within all living organisms are chemical reactions, and most are regulated by enzymes.
Without enzymes, many of these reactions would not take place.
They are practically inactive at 0°C and beyond 65°C get denatured.
Crude drugs which contain enzymes are Papaya, Diastase, Yeast.
Factor like pH of the medium direct affects their action.
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum. They are native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice. Cloves are commercially harvested primarily in Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Tanzania.
Evaluation of drug means confirmation of its identity and determination of its quality and purity and detection of nature of adulteration.Evaluation of herbal drug is an important tool in the formulation of high quality herbal products. Quality of herb is
depends upon on many factors like cultivation, collection, drying, storage, processing for market etc. Now a day’s
substitution and adulteration of herb is very common due to scarcity of drug and its high price prevailing in the
market. Owing to medicinal properties attributed to an herb, it is necessary to maintain its quality and purity in the
commercial market. A present overview covering various tool like morphological, microscopical, physical, chemical
and biological employed for evaluation of herbal drugs.
Synonyms:- Vinca rosea, Catharanthus, Madagascar,periwinkle.
Barmasi.
Biological Source:- Vinca is the dried entire plant of Catharanthus roseus Linn .belonging to family Apocynaceae
Geographical Source:- The plant is a native of Madagascar and is found in manytropical and subtropical countries especially in India, Australia,South Africa and North and South America. The plant is cultivated as garden plant in Europe and India.
The concept of beauty and cosmetics is as ancient as mankind and civilization. Women are obsessed with looking beautiful. So, they use various beauty products that have herbs to look charming and young. Indian herbs and its significance are popular worldwide. An herbal cosmetic have growing demand in the world market and is an invaluable gift of nature. Herbal formulations always have attracted considerable attention because of their good activity and comparatively lesser or nil side effects with synthetic drugs. Herbs and spices have been used in maintaining and enhancing human beauty.
Cardiotonic are the drugs that give strength or energy to the activity of the heart. Cardiotonic increases the force of contraction of cardiac muscle and stimulates the overall activity of the heart. The drugs which are used as Cardiotonics are
Digitalis and Arjuna.
Ayurvedic Formulation: Asava, Arishta, Avaleha, Ghrita, Taila, Gutika
Concept of Detoxification: Panchkarma
Final Year B.Pharm (Sem-VIII) Pharmacognosy-III (Mumbai University Syllabus
Enzymes are protentious substances that catalyze or increase the rate of chemical reactions in a living organism.
It acts as a catalyst for specific reactions and converts the specific substrate into a specific product.
The biological processes that occur within all living organisms are chemical reactions, and most are regulated by enzymes.
Without enzymes, many of these reactions would not take place.
They are practically inactive at 0°C and beyond 65°C get denatured.
Crude drugs which contain enzymes are Papaya, Diastase, Yeast.
Factor like pH of the medium direct affects their action.
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum. They are native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice. Cloves are commercially harvested primarily in Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Tanzania.
Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of jasm...SriramNagarajan16
Objectives
The aims of this research were to carry out the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity
of different extracts of J. sessiliflorum. The different anti-oxidant methods carried out were DPPH
scavenging method, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide scavenging method
Methods
Extracts were prepared by reflux method using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evap orated
using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities using DPPH, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide
scavenging methods and the correlation of their IC50 values with standards were carried out.
Results
The ethanolic herbs extract of J. sessiliflorum had the lowest IC50 values in all the anti-oxidant methods.
Moreover, the ethanolic extracts showed the presence greatest amount of phytochemical constituents. The
IC50 values were correlated with the IC50 values of standards in all the anti- oxidant activity determination
methods.
Conclusions
The results of the present study indicate that the extracts of J.sessiliflorum exhibited strong antioxidant
activity and thus it is a good source of antioxidant.
Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity in leaves of Dodonaea viscosa L.BRNSS Publication Hub
The present investigation was focused on the phytochemical screening, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectral analysis, and antioxidant activity of Dodonaea viscosa using various organic solvent extracts. Ethanol and petroleum ether leaf extracts from the leaves D. viscosa were tested for the presence of phytochemical constituents, FT-IR analysis, and antioxidant was carried the qualitative analysis of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, thiols, glycosides, resins, and saponins, and was richly present in petroleum ether and methanolic extracts compared to other extracts. The FT-IR spectrum showed the presence of carbonyls (C=O), phenol (C-O), thioethers (C-S), disulfides (S-S), normal polymeric O-H, phenolic compounds, and arylthio ethers. Plant extracts were screened for the antioxidant activity evaluating their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical in scavenging ability. The total ascorbic acid content of the extracts was also evaluated. The results revealed that D. viscosa had the best DPPH scavenging activity with a value of ethanolic extract and was better than that of the standard ascorbic acid extract gave the highest ascorbic acid content of D. viscosa.
Antioxidant potential of various fractions of Launaea pinnatifida leaves and ...Himanshu Makwana
According to the Ayurvedic literature Launaea pinnatifida Cass is belong to the class of controversial drug Gohjiva. This plant is well known and valuable herb as per the traditional and Ethnobotanical information. Leaves of this plant has been used since ancient time as herbal remedy for jaundice, diuretic, blood purifier and hepatoprotective action by the tribal people of the Western Ghats. However, the plant remains largely unexplored. The antioxidant capacity of the various fraction of L. Pinnatifida leaves and roots extracts, obtained by successive solvent extraction with various polarity of solvents namely Pet. Ether, Chloroform, Methanol and Water, was evaluated by means of different In vitro methods; DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 value for standard ascorbic acid and L. pinnatifida leaves methanol fraction was 165.8 and 220.3 respectively), Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by Phosphomolybdenum method. Those findings means that L. Pinnatifida leaves methanol fraction was most active fraction for free radical scavenging activity compared to all other fractions hence consider as a most potent fraction for the isolation of phytochemical also used in a food industry for protection against oxidative damage. Antioxidant results also support the traditional claim of this plant. The strongest antioxidant activity of methanol fractions of leaves could be due to the presence of flavonoids and phenols.
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This is Journal Club activity Presentation with the reference of various research papers.
This Presentation Contain following...
#Info about Paper
#Highlights
#Introduction
#Materials
#Methods
#Results
#Discussion
#Conclusion
#References
Important Methods used
1)Antioxidants extraction
2)Determination of total phenolics content
3)FRAP Assay
4)Determination of content of phenolic compounds in the
extract
5)Superoxide radical scavenging activity (DPPH)
6)Hydroxyl radical (OH) prevention activity
Journal Club Presentation at Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur.
Thanks for Help and Guidance of Dr. P. B. Choudhari (Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutical Chemistry) and Mr. D. P. Mali Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Assessment of Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection and Susceptibility of Anti...BRNSS Publication Hub
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International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
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Phytochemical Investigation and the study of Drug Potential of Phytocompound in Nicotiana tobaccum.
1. PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND THE
STUDY OF DRUG POTENTIAL OF PHYTO
COMPOUND IN Nicotiana tobaccum
Presented by
Mr. Halavath. RAMESH
Dept. of Chemistry
Loyola College, Chennai.
1
2. • Introduction
• Experimental section
• Results and discussion
• Summary and conclusions
• References
• Acknowledgements
2
CONTENT
3. 1. Phytochemicals are chemical compounds produced by plants.
2.Challenges in the field phytochemistry including isolating specific
compounds and determining their structure and identifying what specific
Phytochemical is primarily response in biological activity.
3. In India Herbal medicines play an important role in the treatment of
various diseases by trational methods practiced such as Ayurveda , Unani
and Siddha.
4. Over 2,48,000 species of the higher plants have been identified 12,000
plants are known to have medicinal properties.
5. The knowledge of pharmacology in essential for understanding action of
drugs on animals and human system.
6. The specific natural products of the primary and secondary metabolites are
very important for chemists.
7. Alkaloids are a group of naturally occuring chemical compound.
8. Nicotine is the most abundant of the volatile alkaloids in the tobacco leaf.
Molecular Formula : C10H14N2 3
INTRODUCTION
4. MEDICO ETHNO BOTANICAL SURVEY
OF Nicotiana tobaccum
Kingdom Plantae
(unranked) Angiosperms
(unranked) Eudicots
(unranked) Asterids
Order Solanales
Family Solanaceae
Genus Nicotiana
Species N. tabacum
5. Medicinal uses of tobacco
Medicinal
uses of
tobacco
Toothaches
Insect
Repellent
Rattle Snake and
Insect Bites
COLD
Tooth Paste
Anticancer
Agent
Skin rashes
Resist
Infection
6. • To extract the phytochemicals present in Nicotina tobaccum plant
using N-Hexane, Chloroform and ethyl acetate solvent.
• To perform the Phytochemicals screening of all three extracts of
Nicotina tobaccum plant.
• To determine the physiochemical parameters such as Ash values,
Fluorescence Analysis and the Qualitative determination of
Phytochemical such as Alkaloids, Ascorbic Acid.
• To study the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of three
solvent extract of Nicotina Tobaccum .
• To anlayse the Phytochemical constituents using analytical
techniques:GC-MS and HPTLC fingerprinting.
• Characterization of Plant extract using IR spectroscopy, HRMS
spectroscopy they use in determination of functional groups, and
mass and Ionization state.
6
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
11. Sl.No Particulars of treatment
Colour Appearance
Visible light UV-Light
.1 Powder as such Brown Brown
2 Powder +1N NaOH Brown Green
3 Powder+1N NaOH(aq) Brown Green
4 Powder + HCL (1:1) Brown Green
5 Powder + HNO3 (1:1) Brown Green
6 Powder + H2SO4 (1:1) Brown Dark
2. Fluorescent Analysis of the powder of Nicotiana tobaccum.
.
Figure. 1 Flourescence analysis of samples under UV light (365 nm)
(NaOH, HCL , H2SO4, HNO3, CHCl3, H2O)
11
13. 1. Estimation of Alkaloids by Singh and Archana Sahu Method.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1 2 3 4 5
Adsorption
Concentration
13
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1 2 3 4 5
Adsorption
Concentration
2.Estimation of Phenol
3.Estimation of Ascorbic Acid(VitaminC)
by 2.4-DNPH Method.
14. HPTLC Analysis
The HPTLC analysis of N-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, Chloroform extract shows the presence of seven different phytochemicals in extract.
Figure. 2. HPTLC analysis of N-hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform extract.
14
16. GC-MS Analysis:
The results from GC-MS analysis leads to the identification of number of pharmacologically important compounds from the GC fractions of the
N-Hexane, Ethylacetate and Chloroform extract of Nicotina Tobaccum. The constituents of the plant extract were identified by comparing of
the mass fragmentation
Figure. 5.8. GC-MS analysis
16
18. High Resolution Mass Spectrometers (HRMS) Analysis
Fig.4 HRMS spectrum of N-Hexane Solvent extract of Nicotina Tobaccum and the proposed
fragmentation paths.
18
20. Antibacterial activity of N-Hexane, Ethylacetate, Chloroform extracts:
Antibacterial activity of aqueous leaf extract of Nicotiana tobaccum against five human pathogens as tested
by paper disc method.
Bacterial strains Zone of Inhibition in mm
Hexane Ethyl acetate Chloroform standard
1. B.Sabtilis 5 mm 6 mm 6 mm 10 mm
2. S.epidermis 6 mm 6 mm 6 mm 10 mm
3. E.Aerogens 7 mm 5 mm 6 mm 10 mm
4. Seudomonas aeruginosa 6 mm 5 mm 5 mm 10 mm
5. Klebsiella aerogenus. 6 mm 5 mm 6 mm 10 mm
20
21. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
• The work carried out on Nicotina Tobaccum, showed the presence of various
Phytochemical constituents and bioactive compounds in all the extracts in
varying range and quantity.
• The quality and quantity of phytochemicals are based on the selection of
solvent system.
• The biological activities are attributed to Phytochemical constituents of
Nicotina Tobaccum and the fluorescent analysis of powdered drug can play a
remarkable role in the determination of quality and purity of the raw drug.
• These types of studies have vital role because of the commercial and research
interest.
• The various functional groups, detected from FT-IR analysis of N-Hexane,
Chloroform and EA extracts, are responsible for the medicinal properties of
plant. The compounds identified by GC-MS in N-Hexane extract of Nicotina
Tobaccum are medicinally valuable and possess a wide variety of
pharmacological applications.
• Further isolation and testing of phytoconstituents for their individual
biological activity will undoubtedly bring promising results in the discovery
and development of novel drugs. 21
22. References
• 1..Duangsri P, Juntarapun K, and Satirapipathkul C: The tobacco leaf extract and
antibacterial activity in textile. International Conference: Textiles & Fashion
2012; 3-4.
• 2.Fransworth NR, Akerele O, Bingel AS, Soejarto DD and Guo: Medicinal plants in
therapy. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1985; 63:965–981.
• 3.Sharma Y, Dua D and Srivastva SN: Comparative study of different parts of
Azadirachta indica (neem) plant on the basis of anti-bacterial activity,
phytochemical screening and its effect on rat PC–12 (Pheochromocytoma) cell
line. International Journal of Biotechnology and allied fields 2014; 2 (7):144 –
154.
• 4.Bakht J, Tayyab M, Ali H, Islam A and Shafi M: Effect of different solvent
extracted samples of Allium sativum on bacteria and fungi. African Journal of
Biotechnology 2011; 10:5910–5915.
• 5.Nascimento GG, Locatelli J, Freitas PC and Silva GL: Antibacterial activity of
plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic resistant bacteria. Brazilian
Journal of Microbiology 2000; 31:247-256.
22
23. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
.
My sincere thanks to my guide Dr. M.F.Valan for taking special interest
in giving me valuable suggestions, encouragement and generous assistance
throughout this project.
I am grateful to Rev.Father Dr.JohanPragasm,SJ,LIFE,Director
Loyola College for providing all the necessary facilities.
I extend my thanks to HOD, Dr.M.GeorgeJohnson & Department of
chemistry all faculty members.
23