Physiological time
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Physiological time differs from real time for animals of different sizes. Smaller animals like shrews have much faster heart rates and metabolize energy at a higher rate than larger animals like elephants. As a result, physiological time passes more quickly for smaller animals, leading to shorter lifespans. While a shrew and elephant may have the same number of heartbeats in their lifetime, the shrew will live only 3 years compared to the elephant's 60 years. At high altitudes, the low barometric pressure reduces oxygen levels and can cause symptoms like weakness, headache, and nausea due to insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues. Acclimatization involves changes to ventilation, oxygen transport and diffusion that help overcome these issues. Phys
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![PHYSIOLOGICAL TIME
• Small animals large animals
CLOCK TIME cannot have same meaning for ALL.
shrew HR=1000
elephant HR = 30
Time and frequency:
high frequency of small heart MEANS duration of HB is small
[duration of HB increases in
proportion to body mass raised
to the power 0.25]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Respiration:
Approximately 500 cubic feet of air per day
surface area of lung - the size of the tennis court. (2,888 square feet)
speed of a sneeze -between 60 to 100 miles per hour (160 kilometers / hour).
Calculation of breaths counts Dog, Man and Tortoise
“The law of use and disuse” and even misuse”
Equal breath counts for everybody
• (Life span in years X Days X Hours X Minutes X Breath count per minute)
• Dog = (20 X 365 X 24 X 60 X 45) = 47,30,40,000
• Human = (60 X 365 X 24 X 60 X 15) = 47,30,40,000
• Tortoise = (150 X 365 X 24 X 60 X 6) = 47,30,40,000
• Everyday we breath around 3 Oxygen cylinders
• Each cylinder cost Rs. 700/- in most cheapest hospital
• Every day we breath of around Rs. 2100/-
• Every month we breath of around Rs. 63,000/-
• Every year we breath of around Rs. 7,56,000/-
• In lifetime with average span of 60 years we breath of around
Rs. 4,53,60,000/-
* Nature provides in abundance “RESPECT AND EXPRESS GRATITUDE”
Accurate measurement of lung efficiency requires a laboratory test, but the following simple checks will prove a rough guide.
1. Take a deep breath and time how long you can hold your breath.
2. Breath in and out as deeply as you can; measure your chest in each position.
Your lungs are probably
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Physiological time
- 1. Physiological time and Real time
- 2. PHYSIOLOGICAL TIME • Small animals large animals CLOCK TIME cannot have same meaning for ALL. shrew HR=1000 elephant HR = 30 Time and frequency: high frequency of small heart MEANS duration of HB is small [duration of HB increases in proportion to body mass raised to the power 0.25]
- 3. PHYSIOLOGICAL TIME Metabolic rate: ‘it is a measure of how fast the animal lives’ Specific metabolic rate per specific body mass DECREASES with INCREASE in size. Metabolic TIME is RECIPROCAL of metabolic rate
- 4. PHYSIOLOGICAL TIME Metabolic rate: Life span of SMALL animals SHORT Life span of LARGE animals LONG both these animals have same HB in THEIR LIFE SPAN. ex: elephant rat HR 30/min 600/min 800,000,000=60 yrs 800,000,000= 3 yrs for man ???!!!! IT IS NOT PRECISE
- 5. PHYSIOLOGICAL TIME Real time: Animals live in a REAL WORLD & cannot escape REAL TIME Day and night cycle Seasons of the year. the total energy and the rate at which it is used determine ENDURANCE TIME ET for SMALL animals is SHORT ET for LARGE animals is LONG Therefore SMALL ANIMALS either must INCREASE ET OR go TORPID (aestivation/hibernation) LARGE ANIMALS MIGRATE OR store FAT to combat this problem.
- 6. EFFECTS OF HIGH ALTITUDE % composition of atmospheric air at high altitude is UNCHANGED BUT change in barometric pressure brings PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. 15000 10000 x 5000 Mt. Evrst 8848 meters Highest habitation 0 200 400 Unacclamatis ed lose conscious 600 760 AIR PRESSURE (mm Hg)
- 7. EFFECTS OF HIGH ALTITUDE Mountain sickness due to LOW PP OF OXYGEN: LOSE MATH WEAKNESS DEFICIENT WORK MEMORY LOSS HEADACHE NAUSEA VOMIT SLEEPLESSNESS RESTLESSNESS. 15000 10000 x 5000 Mt. Evrst 8848 meters Highest habitation 0 200 400 Unacclamatis ed lose conscious 600 760 AIR PRESSURE (mm Hg)
- 8. EFFECTS OF HIGH ALTITUDE Mountain sickness due to LOW PP OF OXYGEN: LOSE MATH WEAKNESS DEFICIENT WORK MEMORY LOSS HEADACHE NAUSEA VOMIT SLEEPLESSNESS RESTLESSNESS. 15000 10000 x 5000 Mt. Evrst 8848 meters Highest habitation 0 200 400 Unacclamatis ed lose conscious 600 760 AIR PRESSURE (mm Hg) REMEDY: Breathing PURE oxygen overcomes all the illness
- 9. EFFECTS OF HIGH ALTITUDE The adequate supply of OXYGEN to the TISSUES depends upon: (each of these steps are affected during acclimatization) VENTILATION OF THE LUNGS, DIFFUSION FROM LUNGS-BLOOD, TRANSPORT OF OXYGEN IN THE BLOOD, DIFFUSION OF OXYGEN FROM BLOOD TO TISSUES, TISSUE UTILIZATION OF OXYGEN. The immediate response achieved is TV, pH, alkaline blood, facilitated diffusion, Hb, RBCs
- 10. Therefore IN ENERGY METABOLISM There is close connection between ENERGY + SUPPLY OF FOOD + OXYGEN UTILIZATION + RATE OF RESPIRATION + TEMPERATURE + pH + BAROMETRIC PRESSURE + PARTIAL PRESSURE OF GASES + DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF GASES + UTILIZATION OF RESERVE FOOD MATERIALS + METABOLIC RATE + SIZE OF THE ORGANISM + OTHER INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL PARAMETERS.
- 11. Thank you Dr. Nagabhushan CM, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Studies in Zoology, VSK University, Ballari, Karnataka, India.