Summary: Till date Theoretical Physics has been built upon description of Fixed Stars by ancient astronomers. However in 1718 it was reported that Fixed Stars have proper motion. This naturally invalidates entire edifice of Theoretical Physics. Author: Dr Mahesh C. Jain is a practicing medical doctor and has written the book “Encounter of Science with Philosophy – A synthetic view”. The book begins with first chapter devoted to scientifically valid concept of God and then explains cosmic phenomena right from origin of nature and universe up to origin of life and evolution of man. The book includes several chapters devoted to auxiliary concepts and social sciences as corollaries to the concept of God. This is the only book which deals with origin of nature and universe from null. Several chapters of the book are devoted to physics. http://www.sciencengod.com http://curatio.in

1. Physics Without Foundations In Natural Phenomena
Summary: Till date Theoretical Physics has been built upon description of Fixed
Stars by ancient astronomers. However in 1718 it was reported that Fixed Stars
have proper motion. This naturally invalidates entire edifice of Theoretical Physics.
For the purpose of this discussion, Physics can be divided into two streams, one is
Experimental Physics and the other is Theoretical Physics. Experimental Physics is
concerned with facts and their interpretation whereas Theoretical Physics is
concerned with rational basis of Experimental Physics and integration of
Experimental Physics into one comprehensive theory. So, it not only attempts to
find rationally, origin of mass and gravity but also has evolved the ill founded
belief that Laws OF Physics are all sufficient to explain the entire natural
phenomena. This is despite the fact that Physicists have never concerned
themselves with Biological Phenomena and Consciousness, except fantasizing
effect of time travel upon living matter.
In the domain of Theoretical Physics, Newton, Ernst Mach, Einstein and in present
times Stephen Hawking are among the most dominant personalities, having set
the ground for others to follow.
Newton needed to define absolute frame of reference in order to rationalize
Newtonian Mechanics. He assumed that the so called Fixed Stars such as North
Pole Star are the bodies at absolute rest in absolute space and so provide
absolute frame of reference. He concluded that in other reference frames either
at rest with respect to the fixed stars or in uniform translation relative to these
stars, Newton's laws of motion were supposed to hold. In contrast, in frames
accelerating with respect to the fixed stars, in particular frames rotating relative
to the fixed stars, the laws of motion did not hold in their simplest form, but had
to be supplemented by the addition of fictitious forces, for example, the Coriolis
force and the centrifugal force.
However, he failed to appreciate that this assumption is self-contradictory to his
Law of Gravitation. Phenomenon of gravity forbids existence of any Fixed Star in
any absolute space in any absolute frame of reference. Moreover, Newton never
explained the mechanism/ cause effect sequence that will force a rigid body on

2. Earth to move along a straight line under the influence of distant Fixed Stars and
in accordance with his Law of Inertia.
Ernst Mach (1838–1916) formulated Mach’s Principle which says “Local physical
laws are determined by large scale structure of the universe”. But he was not
comfortable with notion of Absolute Space and therefore he recommended
removal of all mention of Absolute Space from Law of Inertia, and it would then
be explained as follows: Every body maintains its velocity, both in magnitude and
in direction, as relative to Fixed Stars as long as no forces act upon it.
Mach gave no reason for his principle. He never explained as to why local physical
laws should be determined by large scale structure of the universe. In author’s
opinion it is wild and weird and a blatant misinterpretation of observed facts. It is
antithetical to hierarchical structure of nature wherein rules vary from one
hierarchical level to another.
Einstein (1905) under the influence of Mach’s Principle concluded: Since light rays
are travelling in gravitational field, so they are bound to get deflected on account
of their travel in accelerated frame of reference. But gravitational field is
determined by curvature of space produced by presence of material bodies. This
curvature of space determines Geodesic Lines or the paths of material bodies as
well as light rays. This whole conception further leads to notion of time-space
continuum or Four Dimensional Space.
So Einstein’s anticipation of gravitational deflection of light is rationally grounded
in notion of Fixed Stars, absolute space and absolute frame of reference. There is
no doubt that gravitational deflection of light is a proven fact but in author’s
opinion this is a case of correct anticipation but for wrong reasons. Such are the
wonders of Science.
There is nothing much needed to say about Stephen Hawking except that he has
elaborated upon foundations of Physics as detailed above. In author’s opinion, his
anticipation of gravitational collapse of Universe into Black Holes is not founded
in reality.

3. Ancient astronomers referred to various stars as Fixed Stars, since they were
unable to observe their motion in relation to a geographical locus. However in
1718 Edmund Halley announced his discovery that Fixed Stars are not fixed but
have proper motion. The Fixed Star with largest known proper motion is
Barnard’s star. Since Newton lived up to 1927, so he should have revised his
notions in his life time but unfortunately the Newtonian Legacy continues till date
even though in a slightly modified form, as detailed above.
From the above account, it can be readily seen that the notion of Fixed Stars upon
which rests the entire edifice of Theoretical Physics in naturally invalid. Hence,
Theoretical Physics as it stands today is without foundations in natural
phenomena.
In my book “Encounter of Science With Philosophy – A Synthetic View” I have
discussed the concept of rest in Physics (Chapter-11) and evolved the concept of
Deemed Rest that does not rely upon notion of Fixed Star, absolute space and
absolute frame reference; and to which Laws of Physics are naturally valid.
Author: Dr Mahesh C. Jain is a practicing medical doctor and has written the
book “Encounter of Science with Philosophy – A synthetic view”. The book begins
with first chapter devoted to scientifically valid concept of God and then explains
cosmic phenomena right from origin of nature and universe up to origin of life
and evolution of man. The book includes several chapters devoted to auxiliary
concepts and social sciences as corollaries to the concept of God. This is the only
book which deals with origin of nature and universe from null. Several chapters
of the book are devoted to physics.
http://www.sciencengod.com
http://curatio.in